Correlación entre la medida del color del fruto y la concentración de sólidos solubles totales en frutilla o fresa (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) = Correlation between fruit color measurement and total soluble solids concentration in strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.)

La cuantificación de la calidad de la frutilla se realiza generalmente mediante la determinación de la cantidad de sólidos solubles totales (SST) utilizando técnicas refractométricas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue correlacionar estas medidas de calidad con los parámetros obtenidos durante la determinación del color de los frutos utilizando dos instrumentos colorimétricos distintos. El estudio se realizó en frutos de tres variedades de frutilla ('Camarosa', 'Florida Festival' y 'Camino Real') obtenidos durante la temporada 2013 en la Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá – INTA. En cada fruto se midió el contenido de SST y las colorimétricas en dos espacios de color diferentes. Se ajustaron distintos modelos para obtener la mejor correlación entre ambas medidas. Los ajustes mostraron que la mejor correlación se obtiene utilizando el espacio de color CIE L*a*b*. Además, el ajuste más significativo se obtuvo apelando a la variable a*, que codifica la cantidad de rojo del fruto. Sin embargo, los errores del ajuste no permiten obtener una predicción precisa de la calidad a partir de la determinación del color. El error se encuentra en el orden de ± 3 °Brix.Quality assessment in strawberries is generally performed through refractometric techniques to determine total soluble solids (TSS). The objective of this work was to establish the correlation between fruit quality and two different set of color parameters obtained through two colorimetric instruments. Three varieties of strawberries were harvested ('Camarosa', 'Florida Festival' and 'Camino Real') from the Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá – INTA, throughout the season 2013. In each fruit TSS content and colorimetric variables in two different color spaces were measured.We looked for the best correlating model within two color spaces and we found that the best correlation was reached with only the a* parameter from the CIE L*a*b* color space. However, the error in the prediction of fruit quality based on color measurement was in the order of ±3° Brix.EEA FamailláFil: Solórzano, A.C. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucuman. Instituto de Investigacion En Luz, Ambiente y Vision; ArgentinaFil: Martín, A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucuman. Instituto de Investigacion En Luz, Ambiente y Vision; Argentina. UTN Regional Tucumán, ArgentinaFil: Salazar, Sergio Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia; ArgentinaFil: Sandoval, J.S. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucuman. Instituto de Investigacion En Luz, Ambiente y Vision; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucuman. Facultad de Cs.exactas y Tecnologia. Departamento de Luminotecnia, Luz y Vision; ArgentinaFil: Kirschbaum, Daniel Santiago. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá; Argentin

Economic and monetary union

This chapter introduces economic and monetary union (EMU). It describes the key components of EMU and what happens when countries join. EMU was the result of decades of collaboration and learning, which have been subdivided here into three periods: 1969–91, from the agreement to creation to its inclusion in the Treaty on European Union (TEU); 1992–2002, from having the plans for EMU to the irrevocable fixing of exchange rates; and 2002 onwards, when EMU had been established, and euro banknotes and coins were circulating in member states. Next, the chapter reviews various theoretical explanations, both economic and political, accounting for why EMU was created and looks at some criticisms of EMU. Finally, the chapter discusses how EMU has fared under the global financial crisis, the sovereign debt crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic. These crises brought to the fore various imperfections in the design of EMU and provided opportunities for further development. This section discusses what changes have been made since 2009 to address those flaws and at what may be yet to come.</p

Memoria del Seminario Internacional La revalorización de los Grupos Prioritarios en el Medio Rural

300 páginas pdfEste Seminario tiene como propósito propiciar la reflexión y contribuir a generar una visión institucional compartida e integral para la inclusión de los grupos prioritarios en el desarrollo rural. Además se presentan descripciones metodológicas y estrategias operativas para coadyuvar en el desarrollo rural integral

Recoil imaging for dark matter, neutrinos, and physics beyond the Standard Model

Recoil imaging entails the detection of spatially resolved ionization tracks generated by particle interactions. This is a highly sought-after capability in many classes of detector, with broad applications across particle and astroparticle physics. However, at low energies, where ionization signatures are small in size, recoil imaging only seems to be a practical goal for micro-pattern gas detectors. This white paper outlines the physics case for recoil imaging, and puts forward a decadal plan to advance towards the directional detection of low-energy recoils with sensitivity and resolution close to fundamental performance limits. The science case covered includes: the discovery of dark matter into the neutrino fog, directional detection of sub-MeV solar neutrinos, the precision study of coherent-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, the detection of solar axions, the measurement of the Migdal effect, X-ray polarimetry, and several other applied physics goals. We also outline the R&D programs necessary to test concepts that are crucial to advance detector performance towards their fundamental limit: single primary electron sensitivity with full 3D spatial resolution at the $\sim$100 micron-scale. These advancements include: the use of negative ion drift, electron counting with high-definition electronic readout, time projection chambers with optical readout, and the possibility for nuclear recoil tracking in high-density gases such as argon. We also discuss the readout and electronics systems needed to scale-up such detectors to the ton-scale and beyond