2,133 research outputs found

    Species Extinction Risk Might Increase Out Of Reserves: Allowances For Conservation Of Threatened Butterfly Actinote Quadra (lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Under Global Warming

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    Climate change is an important factor affecting species dispersal and distribution through time and the accelerated global warming has currently concerned decision makers and conservationists. Because protected areas are spatially static, species extinction risk is generally expected to increase under climate change scenarios as a consequence of range shift and decrease. This study aims to understand the current conservation status of Actinote quadra, a neotropical threatened butterfly species, as well as predict how it will be in the future. By coupling ecological niche modeling and climatic simulations, we predicted the species distribution in different future global warming scenarios (2050 and 2070) and estimated the proportion of species range overlapping protected areas through time. Our findings showed a generalized decrease of the potential distribution of A. quadra in the end of 21st century, with the most prominent range loss predicted to occur out of protected areas. Although climate change will potentially drive A. quadra into reserves, the predicted range collapse would be enough to increase its extinction risk from vulnerable, like currently categorized, to the status of critically endangered in accordance to IUCN red list criteria. Taking into account the fragmented and discontinuous landscapes across the Atlantic Forest's hotspot, we propose a conservation strategy for A. quadra based on potential ecological corridors linking climatically suitable areas and discuss the need for amplifying and connecting the current protected areas to maintain this threatened species at longer time under a global warming scenario. (C) 2015 Associacao Brasileira de Ciencia Ecologica e Conservacao. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.132159165FAPEG [2012/1026.700.1086]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

    High-risk spatial clusters for Zika, dengue, and chikungunya in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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    OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatial distribution and identify high-risk spatial clusters of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya (ZDC), in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and their socioeconomic status. METHODS: An ecological study based on data from a seroprevalence survey. Using a rapid diagnostic test to detect the arboviruses, 2,114 individuals were tested in 2018. The spatial distribution was analyzed using kernel estimation. To detect high-risk spatial clusters of arboviruses, we used multivariate scan statistics. The Social Development Index (SDI) was considered in the analysis of socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Among the 2,114 individuals, 1,714 (81.1%) were positive for at least one arbovirus investigated. The kernel estimation showed positive individuals for at least one arbovirus in all regions of the city, with hot spots in the North, coincident with regions with very low or low SDI. The scan statistic detected three significant (p<0.05) high-risk spatial clusters for Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. These clusters correspond to 35.7% (n=613) of all positive individuals of the sample. The most likely cluster was in the North (cluster 1) and overlapped regions with very low and low SDI. Clusters 2 and 3 were in the West and overlapping regions with low and very low SDI, respectively. The highest values of relative risks were in cluster 1 for CHIKV (1.97), in cluster 2 for ZIKV (1.58), and in cluster 3 for CHIKV (1.44). Regarding outcomes in the clusters, the Flavivirus had the highest frequency in clusters 1, 2, and 3 (42.83%, 54.46%, and 52.08%, respectively). CONCLUSION: We found an over-risk for arboviruses in areas with the worst socioeconomic conditions in Rio de Janeiro. Moreover, the highest concentration of people negative for arboviruses occurred in areas considered to have better living conditions

    Aquisição e eliminação de contaminantes em tecidos de moluscos bivalves

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    Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biociências, Florianópolis, 2014O consumo de ostras pode ser responsável pela veiculação de doenças para humanos, pois estes animais podem acumular substâncias tóxicas e microrganismos patogênicos em seus tecidos. Vírus entéricos humanos podem apresentar padrões distintos de acumulação nas ostras, dificultando que sejam removidos durante a depuração. Estudos da cinética de decaimento de contaminantes microbiológicos e químicos nas ostras, durante a depuração, são escassos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar a dinâmica de aquisição e eliminação de contaminantes químicos e microbiológicos, no meio ambiente e durante os processos de depuração. Esta pesquisa abrangeu duas etapas distintas, envolvendo a alocação de ostras por 14 dias em quatro locais na baía de Florianópolis-SC: dois liberados ao cultivo (RIB-Ribeirão da Ilha e SAL-Santo Antônio de Lisboa) e dois impróprios (TAP-Tapera e BUC-estuário do rio Bücheler). Na primeira etapa (capítulo I) foi medida a contaminação ambiental destes locais e na segunda (capítulo II), realizada a contaminação (diferentes níveis) das ostras, para que fossem submetidas aos testes de depuração, com diferentes tratamentos (7 dias). No capítulo I foram analisadas: ostras, água e sedimento marinhos dos locais, sendo que as amostras procedentes diretamente do laboratório fornecedor das ostras (Laboratório de Cultivo de Moluscos Marinhos/UFSC-LCMM) funcionaram como o tempo zero da contaminação (T0 dia). Foram detectados: (1) Bactérias: E. coli na água do mar (acima de 43 UFC/100 mL em TAP e BUC) e Salmonella sp. nas ostras (em BUC), por cultura bacteriana; (2) Protozoários: Cryptosporidium nas ostras (TAP) e Giardia na água do mar (BUC), pela Imunoseparação Magnética e Imunofluorescência tendo esta última sido sequenciada para a confirmação da espécie (G.duodenalis); (3) Vírus entéricos: Adenovírus Humano/HADV (nos quatro locais), Vírus da Hepatite A nas ostras (BUC), Norovírus Humano (NoV) GI nas ostras (TAP e BUC) e GII na água do mar (BUC), Poliomavírus-JC nas ostras (LCMM), todos por (RT) qPCR. Também se verificou a ausência de HAdV infecciosos nas ostras, por teste de Placa de Lise. (4) Pesticidas Organoclorados; Hidrocarbonetos Alifáticos/HAs e Policíclicos Aromáticos/HPAs; Alquibenzenos Lineares/LABs foram detectados em vários locais, por Cromatografia Gasosa, nas ostras e sedimentos. No capítulo II, somente ostras foram analisadas, antes e durante a depuração. Foram utilizadas lâmpadas UV (18 e 36 W) na descontaminação das águas de depuração e comparadas as cinéticas de decaimento dos contaminantes nos tecidos das ostras. Parte dos animais de cada local, foi artificialmente contaminada com HAdV2 e Norovírus Murino/MNV-1, funcionando como controles positivos de contaminação viral durante as depurações. Não houve eliminação dos HAdV e protozoários das ostras durante a depuração. MNV-1 foi eliminado após quatro dias de depuração. Também foram detectados HAs, HPAs e LABs, antes e após as depurações. Concluídos os testes, depuradoras com UV 36 W foram disponibilizadas em quatro restaurantes em Florianópolis e realizadas análises virais das ostras depuradas por quatro dias (43 amostras). Somente HAdV foi detectado (uma amostra) e não estava infeccioso. Laudos das análises foram entregues aos comerciantes. As contaminações detectadas ameaçam a produção de ostras em Florianópolis, sendo necessário o aumento na fiscalização nas regiões de cultivo. Embora a depuração tenha removido o MNV-1 (vírus com genoma de RNA, como a maioria dos vírus entéricos humanos veiculados pelas ostras), não eliminou outros patógenos e compostos orgânicos investigados. Além dos ensaios descritos na tese, também foram realizadas outras pesquisas (Apêndice A), referentes à bioacumulação diferencial das espécies de NoV GI e Sapovírus em ostras e inativação termal de Rotavírus em mexilhões durante o cozimento. Estas pesquisas adicionais foram realizadas durante estágio doutoral, 11 meses, no Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), na França.Abstract: The consumption of oysters may be responsible for transmission of diseases to humans because these animals can accumulate toxic substances and pathogenic microorganisms in their tissues. Human enteric viruses may exhibit distinct patterns of accumulation in oysters, making it difficult to be removed during depuration. Studies of the decay kinetics of microbiological and chemical contaminants in oysters, during depuration, are scarce. The aim of this work was to study the dynamics of acquisition and disposal of chemical and microbiological contaminants in the environment and during the process of depuration. This research comprised two stages, involving the allocation of oysters for 14 days in four locations in the Bay of Florianópolis-SC: two released for cultivation (RIB-Ribeirão da Ilha and SAL-Santo Antonio de Lisboa) and two improper (TAP-Tapera and BUC-Bücheler river estuary). In the first step (Chapter I), environmental contamination of these sites was measured and in the second (Chapter II), held contamination (different levels) of oysters, that were submitted to the depuration tests with different treatments (7 days). In the Chapter I, were analyzed: oyster, seawater and marine sediments. All samples obtained from the oyster supplier (Laboratory of Cultivation of Marine Mollusks/UFSC-LCMM) were considered time zero of contamination (T0 day). Were detected: (1) Bacteria: E. coli in seawater (above 43 CFU/100 mL in TAP and BUC) and Salmonella sp. in oysters (in BUC) by bacterial culture; (2) Protozoa: Cryptosporidium in oysters (TAP) and Giardia in seawater (BUC), by Immunomagnetic Separation and Immunofluorescence, and this was also been sequenced to confirm the species (G. duodenalis); (3) Enteric Viruses: Human Adenovirus / HAdV (in four locations), Hepatitis A virus in oysters (BUC), Human Norovirus GI (NoV GI) in oysters (TAP and BUC) and GII in seawater (BUC), Polyomavirus-JC in oysters (LCMM), all by (RT) qPCR. It was also verified the absence of infectious HAdV oysters by the Plaque Assay. (4) Organochlorine Pesticides; Aliphatic/AHs and Polycyclic Aromatic/PAHs Hydrocarbons; Linear alkylbenzenes/LABs were detected in several locations, by Gas Chromatography, in oysters and sediments. In Chapter II, only oysters were examined before and during depuration. UV lamps (18 and 36 W) were used in the decontamination of water and the kinetics of decay of contaminants was compared, in the oyster tissues. Part of the animals from each sitewas artificially contaminated with HAdV2 and Norovirus Murino/MNV-1, acting as positive controls of viral contamination during the depurations. There was no elimination of HAdV and protozoa from oysters during depuration. MNV-1 was eliminated after four days of depuration. AHs, LABs and PAHs were detected before and after the depurations. After the end of the laboratory tests, the depuration tanks with UV 36 W were allocated in four restaurants, in Florianopolis and viral analyzes of oysters depurated during four days (43 samples) were performed. Only HAdV was detected (one sample) and was not infectious. Reports of analyzes were delivered to traders. The contamination pointed hazards for oyster consumption and showed the importance for continuous surveillance in mollusks growing areas. Although depuration removed the MNV-1 (viruses with RNA genomes, such as most human enteric viruses transmitted by oysters) it did not eliminate other pathogens and organic compounds investigated. In addition to the tests described in the thesis, other research (Appendix A) related to differential bioaccumulation of NoV GI and Sapovirus species in oysters and the thermal inactivation of Rotavirus in mussels during cooking were performed. These additional studies were conducted during the doctoral stage during 11 months, at the Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), France

    Thyroid Cancer and Acromegaly

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    Acromegaly results from oversecretion of growth hormone and subsequent insulin growth factor-I. Some studies have described an association between acromegaly and increased risk of some cancers, including thyroid cancer, the most common endocrine malignancy. It is well known that follicular thyroid cells express IGF-I receptor and that GH and IGF-I have both proliferative and anti-apoptotic effects and their hypersecretion may theoretically induce tumor development and stimulate its growth, despite the fact that research data is conflicting and population-based data on thyroid cancer and acromegaly is rare. Some molecular alterations, including point mutations in BRAF and RAS genes and RET/PTC gene rearrangements, have been associated with oncogenesis of PTC. However, the implications of these genetic markers in the development of PTC in patients with acromegaly are not yet well known. In this chapter, we discuss epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular biology aspects, and how to screen and to manage acromegalic patients with nodular thyroid disease and thyroid cancer

    Eficiência de mercado: uma aplicação no setor sucroalcooleiro da Paraíba

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    Purpose – This article has as main objective to analyze the efficiency of the sugar and ethanol market in Paraíba, through the cointegration test.Design/methodology/approach – To this end, historical series of sugar and ethanol from the Paraíba market were used, collected at BM&FBOVESPA and CEPEA. As for the methods, the Descriptive Statistics metrics were applied to describe the series' behaviors, the Dickey-Fuller Increased Unit Root Test to verify stationarity, and finally the Cointegration Test, to analyze the long-term relationship.Findings – The results indicated a behavior with several oscillatory movements in the series prices. Regarding the stationarity of the series, the variables in sight and future of the Paraíba market, a non-stationary process was presented. Finally, the series were estimated to have no cointegration. Thus, we can conclude that the sugar and alcohol sector in the Paraiba market is inefficient, that is, commodities deviate from the real market value.Research limitations/implications – In the unfolding of this research, a limitation was evident during the exploratory phase, such as: Restrictions on the period of data on sugar and hydrated ethanol available at CEPEA and BM & FBOVESPA, mainly with regard to the cash price and future variables of the Paraiba market.Practical implications – In this research, it can be seen that the Paraíba market would be considered efficient if it reflected the information available in commodity prices, making abnormal gains impossible.Originality/value – A study on market efficiency is relevant, as it makes it possible to identify patterns of behavior of asset prices in the market. That is, they can assess whether asset prices are being overvalued and how it affects the investor and the Brazilian economy.Objetivo – Este artigo tem como principal objetivo analisar a eficiência do mercado de açúcar e etanol da Paraíba, mediante o teste de cointegração.Design/metodologia/abordagem – Para tanto, utilizaram-se séries históricas do açúcar e etanol do mercado paraibano, coletados na BM&FBOVESPA e na CEPEA. Quanto aos métodos, aplicaram-se as métricas de Estatísticas Descritiva para descrever os comportamentos das séries, o Teste Raiz Unitária Aumentado de Dickey-Fuller para verificar a estacionariedade, e por fim o Teste de Cointegração, para analisar a relação a longo prazo.Resultados – Os resultados indicaram um comportamento com diversos movimentos oscilatórios nos preços das séries. Quanto a estacionariedade das séries, as variáveis à vista e futuro do mercado paraibano, apresentou-se processo não estacionário. Por fim, as séries estimaram-se que não há cointegração. Podendo assim, concluir que o setor sucroalcooleiro do mercado paraibano é ineficiente, ou seja, as commodities desviar o valor real de mercado.Implicações/limitações da pesquisa – No desdobramento desta pesquisa, ficou evidente uma limitação no decorrer da fase exploratória, como: Restrições no período dos dados do açúcar e etanol hidratado disponíveis na CEPEA e BM&FBOVESPA, principalmente no que se refere as variáveis de preço à vista e futuro do mercado paraibano.Implicações práticas – Nesta pesquisa, podem-se constatar que o mercado paraibano seria considerado eficiente se refletisse as informações disponíveis nos preços das commodities, impossibilitando ganhos anormais.Originalidade/valor – Estudo sobre eficiência de mercado é relevante, pois possibilita identificar padrões de comportamento dos preços de ativos no mercado. Isto é, podem avaliar se os preços dos ativos sendo supervalorizadas e como isso afeta o investidor e a economia brasileira

    THE LOCAL DIMENSION IN WATER RESOURCES GOVERNANCE: THE EXPERIENCE OF INTER-MUNICIPAL CONSORTIA AND COMMITTEES ON RIVER BASINS

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    A gestão integrada de recursos hídricos no Brasil tem avançado à medida que se amplia a governança descentralizada e participativa. Contudo, há uma necessidade de melhor entendimento sobre a atuação do nível local, tendo em vista que é nesse nível que diversas políticas públicas são efetivamente implementadas. Nesse sentido, este artigo teve por objetivo apresentar o debate contemporâneo sobre o nível local em relação à governança de recursos hídricos no Brasil semiárido, com base no desempenho de consórcios intermunicipais e do comitê de bacia hidrográfica do rio São Francisco. A pesquisa demonstrou que os municípios não ignoram a necessidade de adotar novos modelos de gestão como resposta às suas conhecidas limitações financeiras e técnicas. Os casos dos consórcios intermunicipais e dos comitês de bacia têm se apresentado como oportunidades para maior visibilidade e atuação dos atores locais. Os consórcios intermunicipais têm auxiliado na gestão do saneamento conforme ampliam o acesso de municípios aos serviços prestados. Já a dinâmica do comitê de bacia hidrográfica tem aumentado as possibilidades de participação de atores que atuam em nível local na mesma arena, possibilitando o debate e a tomada de decisão compartilhada. Porém, evidencia-se uma clara necessidade de identificar fatores e estratégias que possibilitem uma organização bem-sucedida de participação e cooperação de níveis locais nesses novos arranjos de governança.Integrated water resources management is advancing in Brazil as decentralized and participatory governance gains more prominence. However, local actions need to be better understood since several public policies are effectively implemented at this level. The present article aims to present the current debate about the local dimension in water resources governance. The paper analyzes empirical cases of water resources management in semi-arid Brazil, based on the performance of inter-municipal consortia and São Francisco’s River Basin Committee. Research shows that municipalities do not ignore the need to adopt new management models in response to their known financial and technical limitations. Cases of inter-municipal consortia and river basin committees have proven to be opportunities for greater visibility and action of local participants. Inter-municipal consortia assist in sanitation management, because they increase the access of municipalities to the services provided. On the other hand, dynamics of the river basin committee expanded the possibilities of participation of local actors, allowing the debate and shared decision-making. Nevertheless, identifying factors and strategies for the successful organization of local participation and cooperation in these new governance arrangements is needed

    Eficiência dos hospitais da Paraíba: uma comparação entre a administração direta e a indireta

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    In the area of public health, the media has repeatedly cited problems related to this subject. The main user of public services is the population of our country, and the same is interested in the quality and appropriateness of the information on the management of the resources applied. The society applies resources in the form of payment of taxes and contributions and the State executes government actions in favor of society. Currently a topic that has been much debated is the outsourcing of services provided by the government, be it at the national or state level. One way that the public entities have found as a way of sharing the management of the numerous health units, is contracting the service so that they can be provided by third parties. From this, it is by society that the administration is direct or indirect, execute the expenses in an efficient way. Be efficient when a Decision Making Unit (DMU) produces more services using the least amount of inputs, that is, available resources. For the calculation of the efficiency of the DMUs studied in this work, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) will be used, after which it will be possible to make an efficiency analysis comparing the direct and indirect administration. The data revealed that there is no statistically significant difference in efficiency regarding the type of management.A mídia brasileira constantemente tem apresentado problemas em relação à prestação de serviços públicos na área da saúde pública. O principal usuário destes serviços é a população do nosso país e a mesma é a interessada na qualidade da gestão dos recursos aplicados. A sociedade repassa os recursos em forma de pagamento de impostos e contribuições e o Estado executa ações de governo em prol da sociedade. Atualmente, um tema que tem sido bastante debatido é a terceirização dos serviços prestados pelo governo, seja a nível nacional ou estadual. Uma alternativa que o governo tem encontrado, como forma de compartilhar a gestão das inúmeras unidades de saúde, é a partir da terceirização dos serviços públicos. Assim, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é investigar se a forma de gestão seja executada diretamente pelo estado ou indiretamente pelas organizações sociais temsociais tem influência na eficiência dos gastos recursos aplicados. Para o cálculo da eficiência das Decisions Making Unit (DMUs), utilizou autilizou a Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA), e para comparar a eficiência do tipo de gestão da saúde (direita ou indiretamente) utilizou o teste não paramétrico de Mann Whitney. Os dados revelaram que não há diferença de eficiência, estatisticamente significativa, no que diz respeito ao tipo de gestão

    EDITORIAL

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    Editorial - 4ª edição Revista Turismo & Cidade
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