Tryptophan overloading activates brain regions involved with cognition, mood and anxiety

Tryptophan is the only precursor of serotonin and mediates serotonergic activity in the brain. Previous studies have shown that the administration of tryptophan or tryptophan depletion significantly alters cognition, mood and anxiety. Nevertheless, the neurobiological alterations that follow these changes have not yet been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of a tryptophan-enriched diet on immunoreactivity to Fos-protein in the rat brain. Sixteen male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups that either received standard chow diet or a tryptophan-enriched diet for a period of thirty days. On the morning of the 31st day, animals were euthanized and subsequently analyzed for Fos-immunoreactivity (Fos-ir) in the dorsal and median raphe nuclei and in regions that receive serotonin innervation from these two brain areas. Treatment with a tryptophan-enriched diet increased Fos-ir in the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, paraventricular hypothalamus, arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamus, dorsolateral and dorsomedial periaqueductal grey and dorsal and median raphe nucleus. These observations suggest that the physiological and behavioral alterations that follow the administration of tryptophan are associated with the activation of brain regions that regulate cognition and mood/anxiety-related responses.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, Rua Napoleao Barros 925,3 Andar, BR-04023062 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biociencias, Rua Silva Jardim 136,3 Andar, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, Rua Napoleao Barros 925,3 Andar, BR-04023062 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Biociencias, Rua Silva Jardim 136,3 Andar, BR-11060001 Santos, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Fatores associados à coinfecção HIV/sífilis no início da terapia antirretroviral

OBJETIVO Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à coinfecção HIV/sífilis em pessoas no início da terapia antirretroviral no município de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. MÉTODOS Foi realizado um corte seccional de um estudo de coorte prospectivo, com pessoas vivendo com HIV, sem tratamento prévio da infecção, em início da terapia antirretroviral, maiores de 16 anos e em acompanhamento em serviços de assistência especializada em HIV/aids de Belo Horizonte. Dados sociodemográficos, comportamentais, clínicos, laboratoriais e relacionados ao tratamento farmacológico foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas, coleta em prontuários clínicos e nos sistemas de informação de controle de medicamentos antirretrovirais e exames laboratoriais. A variável dependente foi o primeiro episódio de sífilis ativa, registrado pelo médico em prontuário clínico, em um período de 12 meses após início da terapia antirretroviral. Os fatores associados à coinfecção HIV/sífilis foram avaliados por meio de regressão logística binária múltipla. RESULTADOS Dentre os 459 indivíduos avaliados, observou-se uma prevalência de 19,5% (n = 90) de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, sendo a sífilis (n = 49) a infecção sexualmente transmissível mais frequente nesses indivíduos. A prevalência da coinfecção HIV/sífilis foi de 10,6% (n = 49) e os fatores independentes associados foram o uso de álcool (OR = 2,30; IC95% 1,01–5,26) e ter diagnóstico de outras infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (OR = 3,33; IC95% 1,24–8,95). CONCLUSÕES Houve alta prevalência de coinfecção HIV/sífilis em pessoas vivendo com HIV em início de terapia antirretroviral em Belo Horizonte. A coinfecção HIV/sífilis foi associada a fatores comportamentais e clínicos, como uso de álcool e diagnóstico de outras infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. O conhecimento prévio sobre os fatores associados à essa coinfecção pode subsidiar as decisões dos profissionais de saúde inseridos no cuidado às pessoas vivendo com HIV, no que diz respeito ao diagnóstico oportuno, orientações, acompanhamento e tratamento adequado, tanto da sífilis quanto do HIV.OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with HIV/syphilis co-infection in people initiating antiretroviral therapy in Belo Horizonte, capital of the state of Minas Gerais. METHODS A sectional section of a prospective cohort study was carried out with people living with HIV, treatment-naive, initiating antiretroviral therapy, older than 16 years, and in follow-up treatment at specialized HIV/Aids care services in Belo Horizonte. Sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical, laboratory and pharmacological treatment-related data were obtained through interviews, medical records, and information systems for logistical control of antiretroviral medications and laboratory tests. The dependent variable was the first episode of active syphilis, recorded by the physician in clinical records, within 12 months after beginning of the antiretroviral therapy. Factors associated with HIV/syphilis co-infection were assessed using binary multiple logistic regression. RESULTS Among the 459 individuals included, a prevalence of 19.5% (n = 90) of sexually transmitted infections (STI) was observed, with syphilis (n = 49) being the most frequent STI in these individuals. The prevalence of HIV/syphilis co-infection was 10.6% (n = 49), and the associated independent factors were alcohol use (OR = 2.30; 95%CI: 1.01–5.26), and having a diagnosis of other sexually transmitted infections (OR = 3.33; 95%CI: 1.24–8.95). CONCLUSIONS There was a high prevalence of HIV/syphilis co-infection in people living with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy in Belo Horizonte. HIV/syphilis co-infection was associated with behavioral and clinical factors, such as alcohol use and diagnosis of other sexually transmitted infections. Prior knowledge about the factors associated with this co-infection may support the decisions of health professionals engaged in the care to people living with HIV, with regard to timely diagnosis, guidance, follow-up and adequate treatment, both for syphilis and HIV

De política pública à ideologia de gênero: O processo de (des)institucionalização das políticas para as mulheres de 2003 a 2020

This article aims to evaluate to what extent the process of dismantling policies for women has been installed in federal public management and the intensity with which it is effective over the last few years. To this end, we followed the trajectory of advances and setbacks that marked this field between the period from 2003 to 2020, dividing it into three phases: i) 2003-2014: the consolidation of a policy agenda for women; ii) 2015-2018: the stagnation of this agenda; and iii) 2019-2020: the delegitimization of the agenda and dismantling of policies. The focus consists on analyzing the capacity of the institutional mechanisms for the advancement of women to manage gender mainstreaming and to implement actions under their responsibility. The indicators raised allow us to conclude that there was, throughout the period analyzed, a deinstitutionalization of the gender perspective in the governmental structure that begins with a process of reduction, paralysis and ineffectiveness of the main instruments of public policies for women, which is followed by a dismantling of this agenda within the State, by the dismissal of the principle of gender equality and by the transversality of a conservative family agenda

Procedimentos cirúrgicos: aspectos epidemiológicos

Os aspectos epidemiológicos dos procedimentos cirúrgicos mostram as dimensões relativas ao comportamento e à evolução de problemas de saúde coletiva, com destaque para sua incidência, distribuição, e possível controle dos determinantes das próprias doenças e de seus fatores. Os aspectos epidemiológicos vêm buscando compreender melhor as doenças, suas características e seu comportamentos, no que se refere aos seus determinantes biológicos, sociais e ambientais. Dessa forma, a presente revisão sistemática teve como objetivo: mostrar os aspectos epidemiológicos dos procedimentos cirúrgicos. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados Google acadêmico, Lilacs e Scientific Eletronic Online (Scielo), no qual os descritores foram: Saúde, Epidemiologia, Fatores de risco, 12 artigos foram utilizados neste estudo. Os resultados da revisão sistemática evidenciam que a frequente pressão da sociedade e da mídia em relação à aparência de seus corpos, faz com que cada vez mais indivíduos optem pelas cirurgias plásticas que algumas vezes não tem o resultado esperado, gerando mais impactos psicológicos aos pacientes

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiva

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiv

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiva

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiv

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiva

Resumos concluídos - Saúde Coletiv

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora