Association between physical activity level and consumption of fruit and vegetables among adolescents in northeast Brazil

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the association between low levels of physical activity and consumption of fruits and vegetables among adolescents.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 2,057 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years from the city of Aracaju, Northeastern Brazil. We analyzed the level of physical activity, consumption of fruits and vegetables by standardized and validated questionnaires. The control variables were sex, age, socioeconomic status, maternal education, alcohol consumption and smoking. For data analysis, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used, with a significance level of 5%.ResultsThe prevalence of low levels of physical activity was 81.9%; the inadequate consumption of fruits ocurred in 79.1% and the inadequate consumption of vegetables in 90.6%. Adolescents who consumed few fruits daily had an increase in 40% of chance of being insufficiently active and, for those who consumed few vegetable's the likelihood of being insufficiently active was 50% higher, compared to those who had adequate intake of these foods.ConclusionsLow levels of physical activity were associated with inadequate fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents in a city in northeastern Brazil. These findings suggest that insufficiently active adolescents have other unhealthy behaviors that may increase the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood

PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO E ANTROPOMÉTRICO DE IDOSOS DE GRUPOS DE CONVIVÊNCIA

Objetivou-se neste estudo descrever e analisar o perfil sociodemográfico e antropométrico de idosos de grupos de convivência. O estudo transversal foi formado por 181 idosos (98 mulheres e 83 homens) de 18 diferentes grupos de Aracaju-SE. As variáveis sociodemográficas foram: idade, escolaridade, estado civil e renda. As antropométricas foram: massa corporal (MC), estatura, circunferência da cintura (CC) e do quadril (CQ). Calculou-se o IMC e o RCQ. Empregou-se a estatística descritiva, teste “t” para amostras independentes e análise de variância, com comparações post-hoc de Tukey, adotando um p<0,05. A maioria dos idosos tinha mais de 70 anos (64%), eram do sexo feminino (54%), com no máximo ensino fundamental (73%), casados (68%) e com renda própria (60%). A MC e a estatura diminuíram com o passar da idade. Em média, o IMC foi superior aos recomendados em todas as faixas etárias. Mais mulheres do que homens apresentaram inadequação na CC e RCQ. SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND ANTHROPOMETRIC PROFILE OF ELDERLY PEOPLE FROM COEXISTENCE GROUPS. abstract The aim of this study was to describe and analyze sociodemographic and anthropometric profile of elderly from coexistence groups. The cross-sectional study was formed by 181 elderly people (98 women and 83 men) of 18 different groups of Aracaju-SE. The sociodemographic variables were: age, education, marital status and income. The anthropometric were: body mass (BM), height, waist circumference (WC) and hip (WH). The BMI and the WHR were calculates. It was applied the descriptive statistics, “t” test for independent samples and analysis of variance, with post-hoc of Tukey, adopting p <0.05. Most elderly people had more than 70 years (64%), were female (54%), with at most elementary school (73%), married (68%), and with own income (60%). The BM and stature declined with the age passage. On average, BMI was higher than those recommended for all ages. More women than men showed inadequacy in the WC and WHR

Indicadores antropométricos de obesidade e fatores sociodemográficos e de saúde associados à pressão arterial elevada em adultos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil: estudo de base populacional

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação FísicaEste estudo teve como objetivo analisar a associação de indicadores antropométricos de obesidade generalizada e central e fatores individuais sociodemográficos e de saúde com níveis pressóricos elevados em adultos de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Esta pesquisa faz parte do projeto EpiFloripa Adultos 2009, caracteriza-se como transversal, de base populacional com amostra de 1.720 adultos (20 a 59 anos de idade), de ambos os sexos, residentes na cidade de Florianópolis. A coleta de dados foi domiciliar e ocorreu entre setembro de 2009 e janeiro de 2010. As pressões arteriais, sistólica e diastólica, foram avaliadas por meio de um aparelho digital de pulso, devidamente calibrado. Os indicadores antropométricos de obesidade analisados foram o índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura, razão circunferência da cintura-estatura (RCest), índice de conicidade (índice-C), percentual de gordura corporal (%G) estimado por meio de equações que consideram o IMC e a circunferência da cintura. Todos os indicadores antropométricos apresentaram boa capacidade preditiva para hipertensão, sendo que o IMC, a circunferência da cintura e a RCest foram os melhores indicadores. Valores elevados de %G e dos demais indicadores foram associados com a hipertensão. Os homens, sujeitos com cor de pele preta, faixa etária acima de 40 anos, tercil intermediário de renda per capita, escolaridade menor que 12 anos, inativos fisicamente, IMC > 25 kg/m², circunferência da cintura elevada e com percepção negativa do estado de saúde foram os grupos mais vulneráveis a apresentar hipertensão. O presente estudo sugere que indicadores antropométricos de obesidade generalizada e central apresentam poder discriminatório e magnitude de associação semelhante para hipertensão em adultos, e que fatores individuais passíveis de modificação microestruturais e macroestruturais estão fortemente associados à hipertensão arterial.This study aimed to analyze the association between anthropometric indicators of general and central obesity and individual sociodemographic and health factors with high blood pressure among adults from Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. This research is part of a project entitled EpiFloripa Adultos 2009, which is a cross-sectional population-based study with a sample composed of 1,720 adults (20-59 years) from both sexes living in the city of Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Data were collected at home and occurred between September 2009 and January 2010. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was evaluated by means of a digital pulse device, properly calibrated. Anthropometric indicators of obesity were analyzed using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), conicity index (C-index), body fat percentage (% BF) estimated by equations that consider BMI and waist circumference. All anthropometric indicators showed good predictive capacity for hypertension, and BMI, waist circumference and WHtR were the best indicators. High %BF values and other indicators were associated with hypertension. Men, subjects with black skin color, aged over 40 years, intermediate tertile of per capita income, educational level lower than 12 years, physical inactivity, BMI > 25 kg / m², high waist circumference and negative health state perception were the groups most vulnerable to show hypertension. The present study suggests that anthropometric indicators of general and central obesity have similar discriminatory power and magnitude of association for hypertension in adults, and that individual factors that can be micro structurally and macro structurally changed are strongly associated with hypertension

Efeito de um programa de exercício físico aeróbio na composição corporal, perfil lipídico e capacidade aeróbia em adolescentes com excesso de peso

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Desportos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Florianópolis, 2010O excesso de peso corporal entre os adolescentes, nas formas de sobrepeso e obesidade, vem aumentando nos países em desenvolvimento, o que acarreta preocupações aos órgãos de saúde, devido aos agravos e riscos provocados por essas condições. Associado ao excesso de peso, as alterações no perfil lipídico aumenta o risco de mortalidade na vida adulta. Uma das recomendações para diminuição do excesso de peso e dos fatores de risco associados é a prática de exercícios físicos aeróbios regulares, pois o aprimoramento da capacidade aeróbia resulta em alterações na composição corporal e no perfil lipídico. Assim, este estudo desenvolvido com adolescentes que apresentam excesso de peso teve como objetivos verificar o efeito de um programa de exercício físico nas seguintes variáveis: a) composição corporal; b) perfil lipídico; c) capacidade aeróbia. Este estudo experimental de delineamento de grupos randomizados com testes pré e pós-tratamento foi formado por adolescentes com excesso de peso, divididos aleatoriamente em grupos experimental - GE (n=9) e controle - GC (n=5). A intervenção teve duração de 12 semanas, na qual o GE realizou exercício aeróbio três vezes semanais, em cicloergômetro, com intensidades individuais referentes ao limiar de lactato (LL) e ao Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation (OBLA), tendo a cada duas semanas um incremento de 10% na carga do ergômetro. Após o período de intervenção, diferentemente do GC, o GE teve uma melhora nas seguintes variáveis: a) composição corporal, diminuição da dobra cutânea tricipital (14,0%), percentual de gordura corporal (4,2%), massa de gordura (4,2%) e aumento da massa livre de gordura (1,7%); b) perfil lipídico, aumentando o HDL - colesterol (10,6%); c) capacidade aeróbia, aumento nas cargas do ergômetro referentes ao LL (33,3%) e OBLA (14,2%), além de se atingir o LL com uma freqüência cardíaca superior ao período inicial. O programa de exercício físico aeróbio em cicloergômetro, destinado aos adolescentes com excesso de peso, tendo uma intensidade elevada, prescrita com indicadores da resposta de lactato sanguíneo, provocou alterações positivas na composição corporal, perfil lipídico e capacidade aeróbia nos adolescentes que participaram do treinamento. Estes achados indicam, supostamente, que adolescentes com excesso de peso, inseridos em programas de exercício físico de intensidade elevada, podem diminuir o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares na idade adulta

Prevalence and factors associated with low lumbar strength in adolescents

Introduction: Low back pain is a multifactorial disorder and is one of the most common musculoskeletal discomfort in adolescents and adults. Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with low levels of lumbar force in adolescents.  Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 909 adolescents aged 14 to 16 years enrolled in public schools in São José, of Santa Catarina State – Southern Brazil. Lumbar force was analyzed by the lumbar extension test developed by a Canadian research group, which proposes different cutoffs according sex. Independent variables were sex, age, socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, screen time, physical activity, aerobic fitness and mass body index. For data analysis, binary logistic regression was used, with significance level of 5%.  Results: The prevalence of low levels of lumbar force was 45.2%, being 36.2% for boys and 53.1% for girls. The population subgroups most likely to present low levels of lumbar force were females (OR: 1,99; CI95%: 1,52 to 2,60) and those adolescents with overweight (OR: 1,48; CI95%: 1,12 to 1,96). Conclusion: Almost half of the students had low levels of lumbar force. The girls, the adolescents with overweight and with excessive time in front of the screen most likely present low levels of lumbar force. The innovation of this study is  modifiable factors such as  the excessive time screen and overweight may be used to promote health  interventions to improve  levels of  lumbar strength of youth.Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência e fatores associados a baixos níveis de força lombar em adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos de idade.Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, com 909 adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos, estudantes de escolas públicas da cidade de São José, Santa Catarina – Brasil. Analisou-se a força lombar por meio do teste de extensão lombar proposto pela Canadian Physical Activity, Fitness and Lifestyle Approach (CPAFLA) que propõe pontos de corte distintos para os sexos. As variáveis independentes analisadas foram: sexo, idade, nível econômico, tempo de tela, atividade física, aptidão aeróbia e Indíce de Massa corporal. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a regressão logística binária com nível de significância de 5%.Resultados: A prevalência de baixos níveis de força lombar foi de 45,2%, sendo 36,2% para os meninos e 53,1% para as meninas. Os subgrupos populacionais com maiores chances de baixos níveis de força lombar foram o sexo feminino (OR: 1,99; IC95%: 1,52-2,60) e adolescentes com excesso de peso (OR: 1,48; IC95%: 1,12-1,96). Conclusão: Quase metade dos estudantes apresentaram baixos níveis de força lombar. As meninas e os adolescentes com excesso de peso estiveram mais propícios a ter baixos níveis de força lombar

Prevalence of excessive screen time and associated factors in a school from a city in the northeast of brazil

Introduction: Studies about screen time and its correlates are generally determined by the sum of the duration of several behaviours. Studies that analysed behaviours separately highlighted different correlates. Objective: Estimate the prevalence of excessive screen time, through watching television and using computers or video games, and its correlates, in students in a city in North-eastern Brazil. Methods: An investigation in a high school located in the city of Jequie, Bahia state, Brazil, with a sample of 1163 students between 14 and 20 years. The dependent variables were excessive time watching television and using computers or video games, and the independent ones were socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. The magnitude of the association was determined by the Odds Ratio (OR) and by 95% of con fi dence intervals (CI). Results: The prevalence of excessive time watching television was estimated at 32.8% (95% CI: 29.9% - 35.5%) and using computer/videogames was 27.3% (95%CI: 24.5% - 29.5%). Those who did not work (OR = 1.940; 95%CI: 1.365 - 2.758); those students whose mothers had less than eight years of schooling (OR = 1.324; 95%CI: 1.023 - 1.714); and who did not regularly eat vegetables (OR = 1.423; 95%CI: 1.082-1.871) were more likely to be exposed to excessive television. On the other hand, those who had not reached the minimum consumption of fruits (OR = 0.712; 95% CI: 0.245 - 0.929) showed lower odds. Female students (OR = 0.694; 95%CI: 0.528 - 0.912) and students with family income lower than two minimum wages (OR = 0.630; 95%CI: 0.474 - 0.838) had lower chances of exposure to excessive time using computer/video games, while the insufficiently active (OR = 0.631; 95% CI: 0.438 - 0.911) showed higher chances. Conclusions: About 1/3 of the students spent too much time in front of the television and computer/video games, with a different correlation relative to each of these behaviours

É tempo de cuidar das crianças e dos adolescentes brasileiros

Editorial - sem resumo

Comparison of three criteria for overweight and obesity classification in brazilian adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the nutritional status of adolescents using three criteria for nutritional status classification (Conde & Monteiro, International Obesity Task Force - IOTF and Word Health Organization - WHO), to analyze the correlation between these three criteria as for the overweight proportion, and to investigate whether factors associated with overweight and obesity differ among the three criteria. METHODS: Demographic (gender, age, geographic area) and anthropometric (body weight, height) variables were measured in 33.728 adolescents aged 11 to 17 years. The following criteria were investigated: IOTF (2000); Conde & Monteiro (2006); and WHO (2007). RESULTS: The overall overweight prevalence was 20.6% for the Conde & Monteiro criteria; 15.3% for the IOTF criteria and 20.1% for the WHO criteria. Both for boys and girls, the estimated overweight prevalence using the Conde & Monteiro and WHO criteria were higher than that using the IOTF criteria. Higher concordance was found between the Conde & Monteiro (2006) and WHO (2007) criteria for all age groups. Regarding associated factors, similar associations were found for the three criteria for higher BMI classification: being male, 11–12 and 13–14 years of age and living in the Midwestern, Southeastern and Southern regions of Brazil. CONCLUSION: The criteria for BMI classification estimate overweight prevalence in a different way, and the criteria proposed by Conde & Monteiro resulted in higher prevalence in both sexes. Higher concordance between the Conde & Monteiro and WHO criteria was found for all age groups. The groups most vulnerable to showing overweight and obesity for the three criteria for BMI classification were males, age 11–12 and 13–14 years, and living in the Midwestern, Southeastern and Southern regions of Brazil. Overweight and obesity are considered a public health problem prevalent among adolescents in Brazil, regardless of the criteria adopted

Television Time among Brazilian Adolescents: Correlated Factors are Different between Boys and Girls

Objective. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of excess television time and verify correlated factors in adolescent males and females. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 2,105 adolescents aged from 13 to 18 years from the city of Aracaju, Northeastern Brazil. Television time was self-reported, corresponding to the time spent watching television in a typical week. Several correlates were examined including age, skin color, socioeconomic status, parent education, physical activity level, consumption of fruits and vegetables, smoking status, alcohol use, and sports team participation. Results. The prevalence excess television time (≥2 hours/day) in girls and boys was 70.9% and 66.2%, respectively. Girls with low socioeconomic status or inadequate consumption of fruits and vegetables were more likely to have excess television time. Among boys, those &gt;16 years of age or with black skin color were more likely to have excess television time. Conclusions. Excess television time was observed in more than two-thirds of adolescents, being more evident in girls. Correlated factors differed according to sex. Efforts to reduce television time among Brazilian adolescents, and replace with more active pursuits, may yield desirable public health benefits

Impact of sexual maturation on upper and lower limb strength on adolescents

Estudos relacionados ao desempenho e à saúde, ao analisar parâmetros de força de membros superiores (FMMSS) e inferiores (FMMII), têm considerado a maturação biológica e sexual como uma das variáveis mais importantes na interpretação dos resultados, podendo o desempenho variar conforme o estágio maturacional. Sendo a menarca um marcador de maturação, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a FMMSS e FMMII em adolescentes que já apresentaram a menarca com aquelas que ainda não apresentaram. O estudo de delineamento transversal foi composto por 128 adolescentes de 11 a 14 anos, divididas em dois grupos: não maturadas (n=72) e maturadas (n=56). Para verificar a FMMSS, foi realizado o teste de preensão palmar por meio do dinamômetro manual. Já a FMMII foi verificada pelo teste de impulsão vertical. Para análise dos dados, foi usada a estatística descritiva e análise de covariância (ANCOVA), sendo as covariáveis desta análise a idade, peso corporal, estatura e IMC. Foi adotado um nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). A FMMSS diferiu entre as não maturadas (17,8±4,4) kg/f e as maturadas (21,5±3,9) kg/f (p<0,05). Entretanto, ao anular o efeito das variáveis antropométricas, esta diferença desapareceu. Em contrapartida, não houve diferença na FMMII entre os grupos (não maturadas = 23,7±6,7 cm; maturadas = 24,1±6,7 cm). A presença da menarca pode ser um dos eventos que provocou melhores desempenhos no teste de FMMSS, provavelmente, devido às variáveis antropométricas. No entanto, esta afirmação não pode ser inferida ao se analisar a FMMII. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: Biological and sexual maturation is one of the most important variables for the interpretation of the results of performance and health studies analyzing upper (ULS) and lower limb strength (LLS), with performance varying according to maturation stage. Since menarche is a marker of maturation, the aim of this study was to compare ULS and LLS between adolescents who already had their first menarche and those who did not. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 128 adolescents aged 11 to 14 years and divided into two groups: adolescents who did not report the presence of menarche (n=72), adolescents who reported menarche (n=56). ULS was evaluated by the hand grip test using a manual dynamometer. The vertical jump test was used for the evaluation of LLS. Descriptive statistics and covariance analysis (ANCOVA) were used for data analysis, with age, body weight, height and BMI as covariables. The level of significance was set at 5% (p<0.05). ULS differed between G1 (17.8±4.4 kg/f) and G2 (21.5±3.9 kg/f) (p<0.05). However, no difference in LLS was observed between groups (G1 = 23.7±6.7 cm; G2 = 24.1±6.7 cm). The presence of menarche might be one of the events improving the performance in the ULS test, but the same cannot be inferred when analyzing LLS