Protection of the sacred lands and culture of the Wixárika people : domestic and international legal perspective

During the last three decades the integral approach between human rights and environment has benefited world´s indigenous peoples´ role within the decision-making process at state level and international law. The evolution and development of international law towards legal personality of indigenous peoples has reinforced and reassured the awareness that for their cultural and environmental protection, their participation at all stages of the decision-making processes regarding their traditional lands and resources is mandatory. The mentioned before can be noted by analyzing the existent connections between the background, objectives and means of implementation, particularly, among the UN Human Rights Committee, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the ILO Convention No. 169, the Rio Summit follow-up activities, the American Convention on Human Rights, the Inter-American Commission and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. In the pursuit of the protection of its cultural heritage and biodiversity, Mexico has shown its compromise by amending its legal framework and ratifying said international human rights standards to protect these places and people that might be compromised by human activities. Nevertheless, also during the last thirty years the cultural integrity of a particular Mexican indigenous people – the Wixárika people - and the environmental protection of the area that contains its sacred sites – route of pilgrimage to Wirikuta - have been jeopardized. This work explores the paradigmatic nexus between conservation and development, since pursuing economic development, Mexico has granted mining concessions within the Wixárika people´s traditional lands without respecting and protecting their right to selfdetermination, free, prior and informed consent and benefit-sharing. In this regard, this master´s thesis discusses the international and regional commitments of human rights that shall be taken into account with the aim to respect and protect indigenous peoples´ rights, mainly those related to the use and enjoyment of its property and indigenous peoples´ right to culture in relation to the environment

Acoplamiento molecular in silico revela posibles sitios de unión entre Riluzol y el canal de sodio Nav1.6 implicaciones para la estrategia de diseño de fármacos en el síndrome de Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrofica

La Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa de evolución rápida, que causa debilidad, atrofia, parálisis y posibles daños respiratorios(1). Debido a su diagnóstico de degeneración de moto neuronas superiores, inferiores, corticales, bulbares y medulares (2). Los pacientes muestran una tasa de supervivencia aproximada de tres años tras el diagnóstico y hasta el presente es fatal debido a la insuficiencia respiratoria que resulta de ladebilidad muscular progresiva(3). Desde su descubrimiento en 1874(4) la Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrofia continua siendo un misterio patológico debido a que los investigadores han sidoincapaces de identificar de manera clara sus posibles causas, cura o tratamiento efectivo (5). Se han propuesto varios mecanismos que explican el origen de la enfermedad, el estrés oxidativo, la excitotoxicidad, la formación de agregados, la deficiencia del factor de crecimiento y la desorganización de los neurofilamentos(3), por lo cual se considera una enfermedad muy variable (6). Sin embargo, muchos estudios indican que la exitotoxicidad por glutamato es una de las causas más probables, debido a que las motoneuronas son en particular muy vulnerables a esta(7).Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease evolution quick, which causes weakness, atrophy, paralysis and possible respiratory damage. Because of his motorcycle degeneracy diagnosis of upper, lower, cortical neurons, bulbar and core. Patients show a survival rate of approximately three years after the diagnosis and to this is fatal due to respiratory failure resulting from progressive muscle weakness. Since its discovery in 1874 Lateral Sclerosis Atrophy disease remains a mystery because researchers have been unable to clearly identify its possible causes, cure or effective treatment (5). Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the origin of the disease, stress Oxidative, excitotoxicity, aggregate formation, factor deficiency growth and neurofilament disorganization and therefore is considered a very variable disease. However, many studies suggest that excitotoxicity by Glutamate is one of the most likely causes because motor neurons are particularly vulnerable to this Riluzole is a benzothiazole derivative.Biólogo (a)Pregrad

A Poisson basis theorem for symmetric algebras of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras

We consider when the symmetric algebra of an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra, equipped with the natural Poisson bracket, satisfies the ascending chain condition (ACC) on Poisson ideals. We define a combinatorial condition on a graded Lie algebra which we call Dicksonian because it is related to Dickson's lemma on finite subsets of $\mathbb N^k$. Our main result is: Theorem. If $\mathfrak g$ is a Dicksonian graded Lie algebra over a field of characteristic zero, then the symmetric algebra $S(\mathfrak g)$ satisfies the ACC on radical Poisson ideals. As an application, we establish this ACC for the symmetric algebra of any graded simple Lie algebra of polynomial growth, and for the symmetric algebra of the Virasoro algebra. We also derive some consequences connected to the Poisson primitive spectrum of finitely Poisson-generated algebras.Comment: 29 pages; comments welcome; v2 minor changes to introduction, submitte

Proceso de iniciación musical basado en el trabajo rítmico, organológico y apreciativo con niños de 1 a 9 años en el Liceo Moderno Grimbehy.

Este trabajo de grado consiste en elaborar una malla curricular musical específicamente para colegios en los cuales los recursos musicales son escasos o nulos en algunos casos. Esta malla curricular está enfocada expresamente al desarrollo y sensibilización musical en edades desde los 1 a los 9 años omitiendo por completo el uso de la teoría musical tradicional, esto con el fin de que los estudiantes puedan desarrollar por medio de sus propios recursos idiomáticos y el juego una musicalidad corporal e intelectual de manera natural. La malla curricular esta diseñada para abordar tres ámbitos esenciales los cuales son: ámbito corporal, ámbito intelectual y ámbito auditivo; para esto se elaboraron tres componentes a trabajar con los estudiantes los cuales son: Lenguaje-rítmico, organología contextual y apreciación musical, con un cuarto componente dedicado al uso de las gráficas y medios audiovisuales que sirve como apoyo a los componentes anteriores. Este cuarto componente también está relacionado al trabajo con estudiantes de inclusión especial con el fin de poder trabajar de manera general con todos los estudiantes o de manera específica con los estudiantes de inclusión.This degree work consists in developing a musical curricular mesh specifically for schools in which musical resources are scarce or null in some cases. This curricular mesh is expressly focused on the development and musical sensitization in ages from 1 to 9 years, omitting completely the use of traditional music theory, this in order that students can develop through their own language resources and the I play a corporal and intellectual musicality in a natural way. The curricular mesh is designed to address three essential areas which are: body, intellectual and auditory domain; For this three components were developed to work with the students, which are: Language-rhythmic, contextual organology and musical appreciation, with a fourth component dedicated to the use of graphics and audiovisual media that serves as support for the previous components. This fourth component is also related to working with students of special inclusion in order to be able to work in a general way with all students or specifically with inclusion students

Gestion des ressources humaines d'un service d'urgence en période épidémique

In France, the problem of overcrowding in Emergency Departments (ED) is particularly relevant today because of increasing admissions and budget restrictions in health establishments. Formally, overcrowding can be defined as a situation where the demand surpasses the service capacity. Studies that have dealt with ED overcrowding have mostly dealt with issues of patient flow management and resource management.Our work focuses on resource management and more particularly on the impact that human resources have on ED overcrowding. In the first part of the study, we formulate the capacity allocation problem in a generic form. As such, we examine the capacity management problem and derive interesting properties for a general demand distribution and a normal demand distribution. Then, we examine the cyclic shift scheduling problem as it exists in ED. This research allows us to examine different cyclic scheduling strategies and answer the question of whether lack of flexibility in the schedules has an impact on the waiting time of patients. We propose an original stochastic linear formulation for the problem that accounts for the non-stationary work demand. After that we evaluate two scheduling mechanisms to reduce overcrowding in EDs: on-call duties and overtime hours. We study the conditions under which these mechanisms can be beneficial. The on-call duties problem is modeled as a two-stage stochastic optimization problem and the overtime management problem as a Markov decision problem.Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet ANR HOST (Hôpital : Optimisation, Simulation et évitement des Tensions) qui vise à étudier et résoudre le problème de tension aux urgences hospitalières. Le projet cherche premièrement à définir rigoureusement la notion de tension et puis d'utiliser des outils mathématiques pour proposer des solutions qui prennent en compte la complexité du système de santé. Malgré la récurrence des phénomènes de tension, ils sont limités dans le temps et sollicitent par conséquent des solutions à court terme. La difficulté de trouver des solutions efficaces est principalement due à l'incertitude et au dynamisme caractéristique du service des urgences. D'une année à une autre, l'intensité de l'épidémie, et donc le nombre de patients se présentant aux urgences peut varier drastiquement. De plus, pour un même nombre de patients, il est difficile d'estimer correctement la charge de travail qu'il représente. L'objectif de cette thèse est donc de proposer des solutions stratégiques, tactiques et opérationnelles de gestion des ressources en prenant en compte les aléas caractéristiques des urgences. D'un point de vue stratégique nous étudions la distribution optimale de la capacité de travail sur une période épidémique. Ensuite, nous traitons le problème de confection des postes de travail journalier en fonction de la dynamique de la demande. Nous étudions également la possibilité d'affecter des postes d'astreinte aux médecins pendant les périodes épidémiques. Finalement, nous traitons le problème d'affectation des heures supplémentaires aux ressources dans un contexte plus opérationnel

A Family of Hybrid Space-Time Codes for MIMO Wireless Communications

Hybrid MIMO space-time codes combine the benefits of spatial multiplexing with diversity gain to achieve both high spectral efficiency and link reliability. In this paper, we present a family of hybrid codes, known as LD STBC-VBLAST codes, along with a receiver architecture suitable for low-complexity hardware implementation. We show that, under Rayleigh fading, the performance of LD STBC-VBLAST codes is superior to other recently proposed hybrid codes. We also present a technique to derive, from a given propagation scenario, spatially correlated MIMO channel models adequate for space-time coding performance analysis. Using this technique, we evaluate the performance of LD STBC-VBLAST codes under several correlated channels.ITESO, A.C.ITSONCINVESTAV-IPNPROME

Knowledge and Attitudes towards Palliative Care : Validation of the Spanish Version of Questionnaire on Palliative Care for Advanced Dementia

Background: Palliative care is essential in the care of people with advanced dementia, due to the increasing number of patients requiring care in the final stages of life. Nurses need to acquire specific knowledge and skills to provide quality palliative care. The questionnaire on Palliative Care for Advanced Dementia (qPAD) is useful for assessing knowledge and attitudes toward palliative care, but its adaptation to the Spanish language and analysis of its effectiveness and usefulness for the Spanish culture is lacking. Objective: To report on the Spanish language adaptation and psychometric analysis of the qPAD. Methods: The Questionnaire on Palliative Care for Advanced Dementia Spanish version (qPAD-SV) was obtained from a process that included translation, back-translation, comparison with other language versions, expert review, and pilot study. Content validity, criterion validity, and reliability of the questionnaire were analyzed. The difficulty and discrimination indices of items composing the knowledge subscale were also calculated. Results: Adequate content validity index obtained after the analysis of qPAD-SV by a heterogeneous group of experts was found (overall CVI = 0.96; 0.95 for the Knowledge subscale and 0.99 for the Attitudes subscale). Significant correlations with the Palliative Care Knowledge test (rho = 0.368, p < 0.001) and Self-Efficacy in Palliative Care Scale (rho = 0.621, p < 0.001) show an adequate criterion validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the Knowledge subscale (0.60) and the Attitudes subscale (0.91) supported the reliability of the qPAD-SV. The questionnaire had an overall difficulty index of 0.71, with three items that could be considered difficult or very difficult, and eleven items that could be considered very easy. Discussion: Although it shows internal consistency, validity, and difficulty indices similar to those obtained by qPAD versions in other languages, a reformulation of the items with lower content validity or discrimination indices and those that show difficulties in their comprehension is an aspect to be taken into account to improve this tool. Conclusions: The qPAD-SV is a useful instrument in Spanish to measure the knowledge of Spanish nurses in palliative care and is suitable for international comparisons

Digital transformation in the care services of the ese hospital Isabel Celis Yáñez in the municipality of Playa de Belén, Norte De Santander, Colombia

El propósito de esta investigación fue diseñar las estrategias de transformación digital en los servicios asistenciales de la ESE Hospital Isabel Celis Yáñez del municipio de La Playa de Belén, Norte de Santander en Colombia. Se tomó como objeto de estudio una muestra de 46 funcionarios de las áreas gerenciales, administrativas, asistenciales del hospital, utilizando un muestreo probabilístico para población finita estratificado. Se aplicó el cuestionario de transformación digital empresarial del Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones de Colombia MinTIC elaborado por la firma Tecnalía; donde se valoró los habilitadores tecnológicos y la cultura digital en los servicios sanitarios prestados por el hospital e identificar los retos de digitalización de sus procesos claves. Dentro de los hallazgos se evidencia el bajo nivel tecnológico utilizado para la prestación de servicios asistenciales y gestión administrativa, dado a que la atención del centro hospitalario es de atención primaria, categorizado de baja complejidad, lo que hace que no cuente con un presupuesto oneroso para inversión tecnológica. Esto permite inferir qué, aunque la institución de salud ha implementado algunos desarrollos tecnológicos, existe una amplia brecha digital asociada a la poca automatización en los servicios asistenciales. Por otra parte, la cultura digital del talento humano se encuentra impulsándose para generar cambios en el paradigma de las competencias del uso de herramientas TIC en las funciones misionales del hospital. De acuerdo a ello, se proponen estrategias de inversión para la compra de un sistema de planificación de recursos empresariales ERP, junto con el recambio tecnológico de equipos y dispositivos médicos para mejorar la eficiencia en la gestión gerencial y de servicios. A su vez, se diseñó el plan periódico de capacitación y formación en transformación digital.Universidad Libre -- Facultad de Ingenierías - Especialización en Alta GerenciaThe purpose of this research was to design digital transformation strategies in the healthcare services of the ESE Hospital Isabel Celis Yáñez in the municipality of La Playa de Belén, Norte de Santander in Colombia. A sample of 46 officials from the managerial, administrative, and healthcare areas of the hospital was taken as the object of study, using a probabilistic sampling for a stratified finite population. The business digital transformation questionnaire of the Ministerio de Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones of Colombia MinTIC prepared by the firm Tecnalía was applied; where the technological enablers and digital culture in the health services provided by the hospital were valued and the challenges of digitalization of its key processes were identified. Among the findings, the low technological level used for the provision of care services and administrative management is evident, given that the hospital care is primary care, categorized as low complexity, which means that it does not have an onerous budget for technological investment. This allows us to infer that, although the health institution has implemented some technological developments, there is a wide digital gap associated with little automation in healthcare services. On the other hand, the digital culture of human talent is being promoted to generate changes in the paradigm of competencies in the use of ICT tools in the missionary functions of the hospital. Accordingly, investment strategies are proposed for the purchase of an ERP enterprise resource planning system, together with the technological replacement of medical equipment and devices to improve efficiency in management and service management. In turn, the periodic training and training plan in digital transformation was designed

Implementación de buenas prácticas agrícolas (BPA Resolución N° 30021 del 28 de abril del 2017) para reducir el impacto socio ambiental, en la producción de cacao en 10 fincas de productores de Cacao de Paccelli (Asoprocap) del municipio de Tibú, Norte de Santander.

Acta de compromiso, caracterización de linea base, plan de acción, análisis de suelos, plan de fertilización, caracterización final.En el mercado nacional los pequeños productores de cacao tienen dificultades debido a que se presentan fluctuaciones propias de un mercado restringido, donde se tienen pocas opciones de comercialización, los precios son bajos y oscilantes y la mano de obra es poco valorada. Por la anterior se hace necesaria la implementación de alternativas que hagan viable la producción cacaotera en la región Norte Santandereana y en el país, para lo cual es preciso gestionar e implementar la certificación en un sello verde que permita la exportación y garantice mejores precios y estabilidad para las familias que comercializan el producto. El objetivo de este proyecto es capacitar en la adecuación de las fincas para la implementación del proceso de certificación en Buenas Prácticas Agrícolas (BPA RESOLUCIÓN N° 30021 DEL 28 DE ABRIL DEL 2017) para así lograr competitividad con volúmenes de producción. La certificación que se propuso con el proyecto contribuyo esencialmente no solo a la toma de conciencia sobre la importancia de un manejo racional y sostenible del medio ambiente sino a la puesta en práctica de actividades que hagan realidad este tipo de manejo; de igual forma, se buscó dar cabal cumplimiento a las normas laborales, incentivando de esta manera, el respeto y dignificación del trabajador rural. Esta certificación permitirá que los productores tengan acceso a un valor agregado sobre el precio de mercado y la obtención de un reconocimiento internacional.In the national market, small cocoa producers have difficulties due to fluctuations characteristic of a restricted market, where there are few marketing options, prices are low and fluctuating and labor is poorly valued. For the previous one, it is necessary to implement alternatives that make viable the cocoa production in the Norte Santandereana region and in the country, for which it is necessary to manage and implement the certification in a green seal that allows the export and guarantees better prices and stability for families that market the product. The objective of this project is to train in the adaptation of the farms for the implementation of the certification process in the good agricultural practices, in order to achieve competitiveness with production volumes. The certification proposed with the project will contribute essentially not only to the awareness of the importance of a rational and sustainable management of the environment, but also to the implementation of activities that make this type of management a reality; In the same way, it is sought that the labor norms are fully complied with, thus encouraging the respect and dignification of the rural worker. This certification will allow producers to have access to an added value over the market price and obtain international recognition

Diseño de un sistema de organización y distribución física de inventarios PVC Gerfor

La necesidad de una organización y manejo de inventarios en cualquier bodega es muy importante para su mejoramiento continuo; por lo tanto toda bodega debe contar con un sistema de marcación en sus respectivos almacenes para un mejor rendimiento en las operaciones logísticas diarias y mejores resultados en sus inventarios. Esto implica una estructura en la organización para el buen manejo en la logística y la cadena de suministro. Colocar en la empresa a las personas responsables de las actividades logísticas de manera que favorezca la eficiencia en la organización mediante la creación de el manual de funciones y procedimientos que garantiza el buen funcionamiento en el suministro y en la distribución de bienes y servicios mediante el estimulo de la compensación de costos, que a menudo se encuentra al planear y operar el sistema de la logística. Con estos cambios lo que se busca es una integración de todas las actividades logísticas con el propósito de una respuesta rápida y la reducción de tiempo que requiere una coordinación precisa en la logística integrada