Effect of Casting Form Variability on Machining Fixturing Error

Many castings are eventually machined to create additional /ea/I/res or tighter tolerances that are beyond the capabilities of the casting process. To accomplish this machining, the castings must be /neared in a fix/ti re. Surface errors on the casting will cause the position and orientation of the casting to be offset from the nominal. This could result in problems, since the cutting roof is often programmed with respect to the fixture

Atmospheric ammonia, acid gas and aerosol monitoring in Northern Ireland. Year 1: March 2019 - February 2020

ALPHA® and DELTA® network A new network of 25 ammonia (NH3) monitoring sites implementing the UKCEH ALPHA® method (ALPHA® network) and 4 reactive gases and aerosols monitoring sites implementing the UKCEH DELTA® method (DELTA® network) was established in spring 2019 across Northern Ireland. The ALPHA® sites were selected to provide representative coverage of i) the range of modelled concentrations from FRAME (using the most recent 5 km NH3 emissions data for 2016), (ii) each of seven major dominant emission source classifications: cattle (beef and dairy), pigs & poultry, sheep, mixed, non-agricultural, fertiliser and background (very low emission density, < 1 kg N ha-1 yr-1), and (iii) spatial coverage across Northern Ireland. The aims of the measurements are to (i) explore spatial and temporal patterns in NH3 concentrations, (ii) compare results with the FRAME atmospheric transport model and for verification of UK NAEI emissions inventory and FRAME model, (iii) monitor and assess relationship between NH3 and interacting gases (HNO3, SO2) and inorganic particulate phase composition. Measurement data over the same period from existing UK long-term national network sites (Coleraine, Hillsborough, Lough Navar), and from the Ballynahone Bog project in Northern Ireland are also included in the report, to complement the network data. All measurements are made through monthly time-integrated sampling, which is cost-efficient for providing annual means while permitting detection of seasonal trends in the data. The first measurements in the ALPHA® and DELTA® networks started in early March 2019. The first full year of ratified monthly ALPHA® and DELTA® data for the period March 2019 – February 2020 are presented in this report. Calibration of ALPHA® NH3 data An annual field calibrated ALPHA® uptake rate is derived for each calendar year from the regression of passive ALPHA® versus active DELTA® measurements at nine inter-comparison sites in the UK National Ammonia Monitoring Network. The calibration is usually carried out in April each year, based on a full year of data from the preceding year. The updated uptake rate is then applied retrospectively to ALPHA® data for the year of calibration. Calibrated uptake rates derived from the UK national network are applied to the Northern Ireland ALPHA® network data. These were 0.0031665 m3 h-1 and 0.0031277 m3 h-1, for 2019 and 2020, respectively. At AFBI25 Hillsborough, ALPHA® and DELTA® measurement are co-located with parallel measurements

AD51B in Familial Breast Cancer

Common variation on 14q24.1, close to RAD51B, has been associated with breast cancer: rs999737 and rs2588809 with the risk of female breast cancer and rs1314913 with the risk of male breast cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of RAD51B variants in breast cancer predisposition, particularly in the context of familial breast cancer in Finland. We sequenced the coding region of RAD51B in 168 Finnish breast cancer patients from the Helsinki region for identification of possible recurrent founder mutations. In addition, we studied the known rs999737, rs2588809, and rs1314913 SNPs and RAD51B haplotypes in 44,791 breast cancer cases and 43,583 controls from 40 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) that were genotyped on a custom chip (iCOGS). We identified one putatively pathogenic missense mutation c.541C&gt;T among the Finnish cancer patients and subsequently genotyped the mutation in additional breast cancer cases (n = 5259) and population controls (n = 3586) from Finland and Belarus. No significant association with breast cancer risk was seen in the meta-analysis of the Finnish datasets or in the large BCAC dataset. The association with previously identified risk variants rs999737, rs2588809, and rs1314913 was replicated among all breast cancer cases and also among familial cases in the BCAC dataset. The most significant association was observed for the haplotype carrying the risk-alleles of all the three SNPs both among all cases (odds ratio (OR): 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.19, P = 8.88 x 10−16) and among familial cases (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.16–1.32, P = 6.19 x 10−11), compared to the haplotype with the respective protective alleles. Our results suggest that loss-of-function mutations in RAD51B are rare, but common variation at the RAD51B region is significantly associated with familial breast cancer risk

Effect of Casting Form Variability on Machining Fixturing Error

Many castings are eventually machined to create additional /ea/I/res or tighter tolerances that are beyond the capabilities of the casting process. To accomplish this machining, the castings must be /neared in a fix/ti re. Surface errors on the casting will cause the position and orientation of the casting to be offset from the nominal. This could result in problems, since the cutting roof is often programmed with respect to the fixture.This is an article from AFS Transactions 106 (1998): 659. Posted with permission</p

Correspondence with E.J. Salisbury

April 1935, January 1939 - November 1955. 36 letters and note