All India Coordinated Research Project on Management of Salt Affected Soils and Use of Saline Water in Agriculture

Compilation report by different AICRP center of 2008-2010This Biennial report contains the Research results for 2008-2010 at twelve centers including 4 volunteer centers covering arid, semi arid, irrigated rainfed and coastal ecosystems.The eight centres of AICRP located in various agro-ecological settings besides independently working on location specific problems also act as outreach network centres of CSSRI. It is satisfying that soil and ground water characterisation studies being undertaken in different states are being synthesized to produce soil and ground water quality maps and to finalize new criteria and guidelines for their use. Experiments on conjunctive use of alkali and canal waters, use of poor quality waters using FYM and gypsum as amendments, testing and assessment of improved irrigation methods for different crops and cropping systems, management of heavy textured soils under irrigated and rain fed environment, use of agro-chemicals to minimize alkalinity hazards, status of fluoride and nitrate in ground water and impact of saline water on groundwater quality, soil properties and crop performance have given new insights into the problems and led to improved technologies.ICA

All India Coordinated Research Project Management of Salt Affected Soils and Use of Saline Water in Agriculture

Compilation of research results for 2012-14This biennial report contains the research results for 2014-16 at 12 research centers including 4 volunteer centers covering arid, semiarid, irrigated, rain fed and coastal Eco-systems. that soil and ground water characteristic studies being undertaken in different states are being synthesized to produce soil and ground water quality maps and to finalize new criteria and guidelines for their use.ICA

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Not AvailableWater, a unique resource on the planet earth, is essential for sustaining all forms of life, food production, economic development, and for general well being of the life on the planet. The importance of water could be gauged from the fact that while looking for life on other planets, presence of water is first examined as an indicator of the presence of life on the planet. Although our earth is called the ‘Blue Planet’ as 70% of the earth is covered by water, yet only 2.5% of the world’s water is fresh, while 97.5% is saline being oceans. Of this small percentage of freshwater, only 0.3% is available in rivers, lakes and reservoirs, 30% is ground water, while the rest is stored in distant glaciers, ice sheets, mountainous areas and places that we can hardly access. Civilizations have been developed along the rivers. Yet, it would not be an exaggeration of the fact that civilizations doomed not because the water was not available but because the water was misused resulting in unsustainable use of the resource. Current example is the Aral Sea Basin, where large-scale mismanagement of water has played havoc on agriculture, environment and the life. Water has always been scarce and people by habit have been mismanaging the resource resulting in wastage and severe pollution of the water bodies. If it had not been so then - Rahim ji would not have said "Rahiman pani rakhiye, bin Pani sab soon, Pani gaye na ubre, moti, manush chun". Lord Krishna as revealed through the Episode on 'Kaliya Mardan' tried to sensitize the people on pollution of surface water bodies. Our elders, even today, ask their children to throw some coins in the river/water resource as a copper coin would help to purify the water as well as sensitize the child towards upkeep of the precious resource. The practice has become a mere ritual today because people throw any coin that is available in their pockets and not a copper coin, which is a water purifying metal.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableOut of total world crop land of 1500 m ha, 1110 m ha is rain fed while only 390 m ha is irrigated. It has been reported that the globally human-induced salinisation is to an extent of 76.6 million ha (21.2 m ha strong, 20.8 m ha moderate and 34.6 m ha slightly salinized). This area is distributed with 52.7 m ha in Asia (69%), 14.8 m ha in Africa (19%) and 3.8 m ha in Europe (5%). A total of 31.2 m ha can be attributed to secondary salinisation of non-irrigated and 45.4 m ha in irrigated areas (Table 1). In terms of percent of the irrigated land, the area varies from 9% to about 34%. As per the above estimate nearly 67.5 % of the water logged salt affected lands are in Asia and Africa impacting the food grains production to a large extent.Not Availabl

HENVINET. Evaluation questionnaire - causal chain for nanoparticles.

The HENVINET consortium has developed a questionnaire to identify knowledge gaps in the state of the art in scientific knowledge. Literature reviews covered all elements that compose the causal chain of the different environmental health issues from emissions to exposures, to effects and to health impacts. Ultimately, the aim is to discuss the implications of these for policy and research. In this evaluation we focus on effect of nanoparticles on various environmental processes and their impact on human health. The questionnaire consists of two separate parts. In Part A, you will be asked to comment on the completeness and structure of a diagram illustrating our current understanding of the cause-effect relationship of intentional and unintentional nanoparticles on environment and their subsequent impact on human health. In Part B, you will be asked to express your level of confidence in scientists' ability to predict the magnitude of a disease burden that is expected to occeur as a result of release of nanoparticles in the environment

A Review of Strategic Process Research

This article reviews research on the process of strategic management reported over the last six years in seven leading journals. Nine "streams" of work are identified and critiqued. The field is described as giving continuing attention to the possibilities and problems of strategic planning and decision making, but also moving into new areas of research - especially the problem of how the attention of decision makers is directed toward specific agendas for action. We recommend more studies that simultaneously consider strategy formulation and implementation and more studies that attempt to integrate methods and concerns across the various areas of process research. Finally, we recommend that future research give simultaneous attention to the content as well as the process of strategy

Centrality, rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of J/\u3c8 suppression in Pb-Pb collisions at 1asNN= 2.76TeV

The inclusive J/.nuclear modification factor (R-AA) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76TeVhas been measured by ALICE as a function of centrality in the e+ e-decay channel at mid-rapidity (| y| < 0.8) and as a function of centrality, transverse momentum and rapidity in the + -decay channel at forward-rapidity (2.5 < y < 4). The J/.yields measured in Pb-Pb are suppressed compared to those in ppcollisions scaled by the number of binary collisions. The RAAintegrated over a centrality range corresponding to 90% of the inelastic Pb-Pb cross section is 0.72 - 0.06(stat.) - 0.10(syst.) at mid-rapidity and 0.58 - 0.01(stat.) - 0.09(syst.) at forward-rapidity. At low transverse momentum, significantly larger values of RAAare measured at forward-rapidity compared to measurements at lower energy. These features suggest that a contribution to the J/.yield originates from charm quark (re) combination in the deconfined partonic medium

Measurement of jet quenching with semi-inclusive hadron-jet distributions in central Pb-Pb collisions at √sNN = 2.76 TeV

We report the measurement of a new observable of jet quenching in central Pb-Pb collisions at â\u88\u9asNN = 2.76 TeV, based on the semi-inclusive rate of charged jets recoiling from a high transverse momentum (high-pT) charged hadron trigger. Jets are measured using collinear-safe jet reconstruction with infrared cutoff for jet constituents of 0.15 GeV, for jet resolution parameters R = 0.2, 0.4 and 0.5. Underlying event background is corrected at the event-ensemble level, without imposing bias on the jet population. Recoil jet spectra are reported in the range 20 T,jetch < 100 GeV. Reference distributions for pp collisions at â\u88\u9as = 2.76TeV are calculated using Monte Carlo and NLO pQCD methods, which are validated by comparing with measurements in pp collisions at â\u88\u9as = 7TeV. The recoil jet yield in central Pb-Pb collisions is found to be suppressed relative to that in pp collisions. No significant medium-induced broadening of the intra-jet energy profile is observed within 0.5 radians relative to the recoil jet axis. The angular distribution of the recoil jet yield relative to the trigger axis is found to be similar in central Pb-Pb and pp collisions, with no significant medium-induced acoplanarity observed. Large-angle jet deflection, which may provide a direct probe of the nature of the quasi-particles in hot QCD matter, is explored