Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Contribuição para o diagnóstico e o tratamento das fístulas arteriovenosas pulmonares após a operação de Glenn bidirecional Contribution to the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae after a bidirectional Glenn operation

OBJETIVO: Determinar a incidência de fístulas arteriovenosas pulmonares (FAVPs) pós-operação de Glenn bidirecional; as possíveis variáveis independentes que poderiam influenciar no seu aparecimento; comprovar o uso do ecocardiograma contrastado com microbolhas na sua detecção; e testar a sensibilidade e especificidade da angiografia pulmonar. MÉTODOS: Operados 59 pacientes, entre março 1990 e dezembro 1995, com idades entre 2 e 132 meses (média 32,7&plusmn;33,6). Todos submetidos a exames clínico, laboratorial, ecocardiograma contrastado com microbolhas e cateterismo cardíaco. RESULTADOS: Nos 54 pacientes sobreviventes as FAVPs ocorreram em 20 (37,0%). A idade desses pacientes variou de 2 a 132 meses (média 29,6&plusmn; 29,7). A atresia tricúspide em 10 (50,0%) e o coração univentricular em 8 (40,0%), foram as cardiopatias prevalentes. Em 13 (65%) a operação de Glenn bidirecional foi realizada à direita, em 2 (10,%), à esquerda e em 5 (25%) foi bicaval. O tempo de seguimento dos pacientes FAVPs, variou de 4 a 84 meses (média 32,4&plusmn;21,65), e nos sem fístulas de 1 a 77 meses (média de 23,4&plusmn;18,8), com valor de p=0,04, com significância estatística. O diagnóstico de FAVPs foi feito pelo ecocardiograma contrastado com microbolhas nos 20 casos, sendo considerado positivo, ao se detectar retorno de microbolhas pelas veias pulmonares. A angiografia pulmonar mostrou alterações compatíveis com FAVPs em 16, demonstrando sensibilidade de 80%. CONCLUSÃO: A incidência de FAVPs pós-operação de Glenn bidirecional foi alta (37%), e o intervalo de tempo decorrido após a operação de Glenn bidirecional, foi a única variável independente que se correlacionou de forma significativa com o aparecimento das FAVPs (p=0,04); o ecocardiograma com microbolhas foi o método padrão de diagnóstico; a angiografia pulmonar se revelou um método com sensibilidade de 80,0%.<br>OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae (PAVFs) after the bidirectional Glenn operation and the possible independent variables that could influence their appearance; to confirm the use of microbubble contrast echocardiography for the detection of PAVFs; and to test the sensitivity and specificity of pulmonary angiography. METHODS: From March 1990 to December 1995, 59 patients were operated upon. Their ages ranged from 2 to 132 months (mean, 32.7± 33.6). All underwent clinical and laboratory examinations, microbubble contrast echocardiography, and cardiac catheterization. RESULTS: Of the 54 survivors, 20 (37.0%) had PAVFs. The ages ranged from 2 to 132 months (mean, 29.6±29.7). In 13 (65%) patients, the bidirectional Glenn operation was performed on the right-hand side; in 2 (10.0%) patients, on the left-hand side; and in 5 (25%) patients, it was bicaval. The follow-up of the patients with PAVFs ranged from 4 to 84 months (mean, 32.4±21.65), and that of the patients without fistulae ranged from 1 to 77 months (mean, 23.4±18.8), with statistical significance (P=0.04). The PAVFs were diagnosed by use of microbubble contrast echocardiography in 20 cases; the examination was considered positive when return of microbubbles through the pulmonary veins was detected. PAVFs were observed in the right lung in 9 (45%) patients, in the left lung in 3 (15%) patients, and in both lungs in 8 (40%) patients. The pulmonary angiography showed alterations compatible with PAVFs in 16 patients, with a sensitivity of 80%. CONCLUSION: The incidence of PAVFs after the bidirectional Glenn operation was high (37%). The time interval elapsed after the bidirectional Glenn operation was the only independent variable that significantly correlated with the appearance of PAVFs (P=0.04). Microbubble contrast echocardiography was the standard diagnostic method. The pulmonary angiography showed a sensitivity of 80.0%

Variáveis Doppler-ecocardiográficas e o tipo de cirurgia a ser realizada na regurgitação valvar mitral reumática

OBJETIVO: Identificar variáveis Doppler-ecocardiográficas associadas ao tipo de cirurgia realizada na regurgitação mitral reumática e determinar a relação entre essas variáveis e resultados da plastia em médio prazo. MÉTODOS: Analisaram-se variáveis Doppler-ecocardiográficas em 68 pacientes com regurgitação mitral reumática grave no dia prévio à cirurgia, que foram divididos, segundo a cirurgia realizada, em grupo-plastia e grupo-troca. Grupo-plastia submeteu-se também a Doppler-ecocardiograma antes da alta hospitalar e seis meses após. Compararam-se variáveis Doppler-ecocardiográficas do exame pré-operatório ao tipo de cirurgia e grau de regurgitação detectado seis meses após. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram iguais nas características demográficas e função ventricular. O grupo-troca apresentou área mitral menor (p = 0.001). Na análise univariada as variáveis associadas à troca foram restrição da mobilidade dos folhetos anterior (p = 0.01) e posterior (p = 0.01), calcificação do folheto anterior (p = 0.01) e fusão de cordoalha (p = 0.018). Restrição da mobilidade do folheto anterior e área permaneceram como determinantes independentes de implante protético pós-análise multivariada. Dos 7 pacientes com regurgitação mitral maior que discreta, detectada 6 meses após plastia, 6 mostraram antes da cirurgia restrição da mobilidade do folheto anterior e 4, fusão de cordoalha. CONCLUSÃO: Probabilidade de troca valvar é 3,8 vezes maior quando presente restrição da mobilidade do folheto anterior da valva mitral e 2,2 vezes maior para cada 0,5 cm² de redução da área mitral. Restrição da mobilidade do folheto anterior e fusão de cordoalha estão associadas à regurgitação maior que discreta, observada 6 meses após plastia

VIII Congresso Estadual Paulista sobre Formação de Educadores

O tema proposto para discussão durante o VIII Congresso Estadual Paulista sobre a Formação de Educadores – Modos de ser Educador: Artes e Técnicas – Ciências e Políticas envolve a busca de integração entre as diferentes dimensões que compõem a formação do profissional da educação. O trabalho e o sentido da intervenção social desse profissional se constituem em objeto em torno do qual as análises e interpretações vão recolher os fundamentos de debate sobre cultura como totalidade, incluindo: Artes e Técnicas – Ciências e Políticas. A dinâmica que caracteriza a formação de educadores requer a interpretaçãodesses fundamentos para o constante redimensionamento e definição dos objetivos visando aperfeiçoar o papel do profissional educador na sociedade. Por meio de discussões entrediferentes setores ligados à educação é que podem ser avaliados, preservados ou transformados os móveis que norteiam a formação do educador dentro de contextos culturais/sociais específicos, nos diversos campos, artes, técnicas, ciências e políticas. A disponibilidade de um espaço como o VIII Congresso Estadual Paulista sobre a Formação de Educadores para que estudiosos do tema - Educação - se congreguem e debatam a produção de conhecimento sob diversos ângulos, insere e qualifica esse evento como um processo de contribuição para o aprofundamento de estudos na área educacional. Os Congressos Estaduais Paulistas sobre a Formação de Educadores (CEPFE) vêm acontecendo desde 1990 e têm dedicado ênfase especial à formação de profissionais da educação, nos níveis de ensino fundamental, médio e universitário. Tal conformação do Congresso procura extrapolar questões próprias do padrão formal, para a abordagem de formação do profissional da educação embasada na crítica constante, capaz de dinamizar processos e resultados. Essa pretensão ressalta a importância do envolvimento de diferentes áreas do saber numa discussão sobre significados da produção de conhecimento. Daí poderão provir os resultados esperados a partir das atividades programadas para o VIII Congresso dentre os quais está esse caderno de resumos que ora apresentamos.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq