La delincuencia juvenil: elementos básicos para su análisis en Castilla y León y el papel del Trabajador Social

Este Trabajo pretende ser una guía para aquel profesional de Trabajo Social que tiene un desconocimiento sobre el sector de la delincuencia y pretenda desarrollar su ejercicio profesional dentro de la problemática de la delincuencia juvenil. Tendrá a su disposición una fundamentación teórica, un marco donde pueda consultar los principales conceptos relacionados que le ayudarán a comprender mejor el fenómeno, sus causas y las formas de delito con las que se va a encontrar. Además conocerá los principales sistemas con los que va a trabajar pudiendo realizar sus funciones en el de Justicia o Servicios Sociales, por ejemplo. La investigación arroja unas características específicas sobre el menor, lo que nos permite construir un perfil con unas variables sociodemográficas, unas problemáticas sociales y familiares y la tipología delictiva más frecuente en el contexto de Castilla y León. Por lo tanto, el profesional tendrá claro, además de los conceptos básicos y la situación de la delincuencia en la Comunidad de Castilla y León, el papel específico que le corresponde como Trabajador Social dentro de algunas de las instituciones de intervención. Se describen cuáles son las funciones del Trabajador Social en la actualidad e intentamos ir más allá proponiendo algunas estrategias de prevención de conductas delictivas en menores.Grado en Trabajo Socia

Bayesian variable selection and survival modeling: assessing the Most important comorbidities that impact lung and colorectal cancer survival in Spain

ancer survival represents one of the main indicators of interest in cancer epidemiology. However, the survival of cancer patients can be affected by several factors, such as comorbidities, that may interact with the cancer biology. Moreover, it is interesting to understand how different cancer sites and tumour stages are affected by different comorbidities. Identifying the comorbidities that affect cancer survival is thus of interest as it can be used to identify factors driving the survival of cancer patients. This information can also be used to identify vulnerable groups of patients with comorbidities that may lead to worst prognosis of cancer. We address these questions and propose a principled selection and evaluation of the effect of comorbidities on the overall survival of cancer patients. In the first step, we apply a Bayesian variable selection method that can be used to identify the comorbidities that predict overall survival. In the second step, we build a general Bayesian survival model that accounts for time-varying effects. In the third step, we derive several posterior predictive measures to quantify the effect of individual comorbidities on the population overall survival. We present applications to data on lung and colorectal cancers from two Spanish population-based cancer registries. The proposed methodology is implemented with a combination of the R-packages mombf and rstan. We provide the code for reproducibility at https://github.com/migariane/BayesVarImpComorbiCancer

Water renewal in semi-enclosed basins: A high resolution Lagrangian approach with application to the Bay of Algeciras, Strait of Gibraltar

Lagrangian experiments of particle tracking were carried out in the semi-enclosed Bay of Algeciras attached to the Strait of Gibraltar in order to investigate the flushing patterns. A high resolution three-domain-nested hydrodynamic model provided the velocity fields from a 61-d hindcast, with the aim of analyzing the flushing efficiency of eight different docks under a variety of external conditions, namely, tide phase and strength, and winds. The tracking algorithm was specifically developed to exploit the high spatial resolution of the model that reproduces the local dynamics accurately. Winds are the dominant agent, with westerlies featuring e-folding times one order of magnitude lower than easterlies. Fortnightly tidal modulation causes a counter-intuitive effect, with spring tides promoting higher accumulation of particles inside the docks and higher e-folding times than neap tides. Additionally to high resolution details on the flushing patterns of the Algeciras Port, the model also confirms the Bay as a potential feeder of floating tracers for the nearby Alboran Sea. The proposed approach is easily scalable and exportable to other similar locations worldwide

Formación del alumnado de la Facultad de Educación en el diseño de recursos de educación sexual basados en las TIC. Segunda parte: puesta en práctica y evaluación de estrategias educativas

Memoria ID-0030. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2016-2017

Transcytosis of Bacillus subtilis extracellular vesicles through an in vitro intestinal epithelial cell model

Bacterial EVs have been related to inter-kingdom communication between probiotic/pathogenic bacteria and their hosts. Our aim was to investigate the transcytosis process of B. subtilis EVs using an in vitro intestinal epithelial cell model. In this study, using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, we report that uptake and internalization of CFSE-labeled B. subtilis EVs (115 nm ± 27 nm) by Caco-2 cells are time-dependent. To study the transcytosis process we used a transwell system and EVs were quantified in the lower chamber by Fluorescence and Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis measurements. Intact EVs are transported across a polarized cell monolayer at 60–120 min and increased after 240 min with an estimated average uptake efficiency of 30% and this process is dose-dependent. EVs movement into intestinal epithelial cells was mainly through Z axis and scarcely on X and Y axis. This work demonstrates that EVs could be transported across the gastrointestinal epithelium. We speculate this mechanism could be the first step allowing EVs to reach the bloodstream for further delivery up to extraintestinal tissues and organs. The expression and further encapsulation of bioactive molecules into natural nanoparticles produced by probiotic bacteria could have practical implications in food, nutraceuticals and clinical therapies.Fil: Domínguez Rubio, Ana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, María Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Palavecino Ruiz, Marcos Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Fuentes, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez López, Christian Miquel. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Marcilla, Antonio. Universidad de Valencia; EspañaFil: Perez, Oscar Edgardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Piuri, Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin

Biocompatible and Thermoresistant Hydrogels Based on Collagen and Chitosan

Hydrogels are considered good biomaterials for soft tissue regeneration. In this sense, collagen is the most used raw material to develop hydrogels, due to its high biocompatibility. However, its low mechanical resistance, thermal stability and pH instability have generated the need to look for alternatives to its use. In this sense, the combination of collagen with another raw material (i.e., polysaccharides) can improve the final properties of hydrogels. For this reason, the main objective of this work was the development of hydrogels based on collagen and chitosan. The mechanical, thermal and microstructural properties of the hydrogels formed with different ratios of collagen/chitosan (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 0/100) were evaluated after being processed by two variants of a protocol consisting in two stages: a pH change towards pH 7 and a temperature drop towards 4 °C. The main results showed that depending on the protocol, the physicochemical and microstructural properties of the hybrid hydrogels were similar to the unitary system depending on the stage carried out in first place, obtaining FTIR peaks with similar intensity or a more porous structure when chitosan was first gelled, instead of collagen. As a conclusion, the synergy between collagen and chitosan improved the properties of the hydrogels, showing good thermomechanical properties and cell viability to be used as potential biomaterials for Tissue Engineering.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación RTI2018-097100-B-C2

Bayesian variable selection and survival modeling: assessing the Most important comorbidities that impact lung and colorectal cancer survival in Spain.

Cancer survival represents one of the main indicators of interest in cancer epidemiology. However, the survival of cancer patients can be affected by several factors, such as comorbidities, that may interact with the cancer biology. Moreover, it is interesting to understand how different cancer sites and tumour stages are affected by different comorbidities. Identifying the comorbidities that affect cancer survival is thus of interest as it can be used to identify factors driving the survival of cancer patients. This information can also be used to identify vulnerable groups of patients with comorbidities that may lead to worst prognosis of cancer. We address these questions and propose a principled selection and evaluation of the effect of comorbidities on the overall survival of cancer patients. In the first step, we apply a Bayesian variable selection method that can be used to identify the comorbidities that predict overall survival. In the second step, we build a general Bayesian survival model that accounts for time-varying effects. In the third step, we derive several posterior predictive measures to quantify the effect of individual comorbidities on the population overall survival. We present applications to data on lung and colorectal cancers from two Spanish population-based cancer registries. The proposed methodology is implemented with a combination of the R-packages mombf and rstan. We provide the code for reproducibility at https://github.com/migariane/BayesVarImpComorbiCancer

Allele and haplotype frequencies of HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DQB1 and -DQA1 in Castile and Leon region from North West of Spain

HLA studies have been used to determine the admixture of different populations within the Iberian Peninsula including neighbouring regions with shared origins, such as Portugal and Castile and Leon. These studies certainly can be used to study human migration that could establish populations currently settled according to genetic distant analysis based on the HLA diversity and language variety.This work was supported by the “Gerencia Regional de Salud de Castilla y Leon” (GRS 2080/A/19, 2019) and (GRS COVID 70/A/20, 2020)

Exploiting the passenger ACO1-deficiency arising from 9p21 deletions to kill T-cell lymphoblastic neoplasia cells

Precursor T-cell lymphoblastic neoplasms are aggressive malignancies in need for more effective and specific therapeutic treatments. A significant fraction of these neoplasms harbor deletions on the locus 9p21, targeting the tumor suppressor CDKN2A but also deleting the aconitase 1 (ACO1) gene, a neighboring housekeeping gene involved in cytoplasm and mitochondrial metabolism. Here we show that reducing the aconitase activity with fluorocitrate decreases the viability of T-cell lymphoblastic neoplasia cells in correlation to the differential aconitase expression. The consequences of the treatment were evidenced in vitro using T-cell lymphoblastic neoplasia cell lines exhibiting 9p21 deletions and variable levels of ACO1 expression or activity. Similar results were observed in melanoma cell lines, suggesting a true potential for fluorocitrate in different cancer types. Notably, ectopic expression of ACO1 alleviated the susceptibility of cell lines to fluorocitrate and, conversely, knockdown experiments increased susceptibility of resistant cell lines. These findings were confirmed in vivo on athymic nude mice by using tumor xenografts derived from two T-cell lines with different levels of ACO1. Taken together, our results indicate that the non-targeted ACO1 deficiency induced by common deletions exerts a collateral cellular lethality that can be used as a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of several types of cancerInstituto de Salud Carlos III (ACCI-CIBERER-17); Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (SAF2015-70561 R;MINECO/FEDER, EU); Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018-093330-B-I00; MCIU/FEDER, EU); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain (B2017/BMD-3778; LINFOMAS-CM); Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC, 2018; PROYE18054PIRI); Fundación Ramón Areces (CIVP19S7917); Institutional grants from Fundación Ramón Areces and Banco de Santander to Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa are also acknowledge

A feasible pathway to stabilize monoclinic and tetragonal phase coexistence in barium titanate-based ceramics

Multiphase coexistence has attracted significant interest in recent years because its control has entailed a significant breakthrough for the piezoelectric activity enhancement of lead-free piezoelectric oxides. However, the comprehension of phase coexistence still has many controversies including an adequate synthesis process and/or the role played by crystalline phases in functional properties. In this study, functional barium titanate [BaTiO_(3), (BTO)]-based materials with tunable functional properties were obtained by compositional modification via Bismuth (Bi) doping. Towards this aim, we systematically synthesized BTO-based materials by a sol-gel method, focusing on the control of Bi substitution in the BaTiO_(3) structure. In particular, we found that the substitution of Bi^(+3) leads to the stabilization of a monoclinic-tetragonal (M-T) phase boundary close to room temperature, which facilities the polarization process of the system. As a surprising result, we believe that the simple and cost-effective strategy and design principles described in this work open up the possibility of obtaining BTO-based lead-free ceramics with enhanced properties induced by the stabilization of the phase coexistence, expanding their application range