Evidencias métricas de la escala de miedo percibido relacionado con la pandemia covid-19 en adultos de Tacna

The present research aimed to identify the metric evidences of the scale of perceived fear related to the covid-19 pandemic in adults from Tacna, 2020. The research was instrumental, a non-probabilistic sampling was carried out for convenience, with the participation of 157 adults from the city of Tacna, whose age ranged from 20 to 59 years, being 68.2% female and 31.85% male. The fear scale related to the covid-19 pandemic (FCV-19S) of Ahorsu et al. Was used. (2020) and the collection of information was virtual. The results indicate that the fear scale in its original proposal is one-dimensional but that at the time of translating it into Spanish it is convenient to treat it as twodimensional because the first does not present good adjustment indices, on the other hand the new proposal does present them in such a way which is concluded that it has good construct validity (X2 / gl = 3.286; CFI = 0.943; GFI = 0.926; TLI = 0.907; SRMR = 0.0504). This proposal was chosen (AIC = 72,712) when comparing it with two others that did not reach the optimal criteria. The adjustment index of the bifactorial proposal presented evidence of construct validity and with adequate bifactor model indices (X2 / gl = 1.713, CFI = 0.992, GFI = 0.981, TLI = 0.971, SRMR = 0.0260; wh = 0.703; Hng = 0.955); although the ECV = 0.521 and PUC = 0.571 were low. However, it should be tested in future research. The scale presents an ordinal alpha of 0.856 and an omega coefficient = 0.836, showing that the instrument has high reliability. The study reports that the Spanish version of the FCV-19S applied to the population of Tacna, Peru, demonstrated a bifactor model with adequate psychometric properties. Therefore, it is recommended to use it within the general population.La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar las evidencias métricas de la escala de miedo percibido relacionado con la pandemia covid-19 en adultos de Tacna, 2020. La investigación fue de tipo instrumental, se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, participaron 157 adultos de la ciudad de Tacna, cuya edad oscilaba entre los 20 a 59 años, siendo el 68,2% de sexo femenino y el 31,85% de sexo masculino. Se utilizó la escala de miedo relacionado a la pandemia covid-19 (FCV-19S) de Ahorsu et al. (2020) y la recolección de información fue de modo virtual. Los resultados indican que la escala de miedo en su propuesta original es unidimensional pero que al momento de traducirla al español es conveniente tratarla como bidimensional debido a que la primera no presenta buenos índices de ajuste, en cambio la nueva propuesta sí los presenta de modo tal que se concluye que tiene buena validez de constructo (X2/gl = 3.286; CFI=0.943; GFI=0.926; TLI=0.907; SRMR=0.0504). Esta propuesta fue elegida (AIC=72.712) al compararla con otras dos que no alcanzaron los criterios óptimos. El índice de ajuste de la propuesta de bifactorial presentó evidencias de validez de constructo y con índices del modelo bifactor adecuados (X2/gl=1.713, CFI=0.992, GFI=0.981, TLI=0.971, SRMR=0.0260; wh=0.703; Hng=0.955); aunque el ECV=0.521 y PUC=0.571 fueron bajos. Sin embargo, debería ser puesta a prueba en futuras investigaciones. La escala presenta un alfa ordinal de 0.856 y un coeficiente omega = 0.836 demostrando que el instrumento posee alta confiabilidad. El estudio reporta que la versión en español del FCV-19S aplicada a población de Tacna, Perú, demostró un modelo bifactor con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas. Por lo tanto, se recomienda utilizarlo dentro de la población general

Estudio de tolerancia local de un candidato vacunal proteoliposómico contra Leptospira SPP en el biomodelo Mesocricetus Auratus (Study of local tolerance of a proteoliposome vaccine candidate against Leptospira SPP in Mesocricetus Auratus as biomodel)

La leptospirosis es una de las zoonosis bacterianas más difundidas en el mundo. En la actualidad existen registradas varias vacunas de células enteras contra Leptospira. Estos productos biofarmacéuticos cuentan entre sus desventajas las reacciones de hipersensibilidad a los componentes de las formulaciones y la alta frecuencia de toxicidad en el sitio de inoculación. En el presente trabajo fue evaluada la tolerancia local en el punto de inoculación generada por una nueva formulación vacunal proteoliposómica contra Leptospira spp. en el biomodelo el Mesocricetus auratus. Para ello los animales (ambos sexos) fueron inoculados dos veces por vía intramuscular, con 21 días entre la primera y la segunda inoculación. Seguidamente se realizaron eutanasias seriadas a los 3 días y luego semanalmente hasta 49 días de la primera inoculación. Los resultados demostraron la ausencia de muertes y de diferencias estadísticas en las variables: peso corporal, consumo de agua y alimentos entre animales inmunizados y controles negativos. Tampoco se detectaron lesiones macroscópicas en órganos y tejidos de importancia toxicológica en los animales inmunizados con el candidato vacunal. Las lesiones locales encontradas obedecen a la respuesta inmunológica generada por esta nueva formulación vacunal. La relevancia inmunológica del biomodelo se comprobó mediante la determinación de anticuerpos IgG en el grupo de animales vacunados. En función de los resultados obtenidos se concluye que el candidato vacunal evaluado no fue potencialmente tóxico al sitio de inoculación al ser administrado por vía intramuscular en el biomodelo Mesocricetus auratus. AbstractLeptospirosis is the bacterial zoonosis more overspread in the world. As a control measure some whole cell vaccines has been developed and registered. These biopharmaceutical products have as principal disadvantages the absence of cross-protection against serovars not included on formulations and reactogenicity at inoculation site. In this paper it is discussed the local toxicity at inoculation site elicited by a proteoliposome vaccine candidate obtained form outer membrane cell wall of Leptospira spp using the Mesocricetus auratus as biomodel. The experimental animals (both sexes) were inoculated with two doses of vaccine candidate (21 days between them) via intramuscular. The results obtained did not show statistical differences among immunized and animal controls for the variables: corporal weight, water and food intake. Neither macroscopic lesions of toxicological importance were observed. The histopathological findings describes are part of immunological response consequence against vaccine candidate. Besides the immunological relevance of the biomodel was check by means of IgG quantification. Agreement with these results, it can conclude that a single dose of the vaccine candidate immunized via intramuscular in Mesocricetus auratus did not show toxic potential at inoculation site

European Registry on Helicobacter pylori Management: Effectiveness of First and Second-Line Treatment in Spain

The management of Helicobacter pylori infection has to rely on previous local effectiveness due to the geographical variability of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of first and second-line H. pylori treatment in Spain, where the empirical prescription is recommended. A multicentre prospective non-interventional registry of the clinical practice of European gastroenterologists concerning H. pylori infection (Hp-EuReg) was developed, including patients from 2013 until June 2019. Effectiveness was evaluated descriptively and through a multivariate analysis concerning age, gender, presence of ulcer, proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) dose, therapy duration and compliance. Overall, 53 Spanish hospitals were included, and 10,267 patients received a first-line therapy. The best results were obtained with the 10-day bismuth single-capsule therapy (95% cure rate by intention-to-treat) and with both the 14-day bismuth-clarithromycin quadruple (PPI-bismuth-clarithromycin-amoxicillin, 91%) and the 14-day non-bismuth quadruple concomitant (PPI-clarithromycin-amoxicillin-metronidazole, 92%) therapies. Second-line therapies were prescribed to 2448 patients, with most-effective therapies being the triple quinolone (PPI-amoxicillin-levofloxacin/moxifloxacin) and the bismuth-levofloxacin quadruple schemes (PPI-bismuth-levofloxacin-amoxicillin) prescribed for 14 days (92%, 89% and 90% effectiveness, respectively), and the bismuth single-capsule (10 days, 88.5%). Compliance, longer duration and higher acid inhibition were associated with higher effectiveness. "Optimized" H. pylori therapies achieve over 90% success in Spain

Compromising between European and US allergen immunotherapy schools: Discussions from GUIMIT, the Mexican immunotherapy guidelines

Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has a longstanding history and still remains the only disease-changing treatment for allergic rhinitis and asthma. Over the years 2 different schools have developed their strategies: the United States (US) and the European. Allergen extracts available in these regions are adapted to local practice. In other parts of the world, extracts from both regions and local ones are commercialized, as in Mexico. Here, local experts developed a national AIT guideline (GUIMIT 2019) searching for compromises between both schools. Methods: Using ADAPTE methodology for transculturizing guidelines and AGREE-II for evaluating guideline quality, GUIMIT selected 3 high-quality Main Reference Guidelines (MRGs): the European Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (EAACI) guideines, the S2k guideline of various German-speaking medical societies (2014), and the US Practice Parameters on Allergen Immunotherapy 2011. We formulated clinical questions and based responses on the fused evidence available in the MRGs, combined with local possibilities, patient's preference, and costs. We came across several issues on which the MRGs disagreed. These are presented here along with arguments of GUIMIT members to resolve them. GUIMIT (for a complete English version, see Supplementary data) concluded the following: Results: Related to the diagnosis of IgE-mediated respiratory allergy, apart from skin prick testing complementary tests (challenges, in vitro testing and molecular such as species-specific allergens) might be useful in selected cases to inform AIT composition. AIT is indicated in allergic rhinitis and suggested in allergic asthma (once controlled) and IgE-mediated atopic dermatitis. Concerning the correct subcutaneous AIT dose for compounding vials according to the US school: dosing tables and formula are given; up to 4 non-related allergens can be mixed, refraining from mixing high with low protease extracts. When using European extracts: the manufacturer's indications should be followed; in multi-allergic patients 2 simultaneous injections can be given (100% consensus); mixing is discouraged. In Mexico only allergoid tablets are available; based on doses used in all sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) publications referenced in MRGs, GUIMIT suggests a probable effective dose related to subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) might be: 50–200% of the monthly SCIT dose given daily, maximum mixing 4 allergens. Also, a table with practical suggestions on non-evidence-existing issues, developed with a simplified Delphi method, is added. Finally, dissemination and implementation of guidelines is briefly discussed, explaining how we used online tools for this in Mexico. Conclusions: Countries where European and American AIT extracts are available should adjust AIT according to which school is followed

Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020

[EN] Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3,4,5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes.S

Anales del III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad "Debate en torno a la nueva agenda urbana"

Acta de congresoEl III Congreso Internacional de Vivienda y Ciudad “Debates en torno a la NUEVa Agenda Urbana”, ha sido una apuesta de alto compromiso por acercar los debates centrales y urgentes que tensionan el pleno ejercicio del derecho a la ciudad. Para ello las instituciones organizadoras (INVIHAB –Instituto de Investigación de Vivienda y Hábitat y MGyDH-Maestría en Gestión y Desarrollo Habitacional-1), hemos convidado un espacio que se concretó con potencia en un debate transdisciplinario. Convocó a intelectuales de prestigio internacional, investigadores, académicos y gestores estatales, y en una metodología de innovación articuló las voces académicas con las de las organizaciones sociales y/o barriales en el Foro de las Organizaciones Sociales que tuvo su espacio propio para dar voz a quienes están trabajando en los desafíos para garantizar los derechos a la vivienda y los bienes urbanos en nuestras ciudades del Siglo XXI

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Largest HIV-1 CRF02_AG Outbreak in Spain: Evidence for Onward Transmissions

Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41–6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain.Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000–2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively.Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (p < 0.001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 52.7% of the CRF02_AG sequences formed 56 monophyletic clusters, with a range of 2–79 sequences. The CRF02_AG regional dispersal differed across Spain (p = 0.003), as suggested by monophyletic clustering. For the largest monophyletic cluster (subepidemic) (N = 79), 49.4% of the clustered sequences originated from Madrid, while most sequences (51.9%) had been obtained from men having sex with men (MSM). Molecular clock analysis suggested that the origin (tMRCA) of the CRF02_AG subepidemic was in 2002 (median estimate; 95% Highest Posterior Density-HPD interval: 1999–2004). Additionally, we found significant clustering within the CRF02_AG subepidemic according to the ethnic origin.Conclusion: CRF02_AG has been introduced as a result of multiple introductions in Spain, following regional dispersal in several cases. We showed that CRF02_AG transmissions were mostly due to regional dispersal in Spain. The hot-spot for the largest CRF02_AG regional subepidemic in Spain was in Madrid associated with MSM transmission risk group. The existence of subepidemics suggest that several spillovers occurred from Madrid to other areas. CRF02_AG sequences from Hispanics were clustered in a separate subclade suggesting no linkage between the local and Hispanic subepidemics

Comparación entre líneas de ratones en el ensayo de aberraciones cromosómicas en médula ósea

Objective. The aim of this study was to compare spontaneous and induced rates in mice of both sexes of lines BALB / c, NMRI, OF-1 and C57BL/6/ cenp, by testing chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells. Materials and methods. For this purpose, the most efficient line was determined, based on the significant appearance of lower spontaneous rates and higher induced rates to mutagen substances such as cyclophosphamide (CP). Results. The result obtained was that line Balb / c, in both sexes, differs significantly from the other lines tested. The lesser total number of cells with structural aberrations was found in this line and a greater number of induction of chromosomal aberrations when CP was used as a mutagen. Conclusions. This work will give way to the use of the best line of mice as bio model in this genotoxicity test, and will also give this cytogenetic technique greater veracity and robustness.Objetivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar los índices espontáneos e inducidos en ratones de ambos sexos de las líneas Balb/c, NMRI, OF-1 y C57BL/6/cenp, mediante el ensayo de aberraciones cromosómicas en células de la médula ósea. Materiales y métodos. Con este fin se determinó la línea más eficiente, sobre la base de la aparición significativa de índices espontáneos más bajos e índices inducidos altos a sustancias mutagénicas como la ciclofosfamida (CF). Resultados. Se obtuvo como resultado que la línea Balb/c en ambos sexos difiere significativamente de las demás líneas evaluadas. En esta línea se encontró el menor número de células totales con aberraciones estructurales y un mayor número de inducción de aberraciones cromosómicas cuando es utilizada la CF como mutágeno. Conclusiones. Este trabajo permitirá utilizar la mejor línea de ratones como biomodelo en este ensayo de genotoxicidad, además que le confiere a esta técnica citogenética mayor veracidad y robustez

Estudio anatomopatológico de aislados de Leptospira spp., provenientes de Nicaragua en Mesocricetus auratus como biomodelo

Objetivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar en el biomodelo Mesocricetus auratus la sintomatología y lesiones anatomopatológicas que provocan 5 aislados clínicos de Leptospira spp., provenientes de Nicaragua. Materiales y métodos. Con este fin se inocularon 50 hámster por vía i.p con 1mL del cultivo de cada una de las cepas en fase exponencial teniendo una concentración celular de 7.5 x 106 leptospira/mL (10 animales por cepa), evaluándose signos de la enfermedad, mortalidad durante 14 días, lesiones anatomopatológicas macroscópicas y microscópicas mediante tinción con hematoxilina-eosina y tinción de Warthyn Starryn. Resultados. Todas las cepas presentaron alta mortalidad, mostrando un cuadro tanto clínico, como lesional característico de la infección experimental. Además, causaron la muerte al 100% de los animales entre el tercer y décimo día postinfección. En el estudio anatomopatológico la cepa del serogrupo Ballum y la del serogrupo Pomona produjeron focos de hemorragias específicamente en el riñón y pulmones. De forma similar ocurrió una congestión hepática y renal, mientras que la hemorragia renal fue observada con mayor frecuencia en la cepa del serogrupo Pomona, diferenciándose del resto de las cepas que mostraron esta lesión con menos frecuencia. Conclusiones. Este trabajo permitió una mayor caracterización de estas cepas siendo utilizadas como futuras candidatas vacunales frente a una nueva epidemia de Leptospirosis en Nicaragua