564 research outputs found
Pressure-driven steady-state simulation of oilfield infrastructure
IFP is developing through TINA research Project (Transient Integrated Network Analysis) and in partnership with Total, a new generation of simulation tool for flow assurance studies. This integrated multiphase production software will be able to perform multiphase simulations from the wellbore to the surface facilities. Some steady state simulation tools are used at the early stages of a study for conceptual design, detailed engineering and at the initializing steps of dynamic simulations, then dynamic simulation tools are used for evaluating and better understanding the transient behaviour of the system. The purpose of this paper is to define, in a CAPE-OPEN compliant environment, a strategy to solve steady-state oil & gas problems, i.e. pure simulation and design problems in a context of hydrocarbon production and transport from wellbore to surface facilities.
Usually, a deep water production system produces a main field and sometimes it can be linked to satellite fields. The infrastructure of the system is mainly composed by subsea wellhead clusters, chokes, production lines, risers and separating units.
The first stage of this study includes the use of the process simulator ProSimPlus™ in a pressure driven environment (pressure equality is assumed at each manifold of the flowsheet) to solve simulation and design problems in two classical cases: flowsheet without recycle, recycle of gas from the separator’s head to the riser (gas-lift). These two basic infrastructures are concerned with the life cycle of an production system; the first case corresponds to the beginning of a field exploitation, the second one to the case of the activation of “non-eruptive” wells with riser head pressure constraint. For each case, various strategies are exploited:
• flowrates/pressure strategy in which design variables (chokes (valves) opening, flowrates or well pressure) should be adjusted to verify pressure equality in each manifold and a fixed Riser’s head pressure constraint.
• Pressures/pressure strategy in which only the well flowrates are free variables, for the same set of constraints.
In a second step of this study, the ProSimPlus SPEC module (design specification and recycle solver) is made CAPE-OPEN compliant and integrated in an INDISS™ environment. INDISS™ is the simulation platform chosen by TINA to provide a consistent set of data and model along the production flow from wellbore to export facilities and to solve a great number of problems form the simplest (design studies) to the more complex (shut-down, restart) oil & gas simulation.
In conclusion, this study pointed out two major elements: classical CAPE tools are able to solve efficiently, in a context of pressure-driven flowsheets, steady-state simulation encountered in oil & gas production problems and the CAPE-OPEN standards are the best way to “plug and play” a software component from a process simulator (i.e. ProSimPlus™) to another one (i.e. INDISS™). Future works concern multi-period optimization strategy in a modular sequential process simulator
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Human red blood cells at work: identification and visualization of erythrocytic eNOS activity in health and disease
A nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like activity has been demonstrated in human red blood cells (RBCs), but doubts about its functional significance, isoform identity and disease relevance remain. Using flow cytometry in combination with the NO-imaging probe DAF-FM we find that all blood cells form NO intracellularly, with a rank order of monocytes > neutrophils > lymphocytes > RBCs > platelets. The observation of a NO-related fluorescence within RBCs was unexpected given the abundance of the NO-scavenger oxyhemoglobin. Constitutive normoxic NO formation was abolished by NOS inhibition and intracellular NO scavenging, confirmed by laser-scanning microscopy and unequivocally validated by detection of the DAF-FM reaction product with NO using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. Employing immunoprecipitation, ESI-MS/MS-based peptide sequencing and enzymatic assay we further demonstrate that human RBCs contain an endothelial NOS (eNOS) that converts L-3H-Arginine to L-3H-Citrulline in a Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent fashion. Moreover, in patients with coronary artery disease, red cell eNOS expression and activity are both lower than in age-matched healthy individuals and correlate with the degree of endothelial dysfunction. Thus, human RBCs constitutively produce NO under normoxic conditions via an active eNOS isoform the activity of which is compromised in patients with coronary artery disease
Charged lepton electric dipole moments with the localized leptons and the new Higgs doublet in the two Higgs doublet model
We study the lepton electric dipole moments in the split fermion scenario, in
the two Higgs doublet model, where the new Higgs scalars are localized around
the origin in the extra dimension, with the help of the localizer field. We
observe that the numerical value of the electron (muon, tau) electric dipole
moment is at the order of the magnitude of 10^{-31} (10^{-24}, 10^{-22}) (e-cm)
and this quantity is sensitive the new Higgs localization in the extra
dimension.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figure
Counter-propagating radiative shock experiments on the Orion laser and the formation of radiative precursors
We present results from new experiments to study the dynamics of radiative
shocks, reverse shocks and radiative precursors. Laser ablation of a solid
piston by the Orion high-power laser at AWE Aldermaston UK was used to drive
radiative shocks into a gas cell initially pressurised between and $1.0 \
bar with different noble gases. Shocks propagated at {80 \pm 10 \ km/s} and
experienced strong radiative cooling resulting in post-shock compressions of {
\times 25 \pm 2}. A combination of X-ray backlighting, optical self-emission
streak imaging and interferometry (multi-frame and streak imaging) were used to
simultaneously study both the shock front and the radiative precursor. These
experiments present a new configuration to produce counter-propagating
radiative shocks, allowing for the study of reverse shocks and providing a
unique platform for numerical validation. In addition, the radiative shocks
were able to expand freely into a large gas volume without being confined by
the walls of the gas cell. This allows for 3-D effects of the shocks to be
studied which, in principle, could lead to a more direct comparison to
astrophysical phenomena. By maintaining a constant mass density between
different gas fills the shocks evolved with similar hydrodynamics but the
radiative precursor was found to extend significantly further in higher atomic
number gases (\sim4$ times further in xenon than neon). Finally, 1-D and 2-D
radiative-hydrodynamic simulations are presented showing good agreement with
the experimental data.Comment: HEDLA 2016 conference proceeding
Using artificial intelligence to risk stratify COVID-19 patients based on chest X-ray findings
Background: Deep learning-based radiological image analysis could facilitate use of chest x-rays as a triaging tool for COVID-19 diagnosis in resource-limited settings. This study sought to determine whether a modified commercially available deep learning algorithm (M-qXR) could risk stratify patients with suspected COVID-19 infections. Methods: A dual track clinical validation study was designed to assess the clinical accuracy of M-qXR. The algorithm evaluated all Chest-X-rays (CXRs) performed during the study period for abnormal findings and assigned a COVID-19 risk score. Four independent radiologists served as radiological ground truth. The M-qXR algorithm output was compared against radiological ground truth and summary statistics for prediction accuracy were calculated. In addition, patients who underwent both PCR testing and CXR for suspected COVID-19 infection were included in a co-occurrence matrix to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the M-qXR algorithm. Results: 625 CXRs were included in the clinical validation study. 98% of total interpretations made by M-qXR agreed with ground truth (p = 0.25). M-qXR correctly identified the presence or absence of pulmonary opacities in 94% of CXR interpretations. M-qXR's sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for detecting pulmonary opacities were 94%, 95%, 99%, and 88% respectively. M-qXR correctly identified the presence or absence of pulmonary consolidation in 88% of CXR interpretations (p = 0.48). M-qXR's sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for detecting pulmonary consolidation were 91%, 84%, 89%, and 86% respectively. Furthermore, 113 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases were used to create a co-occurrence matrix between M-qXR's COVID-19 risk score and COVID-19 PCR test results. The PPV and NPV of a medium to high COVID-19 risk score assigned by M-qXR yielding a positive COVID-19 PCR test result was estimated to be 89.7% and 80.4% respectively. Conclusion: M-qXR was found to have comparable accuracy to radiological ground truth in detecting radiographic abnormalities on CXR suggestive of COVID-19
A Real Space Description of Magnetic Field Induced Melting in the Charge Ordered Manganites: I. The Clean Limit
We study the melting of charge order in the half doped manganites using a
model that incorporates double exchange, antiferromagnetic superexchange, and
Jahn-Teller coupling between electrons and phonons. We primarily use a real
space Monte Carlo technique to study the phase diagram in terms of applied
field and temperature , exploring the melting of charge order with
increasing and its recovery on decreasing . We observe hysteresis in
this response, and discover that the `field melted' high conductance state can
be spatially inhomogeneous even without extrinsic disorder. The hysteretic
response plays out in the background of field driven equilibrium phase
separation. Our results, exploring , , and the electronic parameter
space, are backed up by analysis of simpler limiting cases and a Landau
framework for the field response. This paper focuses on our results in the
`clean' systems, a companion paper studies the effect of cation disorder on the
melting phenomena.Comment: 16 pages, pdflatex, 11 png fig
Astroparticle Physics with a Customized Low-Background Broad Energy Germanium Detector
The MAJORANA Collaboration is building the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR, a 60 kg
array of high purity germanium detectors housed in an ultra-low background
shield at the Sanford Underground Laboratory in Lead, SD. The MAJORANA
DEMONSTRATOR will search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of 76Ge while
demonstrating the feasibility of a tonne-scale experiment. It may also carry
out a dark matter search in the 1-10 GeV/c^2 mass range. We have found that
customized Broad Energy Germanium (BEGe) detectors produced by Canberra have
several desirable features for a neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment,
including low electronic noise, excellent pulse shape analysis capabilities,
and simple fabrication. We have deployed a customized BEGe, the MAJORANA
Low-Background BEGe at Kimballton (MALBEK), in a low-background cryostat and
shield at the Kimballton Underground Research Facility in Virginia. This paper
will focus on the detector characteristics and measurements that can be
performed with such a radiation detector in a low-background environment.Comment: Submitted to NIMA Proceedings, SORMA XII. 9 pages, 4 figure
Production and Decay of D_1(2420)^0 and D_2^*(2460)^0
We have investigated and final states and
observed the two established charmed mesons, the with mass
MeV/c and width MeV/c and
the with mass MeV/c and width
MeV/c. Properties of these final states, including
their decay angular distributions and spin-parity assignments, have been
studied. We identify these two mesons as the doublet predicted
by HQET. We also obtain constraints on {\footnotesize } as a function of the cosine of the relative phase of the two
amplitudes in the decay.Comment: 15 pages in REVTEX format. hardcopies with figures can be obtained by
sending mail to: [email protected]
Measurement of the branching fraction for
We have studied the leptonic decay of the resonance into tau
pairs using the CLEO II detector. A clean sample of tau pair events is
identified via events containing two charged particles where exactly one of the
particles is an identified electron. We find . The result is consistent with
expectations from lepton universality.Comment: 9 pages, RevTeX, two Postscript figures available upon request, CLNS
94/1297, CLEO 94-20 (submitted to Physics Letters B
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