la deficiencia auditiva. identificación de las necesidades educativas especiales

En este artículo vamos a poner de manifiesto cómo identificar las necesidades educativas especiales de los alumnos/as con deficiencia auditiva para tomar las decisiones oportunas sobre las respuestas necesarias. Haremos una breve conceptualización de dicha deficiencia así como las principales características diferenciales de este alumnado desde los distintos ámbitos del desarrollo para poder conocerlos mejor. Abordaremos también la importancia de evaluar tanto al alumno en el contexto de enseñanza- aprendizaje, así como obtener la información oportuna de su entorno, ya que condicionará igualmente su desarrollo. Finalmente pondremos de manifiesto los sistemas de detección del déficit auditivo para conocer qué resto auditivo será utilizable y potenciarlo al máximo. Así, tras todo este proceso podremos ofrecer al alumnado una correcta respuesta educativa adaptada a sus características y necesidades

LA DEFICIENCIA AUDITIVA. IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LAS NECESIDADES EDUCATIVAS ESPECIALES.

In this article we will highlight how to identify the special educational needs of pupils hearing impaired as to make timely decisions on the necessary responses. A brief conceptualization of the deficiency and the main distinguishing characteristics of these students from the different areas of development in order to know them better. Also address the importance of assessing both the student in the context of teaching and learning as well as getting timely information from their environment, which also determine its development. Finally we will show detection systems for the hearing impaired which will be usable residual hearing and promote it to the fullest. Thus, after this process we can offer students a proper education response tailored to their characteristics and need

Influence of body weight at hatching and inclusion of oat hulls in the diet on growth performance and digestive tract traits of brown-egg laying pullets from 0 to 16 wk of age

The influence of pre-incubated weight of eggs (EW) laid by 24 wk-old brown layer breeders and the inclusion (wt:wt) of 3% oat hulls (OH) in the diet on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) traits were studied in pullets reared under stressful conditions from hatching to 16 wk of age. The initial BW of the pullets resulting from these eggs was of 29.9 and 38.2 g for the 2 extreme groups. The stress applied consisted in using a prolonged (8 h) transport time from the hatchery to the experimental facility, reducing barn temperature at night from placement to 7 d of age, and late beak trimming of the pullets (18 d). Growth performance, pullet uniformity, and GIT traits were measured by period (0 to 5 wk, 5 to 10 wk, and 10 to 16 wk of age) and cumulatively. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized design with treatments organized as a 7 × 2 factorial, with 7 groups of pullets that differed on pre-hatched EW (47 to 54 g with 1 g difference between groups) and 2 levels of OH inclusion (0 vs. 3%). Effects of EW on the variables studied were partitioned into linear and quadratic components. The stress conditions applied affected pullet growth, with BW at 5 wk of age that were as an average 27% lower than recommended by the genetic company (269 g vs. 367 g). Neither initial EW nor OH inclusion affected any of the variables studied. In summary, EW of young breeders did not affect growth performance, BW uniformity, or GIT traits of the resulting pullets from 0 to 16 wk of age. Eggs bigger than 47 g laid by young breeders can produce high quality pullets. Pullets fed diets with 3% OH performed equally to pullets fed the control diet, suggesting that the amount of fiber can be increased during the rearing period of brown egg pullet

Avispas agalladoras y sus parasitoides asociados en el estado de Nuevo León, México

Las avispas inductoras de agallas pertenecen a la familia Cynipidae; en México se han reportado 205 especies y se ha observado su asociación a más de 30 variedades de encinos (Fagaceae: Quercus). Estos cinípidos y sus parasitoides son muy diversos e incluso se indica que podrían existir aproximadamente 132,000 tipos . Las agallas o cecidias son estructuras anormales en tejidos de las plantas que se forman ante la reacción de un organismo inductor. Esto se ha reportado en hojas, tallos, yemas y frutos, así como en raíces y estolones, con estructuras como nectarios extraflorales, revestimientos de pelos, espinas y resinas adhesivas

The clinical and molecular cardiometabolic fingerprint of an exploratory psoriatic arthritis cohort is associated with the disease activity and differentially modulated by methotrexate and apremilast

Objectives: (1) To evaluate clinical and molecular cardiovascular disease (CVD) signs and their relationship with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) features and (2) to identify a clinical patient profile susceptible to benefit from methotrexate (MTX) and/or apremilast regarding CVD risk. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 100 patients with PsA and 100 age-matched healthy donors. In addition, an exploratory cohort of 45 biologically naïve patients treated for 6 months with apremilast, MTX or combined therapy according to routine clinical practice was recruited. Extensive clinical and metabolic profiles were obtained. Ninety-nine surrogate CVD-related molecules were analysed in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Hard cluster analysis was performed to identify the clinical and molecular phenotypes. Mechanistic studies were performed on adipocytes. Results: Cardiometabolic comorbidities were associated with disease activity and long-term inflammatory status. Thirty-five CVD-related proteins were altered in the plasma and PBMCs of PsA patients and were associated with the key clinical features of the disease. Plasma levels of some of the CVD-related molecules might distinguish insulin-resistant patients (MMP-3, CD163, FABP-4), high disease activity (GAL-3 and FABP-4) and poor therapy outcomes (CD-163, LTBR and CNTN-1). Hard cluster analysis identified two phenotypes of patients according to the rates of cardiometabolic comorbidities with distinctive clinical and molecular responses to each treatment. Conclusions: (1) Novel CVD-related proteins associated with clinical features could be emerging therapeutic targets in the context of PsA and (2) the pleiotropic action of apremilast could make it an excellent choice for the management of PsA patients with high CVD risk, targeting metabolic alterations and CVD-related molecules

A mechanism of growth inhibition by abscisic acid in germinating seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana based on inhibition of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and decreased cytosolic pH, K+, and anions

[EN] The stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) induces expression of defence genes in many organs, modulates ion homeostasis and metabolism in guard cells, and inhibits germination and seedling growth. Concerning the latter effect, several mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana with improved capability for H+ efflux (wat1-1D, overexpression of AKT1 and ost2-1D) are less sensitive to inhibition by ABA than the wild type. This suggested that ABA could inhibit H+ efflux (H+ -ATPase) and induce cytosolic acidification as a mechanism of growth inhibition. Measurements to test this hypothesis could not be done in germinating seeds and we used roots as the most convenient system. ABA inhibited the root plasma-membrane H+ -ATPase measured in vitro (ATP hydrolysis by isolated vesicles) and in vivo (H+ efflux from seedling roots). This inhibition involved the core ABA signalling elements: PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, ABA-inhibited protein phosphatases (HAB1), and ABA-activated protein kinases (SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3). Electrophysiological measurements in root epidermal cells indicated that ABA, acting through the PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors, induced membrane hyperpolarization (due to K+ efflux through the GORK channel) and cytosolic acidification. This acidification was not observed in the wat1-1D mutant. The mechanism of inhibition of the H+ -ATPase by ABA and its effects on cytosolic pH and membrane potential in roots were different from those in guard cells. ABA did not affect the in vivo phosphorylation level of the known activating site (penultimate threonine) of H+ -ATPase in roots, and SnRK2.2 phosphorylated in vitro the C-terminal regulatory domain of H+ -ATPase while the guard-cell kinase SnRK2.6/OST1 did not.This work was funded by grants BFU2011-22526 (to RS) and BIO2011-23446 (to PLR) of the Spanish 'Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad', Madrid, Spain, and grant PROMETEO/2010/038 (to RS) of the 'Generalitat Valenciana', Valencia, Spain. MGG was funded by a JAE-DOC contract of the Spanish 'Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas', Madrid, Spain. We thank Dr Toshinori Kinoshita (Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan) for the rabbit antibody against the last 9 aa of AHA2 H+-ATPase with the penultimate Thr947 phosphorylated. We also thank the Proteomics Facility of the 'Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia', Madrid, Spain, for the attempts to identify the phosphorylation site of the H+-ATPase.Planes Ferrer, MD.; Niñoles Rodenes, R.; Rubio, L.; Bissoli, G.; Bueso Ródenas, E.; Garcia-Sanchez, MJ.; Alejandro Martínez, S.... (2015). A mechanism of growth inhibition by abscisic acid in germinating seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana based on inhibition of plasma membrane H+-ATPase and decreased cytosolic pH, K+, and anions. Journal of Experimental Botany. 66(3):813-825. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru442S81382566

Actividad antiinflamatoria y antioxidante de los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales en un modelo de daño por isquemia-reperfusión en ratas Wistar

Introduction: Essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs are used in the treatment of chronic kidney disease to delay the symptoms of uremia. However, it is unknown whether essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs affect the oxidative stress and the inflammation in acute renal injury such as those produced by ischemia-reperfusion.Objective: To evaluate the effect of essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in Wistar rats.Materials and methods: Rats were divided into 11 groups (n=6/group): Two groups received physiological saline with or without ischemia-reperfusion injury (45 min/24 h), six groups received essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs (400, 800, or 1,200 mg/kg/24 h/7d) with or without ischemia-reperfusion injury (essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs + ischemia-reperfusion), and two groups received allopurinol (50 mg/kg/24 h/7d) with or without ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biochemical markers included creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), renal damage markers (cystatin C, KIM-1, and NGAL), and markers of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant activity.Results: The essential amino acid α-keto acid analog- and allopurinol-treated groups had lower levels of creatinine, BUN, renal damage markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and MDA than their corresponding ischemia-reperfusion groups. These changes were related to the essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs dosage. Total antioxidant activity was lower in essential amino acid α-keto acid analog- and allopurinol-treated groups than in the corresponding ischemia-reperfusion groups.Conclusions: This is a new report on the nephroprotective effects of essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Essential amino acid α-keto acid analogs decreased the levels of biochemical markers, kidney injury markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and MDA while minimizing total antioxidant consumption.Introducción. Los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales se utilizan en el tratamiento de la enfermedad renal crónica para retrasar los síntomas de la uremia. Sin embargo, se desconoce si los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales afectan el estrés oxidativo y la inflamación en la lesión renal aguda tal como en la producida por la isquemia-reperfusión.Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de las α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales sobre la lesión renal por isquemia-reperfusión en ratas Wistar.Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon 11 grupos de ratas (n=6): dos grupos recibieron solución salina fisiológica con lesión isquemia-reperfusión o sin ella (45 min/24 h), seis grupos recibieron α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales (400, 800 o 1.200 mg/kg/24 h/7d) con lesión isquemia-reperfusión o sin ella (α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales + isquemia-reperfusión), y dos grupos recibieron (50 mg/kg/24 h/7d) con lesión isquemia-reperfusión o sin ella. Los marcadores bioquímicos incluyeron creatinina y nitrógeno ureico en sangre (BUN), citocinas proinflamatorias (IL-1β, IL-6 y TNF-α), marcadores de daño renal (cistatina C, KIM-1 y NGAL) y marcadores del estrés oxidativo como el malondialdehído (MDA) y la actividad antioxidante total.Resultados. Los grupos tratados con α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales y alopurinol tuvieron niveles inferiores de creatinina, BUN, marcadores de daño renal, citocinas proinflamatorias, actividad antioxidante total y MDA que los grupos isquemia-reperfusión correspondientes. Estos cambios se asociaron con la dosis. La actividad antioxidante total fue menor en los grupos tratados con α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales que en los grupos isquemia-reperfusión correspondientes.Conclusiones. Este es un nuevo informe de los efectos nefroprotectores de las α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales contra la lesión isquemia-reperfusión. Los α-cetoanálogos de aminoácidos esenciales disminuyeron los niveles de los marcadores bioquímicos, de los de lesión renal, de las citocinas proinflamatorias y el MDA, a la vez que minimizaron el consumo total de antioxidantes

Marco activo de recursos de innovación docente: Madrid

Una guía de espacios e instituciones para actividades educativas complementarias en enseñanza secundaria y Formación Profesional

Impact of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients: A nationwide study in Spain

Objective To assess the effect of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the outcome of neurosurgical patients in Spain. Settings The initial flood of COVID-19 patients overwhelmed an unprepared healthcare system. Different measures were taken to deal with this overburden. The effect of these measures on neurosurgical patients, as well as the effect of COVID-19 itself, has not been thoroughly studied. Participants This was a multicentre, nationwide, observational retrospective study of patients who underwent any neurosurgical operation from March to July 2020. Interventions An exploratory factorial analysis was performed to select the most relevant variables of the sample. Primary and secondary outcome measures Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of mortality and postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results Sixteen hospitals registered 1677 operated patients. The overall mortality was 6.4%, and 2.9% (44 patients) suffered a perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of those infections, 24 were diagnosed postoperatively. Age (OR 1.05), perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 4.7), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.006), postoperative neurological worsening (OR 5.9), postoperative need for airway support (OR 5.38), ASA grade =3 (OR 2.5) and preoperative GCS 3-8 (OR 2.82) were independently associated with mortality. For SARS-CoV-2 postoperative infection, screening swab test <72 hours preoperatively (OR 0.76), community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) (OR 1.011), preoperative cognitive impairment (OR 2.784), postoperative sepsis (OR 3.807) and an absence of postoperative complications (OR 0.188) were independently associated. Conclusions Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in neurosurgical patients was associated with an increase in mortality by almost fivefold. Community COVID-19 incidence (cases/10 5 people/week) was a statistically independent predictor of mortality. Trial registration number CEIM 20/217