Social support for homeless people: Interface with health, human rights and subjective dimension

As discussões sobre o apoio social e suas relações com as dimensões saúde, direitos humanos e dimensão subjetiva na vida das pessoas em situação de rua (PSR) são relevantes diante do crescimento dessa população em todas as cidades do Brasil e do mundo com a pandemia do COVID-19. Objetivou-se, com essa pesquisa, analisar o apoio social de PSR de Fortaleza (Ceará/Brasil), a partir das dimensões saúde, direitos humanos e subjetiva. A pesquisa foi realizada com a aplicação de 236 questionários válidos a pessoas que viviam nas ruas de Fortaleza no ano de 2019. As fontes de apoio social mais buscadas pelas PSR foram Deus, Centro Pop e Amigos em situação de rua e aquelas menos buscadas foram os CAPS, o Movimento Nacional da População de Rua (MNPR) e as Comunidades Terapêuticas. Os processos de humilhação e vergonha foram vivenciados repercutindo nas dimensões saúde, direitos humanos e subjetiva. As PSR sofrem alta discriminação e não são consideradas como sujeitos de direitos, o que revela o descaso do Estado na proposição de políticas públicas.ResumoAs discussões sobre o apoio social e suas relações com as dimensões saúde, direitos humanos e dimensão subjetiva na vida das pessoas em situação de rua (PSR) são relevantes diante do crescimento dessa população em todas as cidades do Brasil e do mundo com a pandemia do COVID-19. Objetivou-se, com essa pesquisa, analisar o apoio social de PSR de Fortaleza (Ceará/Brasil), a partir das dimensões saúde, direitos humanos e subjetiva. A pesquisa foi realizada com a aplicação de 236 questionários válidos a pessoas que viviam nas ruas de Fortaleza no ano de 2019. As fontes de apoio social mais buscadas pelas PSR foram Deus, Centro Pop e Amigos em situação de rua e aquelas menos buscadas foram os CAPS, o Movimento Nacional da População de Rua (MNPR) e as Comunidades Terapêuticas. Os processos de humilhação e vergonha foram vivenciados repercutindo nas dimensões saúde, direitos humanos e subjetiva. As PSR sofrem alta discriminação e não são consideradas como sujeitos de direitos, o que revela o descaso do Estado na proposição de políticas públicas.ResumenLos debates sobre el apoyo social y sus relaciones con la salud, los derechos humanos y las dimensiones subjetivas en la vida de las personas  sin hogar son pertinentes en vista del crecimiento de esta población en todas las ciudades del Brasil y del mundo con la pandemia de COVID-19. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el soporte social de las personas sin hogar en Fortaleza (Ceará/Brasil), a partir de las dimensiones salud, derechos humanos y subjetiva. La investigación se realizó con la aplicación de 236 cuestionarios válidos a las personas que viven en las calles de Fortaleza en 2019. Las fuentes de apoyo social más buscadas por las personas sin hogar eran Dios, el Centro POP y Amigos en situación de calle y las menos buscadas eran el CAPS, el Movimiento Nacional de la Población Sin Hogar (MNPR) y las Comunidades Terapéuticas. Los procesos de humillación y vergüenza se experimentaron con repercusiones en la salud, los derechos humanos y las dimensiones subjetivas. Las personas sin hogar sufren una alta discriminación y no es considerado como un sujeto de derecho, lo que revela la negligencia del Estado en la propuesta de políticas públicas.  The discussions on social support and its relations with health, human rights and subjective dimensions in the lives of homeless people are relevant in view of the growth of this population in all cities of Brazil and the world with the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this research was to analyze the social support of homeless people in Fortaleza (Ceará, Brazil), considering these three dimensions. The research was carried out with the application of 236 valid questionnaires to people living on the streets of Fortaleza in 2019. The most sought-after sources of social support by the homeless people were God, the Pop Center and Homeless Friends, and those less sought after were CAPS, the National Movement of the Homeless Population (MNPR) and the Therapeutic Communities. The processes of humiliation and shame were experienced with repercussions in health, human rights and subjective dimensions.   Homeless people suffer high discrimination and is not considered as rights subjects, which reveals the State's disregard in proposing public policies

Aso nogotole le' enaxat Cintia

El libro Aso nogotole le´enaxat Cintia forma parte de un proyecto de investigación y desarrollo educativo en el que colaboran maestros qom bilingües, maestros criollos e investigadores. En el proyecto se han registrado etnográficamente las situaciones cotidianas y la lengua de los niños de las comunidades qom de Villa Río Bermejito y de Pampa del Indio (Chaco). Este material etnográfico se ha empleado como base para la redacción del libro que, de esta manera, intenta recuperar la mirada de los niños acerca de su realidad. El libro es una contribución pedagógica al mejoramiento de la calidad de la educación que reciben los niños que viven en las distintas comunidades qom de la provincia del Chaco. Busca promover y garantizar el aprendizaje de la alfabetización en la lengua materna del niño.Fil: García, Ofelia. No especifíca;Fil: Gutiérrez, Feliciano. No especifíca;Fil: Inderecio, Beatriz. No especifíca;Fil: López, Clemente. No especifíca;Fil: Maidana, Mauricio. No especifíca;Fil: Medrano, Ana. No especifíca;Fil: Moreno, Valentín. No especifíca;Fil: Ojea, Gladys Liliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Psicología Matemática y Experimental Dr. Horacio J. A. Rimoldi; ArgentinaFil: Romero, Nilda. No especifíca;Fil: Rosemberg, Celia Renata. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones en Psicología Matemática y Experimental Dr. Horacio J. A. Rimoldi; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez, Antonia. No especifíca;Fil: Aristóbulo, Silvestre. No especifíca;Fil: Yúdica, Ramón. No especifíca

Decreased left ventricular torsion with distorted dynamics at advanced stages of Chagas’ heart disease

Submitted by Repositório Arca ([email protected]) on 2019-04-24T16:52:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-11-01T12:50:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 ve_Silva_Sabrina_etal_INI_2102.pdf: 488396 bytes, checksum: d2eacec83fd76fe2796f34abd726746c (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-01T12:50:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 ve_Silva_Sabrina_etal_INI_2102.pdf: 488396 bytes, checksum: d2eacec83fd76fe2796f34abd726746c (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doença de Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundamentos: A expressão mais grave da doença de Chagas é a insuficiência cardíaca (IC). A torção do ventrículo esquerdo (VE) é reduzida na IC de outras etiologias e pode ser importante para avaliação do desempenho cardíaco na doença de Chagas. Objetivo: Avaliar a torção do VE em diferentes estágios da doença de Chagas. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo longitudinal entre março e outubro de 2010 avaliando ecocardiogramas de 17 controles e 139 pacientes sendo 44 da forma indeterminada (sem cardiopatia aparente), 27 pacientes no estágio A da forma cardíaca (alterações limitadas ao eletrocardiograma), 31 no estágio B (sem clínica de IC com alteração da função sistólica global ou segmentar do VE), 26 no estágio C (IC compensável) e 11 no estágio D (IC refratária). Resultados: A torção do VE foi similar entre controles (12,7±3,9º), indeterminados (11,7±5,5º) e pacientes no estágio A (9,9±4,6º), mas foi progressivamente menor nos pacientes do estágio B ao D (B:8,6±6,3º; C:4,7±4,1º; D:0,1±3,1º; p<0,0001). Enquanto os controles apresentaram padrão normal de torção do VE com rotação apical anti-horária e rotação basal no sentido horário, o padrão de torção foi anormal em 15% dos pacientes indeterminados e no estágio A; 37% dos pacientes no estágio B; 35% dos pacientes no estágio C; e 82% dos pacientes no estágio D. Conclusões: A torção do VE é reduzida e sua dinâmica progressivamente mais alterada conforme a doença de Chagas atinge estágios mais avançados de acometimento cardíaco. A contribuição desses eventos para o prognóstico da doença de Chagas ainda deve ser estabelecida.Background: The most serious expression of Chagas’ disease is heart failure (HF). Left ventricular (LV) torsion is decreased in HF with other etiologies and may be an important tool for evaluating cardiac performance in Chagas’ disease. Objective: To analyze LV torsion at different stages of Chagas’ disease. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted between March and October 2010, assessing echocardiograms from 17 controls and 139 patients, of whom 44 were indeterminate (no apparent cardiopathy), 27 in stage A (changes limited to the electrocardiogram), 31 in stage B (without HF findings but with global or segmental changes in LV systolic function), 26 in stage C (compensable HF), and 11 in stage D (refractory HF). Results: The LV torsion was similar among the controls (12.7±3.9º), indeterminate (11.7±5.5º) and stage A patients (9.9±4.6º), but decreased progressively from stage B to D (B:8.6±6.3º; C:4.7±4.1º; D:0.1±3.1º, p<0.0001). While the controls presented a normal LV torsion pattern with apical counterclockwise and basal clockwise rotation movement, the torsion pattern was abnormal in 15% of the indeterminate and stage A patients; 37% of the stage B patients; 35% of the stage C patients; and 82% of the stage D patients. Conclusion: LV torsion is decreased and its dynamics distorted in patients at advanced stages of Chagas’ heart disease. The contribution of those changes to the progression and prognosis of Chagas’ disease remains to be determined

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)