From Iron Lady’s portrait to Mutti Angela’s photography: the iconic treatment of German Chancellor Angela Merkel

La investigación condensada en estas páginas se basa en el poder de denotación de la fotografía y en la utilidad del análisis de contenido para esclarecer cuál es la representación de Angela Merkel acuñada en 2015 por cinco diarios españoles de referencia. Concretamente, prima la intención de comprobar si los rasgos característicos de una metáfora extemporánea como es el rol de Dama de Hierro permean la imagen que los diarios generalistas proyectan sobre la canciller alemana, y si las actitudes que se le atribuyen coexisten con otras propias de la tradicional interpretación de la naturaleza femínea. Al término del artículo se propone el empleo de una tabla de identificación que permite reconocer en una instantánea si ésta responde a la idiosincrasia de los dos roles más comunes vinculados a Merkel.The research presented in these pages rests on the photography’s denotation power, as well as on the usefulness of the content analysis technique in order to clarify which is Angela Merkel’s representation. So as to, five Spanish newspapers are analysed during 2015. Specifically, the prevalent intention is to check if the characteristic features of an extemporaneous metaphor —as it is the role of Iron Lady— pervade the image projected by the mainstream press onto the German Chancellor. In addition, it is investigated whether the attributed attitudes coexist with traditional female interpretation features. Moreover, at the end of the article, the use of an identification table is proposed. It would help to recognize if a picture responds to the idiosyncrasies of the two most common roles linked to Merkel

Metodología para el estudio del brand-placement con enfoque de género: más allá del análisis de contenido

La mayoría de los estudios realizados sobre el tratamiento de género en la publicidad audiovisual se ciñen al formato convencional. Los nuevos formatos no se adecuan siempre a estos patrones. Con este fin, se ha elaborado un protocolo de análisis para estudiar la estructura del brand-placement, como forma no convencional de publicidad, en temas de género en la ficción española. Esta herramienta ha sido sometida a rigurosos controles de fiabilidad y validez con el ánimo de garantizar la confiabilidad y rigurosidad científica de las mismas, tanto en su composición como en su aplicación.Most studies on the treatment of gender in the audiovisual advertising follows the conventional format. The new formats do not conform to these standards. With this aim in mind an analytical protocol has been developed to study the structure of the brand-placement, as a non-conventional advertising, concerning gender issues in the Spanish fiction. This tool has been subjected to rigorous checks of reliability and validity with the aim of ensuring their trustworthiness and scientific accuracy, both in its composition and in its implementation

Evaluación de los indicadores de calidad y puntos de mejora en la asistencia urgente hospitalaria de los pacientes adolescentes y adultos con intoxicación aguda. Sesgo de sexo y género.

Objetivo. La mejora de la calidad asistencial requiere una estrategia de evaluación continuada y para ello la creación y aplicación de indicadores de calidad (IC) representan una herramienta fundamental. Este estudio pretende identificar y conocer el grado de cumplimiento de los IC en las intoxicaciones agudas en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarias (SUH) de adultos y evaluar si existen diferencias según el sexo. Métodos. Cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes mayores de 14 años diagnosticados de intoxicación aguda atendidos en el SUH del Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis de Alicante, entre el 1 de enero de 2018 y el 31 de diciembre de 2021. Se recogieron variables demográficas, de destino, tipo de tóxicos y causa de la intoxicación y 19 IC, siendo la variable de resultado el grado de cumplimiento de los IC y las diferencias en el grado de cumplimiento según el sexo. Resultados. Se incluyeron un total de 1144 pacientes, de los cuales 710 (62.1%) eran mujeres, con una edad media de 42 años (DE 17). No se registró la frecuencia cardiaca y la presión arterial en el 17% de los pacientes. La frecuencia respiratoria no fue registrada en el 99% y la escala de coma de Glasgow en el 89%, sin diferencias entre sexos para ninguna constante clínica (p>0,05). Las benzodiacepinas fueron la etiología en el 46,4% de los pacientes, siendo el tóxico más frecuente para ambos sexos y con mayor prevalencia en las mujeres (p<0,05). El alcohol apareció en tercer lugar (16,4%) sin diferencias entre sexos (p=0,05) y la cocaína fue más prevalente en los hombres (6%)(p<0,05). La vía de exposición digestiva se presentó en el 77,6% de los pacientes, similar para ambos sexos (p=0,052), y el 47,3% tuvo intencionalidad suicida, con mayor frecuencia en las mujeres (p<0,05). Se recogió la hora de exposición en el 60,6% de los intoxicados con benzodiacepinas, con inferioridad para los hombres (p<0,05). Se determinaron los niveles de paracetamol en el 58,3% de los pacientes en los que estaba indicado, sin diferencias entre sexos (p=0,062). Se administró flumazenilo en un 1,1% de pacientes sin indicación y el 61,8% de los intoxicados por CO no recibió oxigenoterapia precoz, con inferioridad en las mujeres (p<0,05). El 41,9% de los pacientes fue dado de alta tras su atención en urgencias, las mujeres pasaron a observación de urgencias con más frecuencia (21,3%) mientras que más hombres fueron ingresados en hospitalización (4,8%) y en unidad de críticos (3,5%)(p<0,05). Un 5,8% de los pacientes pidieron el alta voluntaria y un 3,1% se fugaron del hospital, siendo más frecuente en el sexo masculino (p<0,05). Conclusiones. Este trabajo ha permitido medir la eficacia y eficiencia de la atención de pacientes con intoxicación aguda en los SUH, detectando errores y permitiendo la búsqueda de soluciones y actualización de los métodos de trabajo. A su vez, muestra la existencia de sesgo de sexo en la aplicación de ciertos indicadores de calidad para la atención de estos pacientes.Objective. Improving the quality of care requires a continuous evaluation strategy and, for that, the creation and application of quality indicators (QI) represent a fundamental tool. This study aims to identify and determine the degree of compliance with QIs in acute poisoning in adult hospital emergency departments (EDs) and to assess whether there exist differences by sex. Methods. Retrospective cohort of patients over 14 years of age diagnosed with acute poisoning treated in the ED of the Dr. Balmis University General Hospital in Alicante, between January 1st, 2018 and December 31st, 2021. Demographic variables, destination, type of toxins and cause of intoxication and 19 QI were compiled, being the outcome variable the degree of compliance with the QIs and the differences in the degree of compliance according to sex. Results. A total of 1144 patients were included, of whom 710 (62.1%) were women, with an average age of 42 years (SD 17). Heart rate and blood pressure were not taken in 17% of patients. Respiratory frequency was not measured in 99% and the Glasgow coma scale in 89%, with no differences between the sexes for any clinical constant (p>0.05). Benzodiazepines appeared in 46.4% of the patients, being the most frequent toxin for both sexes and with a higher prevalence in women (p<0.05). Alcohol appeared in third place (16.4%) with no differences between sexes (p=0.05) and cocaine was more prevalent in men (6%) (p<0.05). The digestive route of exposure occurred in 77.6% of the patients, similar for both sexes (p=0.052), and 47.3% had suicidal intent, more frequently in women (p<0.05). The time of exposure was recorded in 60.6% of those intoxicated with benzodiazepines, with inferiority for men (p<0.05). Paracetamol levels were determined in 58.3% of the patients for whom it was indicated, with no differences between sexes (p=0.062). Flumazenil was administered in 1.1% of patients without indication and 61.8% of those poisoned by CO did not receive early oxygen therapy, with inferiority in women (p<0.05). 41.9% of the patients were discharged after their care in the ED, women went to ED observation more frequently (21.3%), while more men were admitted to the ward (4.8%) and critical unit (3.5%) (p<0.05). 5.8% of the patients requested voluntary discharge and 3.1% escaped from the hospital, being more frequent in males (p<0.05). Conclusions. This work has allowed to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the care of patients with acute poisoning in the ED, detecting errors and allowing the search for solutions and updating of work methods. In turn, it shows the existence of gender bias in the application of certain quality indicators for the care of these patients

Estado actual de la viticultura de precisión en Castilla y León y su situación comparativa con otras regiones vitivinícolas

El siguiente estudio de investigación pretende analizar la situación actual de la viticultura de precisión y la comparativa de la situación entre Castilla y León y otras regiones vitivinícolas a nivel mundial. Para ello se hace una revisión desde el origen del concepto de precisión, la evolución a lo largo de los últimos años de la viticultura, así como la descripción de las tecnologías y de sus aplicaciones en el manejo de la variabilidad existente en el viñedo. Como metodología además se realizó una encuesta online a profesionales del sector y una entrevista a diferentes profesionales e investigadores especializados en la materia y de reconocido prestigio para poder valorar el conocimiento acerca del uso de tecnología en la viticultura junto con su opinión acerca de su adopción y futuro.Grado en Enologí

Context, Entorn i Servei : l'aprenentatge mitjançant projectes, de les àrees científiques a la Interdisciplinarietat

El treball en contextos rellevants que proposa l'Aprenentatge Basat en Projectes, implica que, a més dels continguts científics, el projecte recluti continguts d'altres matèries. Aquesta interdisciplinarietat té una gestió complexa que, d'altra banda, permet projectes més connectats al món real. En aquest article, es descriuen 5 projectes de diferents àmbits de la ciència (astronomia, diversitat biològica, genètica, histologia) que s'han desenvolupat de forma interdisciplinària en funció de les necessitats i oportunitats didàctiques de diversoscontextos, incloent museus, criminologia, gestió d'espais urbans i col·laboració amb institucions externes.Project-Based Learning approaches in Science Education imply working in real contexts, and this need the work from several disciplines. The interdisciplinary approach is complex to develop but allows to construct projects with strong connections with the real world. In this article, we describe 5 projects from different science contents (astronomy, life diversity, genetics histology) that have been developed in a interdiscipinar frame following the needs and opportunities of several contexts, including museums, criminology, urban spaces administration and collaboration with other non-scholar institutions

Trophic restoration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in long-term carotid body-grafted parkinsonian rats

We studied the mechanisms underlying long-term functional recovery of hemiparkinsonian rats grafted intrastriatally with carotid body (CB) cell aggregates. Amelioration of their motor syndrome is a result of the trophic actions of these grafts on the remaining ipsilateral substantia nigra neurons rather than of the release of dopamine from the CB grafts. The grafts maintain a stable morphological appearance and differentiated cell phenotype for the duration of the life of the host. Adult CB expresses high levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and the multicomponent GDNF receptor complex. These properties may contribute to the trophic actions of the CB transplants on nigrostriatal neurons and to their extraordinary longevity. We show that CB glomus cells, although highly dopaminergic, are protected from dopamine-mediated oxidative damage because of the absence of the high-affinity dopamine transporter. Thus, intrastriatal CB grafts are uniquely suited for long-term delivery of trophic factors capable of promoting restoration of the nigrostriatal pathway

Utilización de derivados de quinazolinas para enfermedades neurodegenerativas

Peer reviewedConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasT3 Traducción de patente europe

Skin autofluorescence–indicated advanced glycation end products as predictors of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in high-risk subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Chronic deposits of advanced glycation end products produced by enzymatic glycation have been suggested as predictors of atherosclerotic-related disorders. This study aimed to estimate the relationship between advanced glycation end products indicated by skin autofluorescence levels and the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality based on data from observational studies. Methods and Results We systematically searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the Web of Science databases from their inceptions until November 2017 for observational studies addressing the association of advanced glycation end products by skin autofluorescence levels with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The DerSimonian and Laird random-effects method was used to compute pooled estimates of hazard ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals for the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality associated with levels of advanced glycation end products by skin autofluorescence. Ten published studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Higher skin autofluorescence levels were significantly associated with a higher pooled risk estimate for cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio: 2.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-2.67), which might not be important to moderate heterogeneity (I2=34.7%; P=0.163), and for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.42-2.56) with substantial heterogeneity (I2=60.8%; P=0.0.18). Conclusions Our data suggest that skin autofluorescence levels could be considered predictors of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients at high and very high risk.Cavero-Redondo and Martínez-Hortelano are supported by a grant from the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (FPU13/ 01582 and PREDUCLM16/14, respectively). Soriano-Cano is supported by a grant from Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness (Fi 17/332). Garrido-Miguel and Berlanga-Macías are supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sport (FPU15/ 03847 and FPU16/02380, respectively).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Circulating Cytokines Could Not Be Good Prognostic Biomarkers in a Mouse Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Background: There is growing evidence of the role of inflammation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) during the last decade. Although the origin of ALS remains unknown, multiple potential inflammatory biomarkers have been described in ALS patients and murine models of this disease to explain the progressive motor neuron loss and muscle atrophy. However, the results remain controversial. To shed light on this issue, we aimed to identify novel biomarkers of inflammation that can influence disease progression and survival in serial blood samples from transgenic SOD1G93A mice, a model of ALS.Methods: A cytokine array assay was performed to analyze protein expression of 97 cytokines in plasma samples from wildtype controls and transgenic SOD1G93A mice at asymptomatic stage. Subsequently, serial plasma samples were obtained from SOD1G93A mice at early symptomatic, symptomatic and terminal stages to monitor cytokine levels during disease progression through immunoassays. Comparisons of means of quantifiable cytokines between short-and long-lived mice were analyzed by unrelated t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. Relationships between cytokines levels and survival time were assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results: A total of 16 cytokines (6Ckine, ALK-1, CD30 L, eotaxin-1, galectin-1, GITR, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17B R, MIP-1α, MIP-3β, RANKL, TROY, and VEGF-D) were found dysregulated in transgenic SOD1G93A mice at asymptomatic stage compared with age-matched controls. Immunoassays of serial samples revealed positive expression of ALK-1, GITR and IL-17B R at P60 and P90 in mice with shorter survival. In addition, eotaxin-1 and galectin-1 levels were significantly increased at terminal stage in SOD1G93A mice that showed shorter survival time. Finally, levels of eotaxin-1, galectin-1, IL-2, IL-6, MIP-1α, and TROY at P90 or endpoint negatively correlated with the longevity of transgenic mice.Conclusions: We demonstrated in the SOD1G93A model of ALS that increased levels of several cytokines were associated with a shorter lifespan. However, their role as prognostic biomarkers is unclear as their expression was very variable depending on both the disease stage and the subject. Nevertheless, cytokines may be potential therapeutic targets

Lifestyle and comorbid conditions as risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia in outpatient adults (NEUMO-ES-RISK project)

Introduction: Information about community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) risk in primary care is limited. We assess different lifestyle and comorbid conditions as risk factors (RF) for CAP in adults in primary care. Methods: A retrospective-observational-controlled study was designed. Adult CAP cases diagnosed at primary care in Spain between 2009 and 2013 were retrieved using the National Surveillance System of Primary Care Data (BiFAP). Age-matched and sex-matched controls were selected by incidence density sampling (ratio 2:1). Associations are presented as percentages and OR. Binomial regression models were constructed to avoid bias effects. Results: 51 139 patients and 102 372 controls were compared. Mean age (SD) was 61.4 (19.9) years. RF more significantly linked to CAP were: HIV (OR [95% CI]: 5.21 [4.35 to 6.27]), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (2.97 [2.84 to 3.12]), asthma (2.16 [2.07,2.26]), smoking (1.96 [1.91 to 2.02]) and poor dental hygiene (1.45 [1.41 to 1.49]). Average prevalence of any RF was 82.2% in cases and 69.2% in controls (2.05 [2.00 to 2.10]). CAP rate increased with the accumulation of RF and age: risk associated with 1RF was 1.42 (1.37 to 1.47) in 18-60-year-old individuals vs 1.57 (1.49 to 1.66) in >60 years of age, with 2RF 1.88 (1.80 to 1.97) vs 2.35 (2.23, 2.48) and with >/= 3 RF 3.11 (2.95, 3.30) vs 4.34 (4.13 to 4.57). Discussion: Prevalence of RF in adult CAP in primary care is high. Main RFs associated are HIV, COPD, asthma, smoking and poor dental hygiene. Our risk stacking results could help clinicians identify patients at higher risk of pneumonia