Warfarin-Induced Eosinophilic Pleural Effusion

A 29-year-old man suffering from dyspnea and eosinophilic pleural effusion after being on warfarin for pulmonary thromboembolism for a period of one month, was readmitted to our hospital. Etiology of pleural effusion other than warfarin was excluded. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of warfarin-induced pleural effusion reported in Korea

Impacts of coexisting bronchial asthma on severe exacerbations in mild-to-moderate COPD : results from a national database

Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Kyungjoo Kim for the confident statistical analyses in this work. This study was supported by a grant (2014P3300300) from the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The abstract of this paper was presented at the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology 20th Congress as an oral presentation with interim findings. The poster’s abstract was published in “Poster Abstracts” in Respirology.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Molecular networking and computational NMR analyses uncover six polyketide-terpene hybrids from termite-associated Xylaria isolates

DATA AVAILABILITY : Supplementary Information: contains copies of GNPS figures, all NMR spectra, HRMS spectra of clean compounds, comparison of calculated and measured NMR data, DP4+ probability analyses, BLAST results of antimicrobial activity screening, and in silico analysis of the px gene cluster within the genome of Xylaria sp., and crystal data and structure refinement data for compound 9. Supplementary Data 1: contains lists of calculated 1H and 13C chemical shifts for each determined conformer. Supplementary Data 2: Crystallographic Information File (CIF) for structure of compound 9. The X-ray crystallographic coordinates for structure of compound 9 reported in this study have also been deposited at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC), under deposition numbers CCDC-2347670. These data can be obtained free of charge from The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data_request/cif. All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary files. NMR data files and supplementary mass-spectrometry data files have also been deposited at Zenodo under the https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10978114.Fungi constitute the Earth’s second most diverse kingdom, however only a small percentage of these have been thoroughly examined and categorized for their secondary metabolites, which still limits our understanding of the ecological chemical and pharmacological potential of fungi. In this study, we explored members of the co-evolved termite-associated fungal genus Xylaria and identified a family of highly oxygenated polyketide-terpene hybrid natural products using an MS/MS molecular networking-based dereplication approach. Overall, we isolated six no yet reported xylasporin derivatives, of which xylasporin A (1) features a rare cyclic-carbonate moiety. Extensive comparative spectrometric (HRMS2) and spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR) studies allowed to determine the relative configuration across the xylasporin family, which was supported by chemical shift calculations of more than 50 stereoisomers and DP4+ probability analyses. The absolute configuration of xylasporin A (1) was also proposed based on TDDFT-ECD calculations. Additionally, we were able to revise the relative and absolute configurations of co-secreted xylacremolide B produced by single x-ray crystallography. Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis allowed us to deduce the putative biosynthetic assembly line of xylasporins in the producer strain X802, and could guide future engineering efforts of the biosynthetic pathway.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.https://www.nature.com/commschem/hj2024BiochemistryForestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsMicrobiology and Plant PathologySDG-15:Life on lan

Polyhalogenation of isoflavonoids by the termite-associated Actinomadura sp. RB99

The National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (2018R1A2B2006879); the International Leibniz Research School for Microbial and Biomolecular Interactions (ILRS), the School for Microbial Communication (JSMC, DFG), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Science Foundation) (BE 4799/3-1, CRC1127 project A6) and Project-ID 390713860 “Balance of the Microverse,” (Germany’s Excellence Strategy, EXC 2051).https://pubs.acs.org/journal/jnprdfhj2021BiochemistryForestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Phase-Controlled Multi-Dimensional-Structure SnS/SnS₂/CdS Nanocomposite for Development of Solar-Driven Hydrogen Evolution Photocatalyst

The quest for water-splitting photocatalysts to generate hydrogen as a clean energy source from two-dimensional (2D) materials has enormous implications for sustainable energy solutions. Photocatalytic water splitting, a major field of interest, is focused on the efficient production of hydrogen from renewable resources such as water using 2D materials. Tin sulfide and tin disulfide, collectively known as SnS and SnS2, respectively, are metal sulfide compounds that have gained attention for their photocatalytic properties. Their unique electronic structures and morphological characteristics make them promising candidates for harnessing solar energy for environmental and energy-related purposes. CdS/SnS/SnS2 photocatalysts with two Sn phases (II and IV) were synthesized using a solvothermal method in this study. CdS was successfully placed on a broad SnS/SnS2 plane after a series of characterizations. We found that it is composited in the same way as a core-shell shape. When the SnS/SnS2 phase ratio was dominated by SnS and the structure was composited with CdS, the degradation efficiency was optimal. This material demonstrated high photocatalytic hydrogenation efficiency as well as efficient photocatalytic removal of Cr(VI) over 120 min. Because of the broad light absorption of CdS, the specific surface area, which is the reaction site, became very large. Second, it served as a transport medium for electron transfer from the conduction band (CB) of the SnS to the CB of the SnS2. Because of the composite, these electrons flowed into the CB of CdS, improving the separation efficiency of the photogenerated carriers even further. This material, which was easily composited, also effectively prevented mineral corrosion, which is a major issue with CdS

Fabrication of New TiO₂ Photocatalyst for Removing Organic Dyes and Hazardous VOCs in Air Purifier System

We synthesized an amorphous Ti-based hydroperoxo complex (ATPC) using a facile method involvingonly titanium hydride (TiH2) and H2O2 under mild conditions. We chose TiH2 as the precursor because it has more reactive sites than metal oxides such as TiO2. Qualitative and quantitative optical measurements showed that our synthesized ATPC photocatalysts contained many hydroperoxo groups and various oxidation states of Ti (Ti2+, Ti3+, and Ti4+). Thus, the synthesized ATPC exhibits excellent photocatalytic properties with very fast rates of organic decolorization compared to other conventional visiblelight catalysts. The presence of many hydroperoxo complexes increases the formation of active radicals, which can degrade VOCs such as acetaldehyde in a gas phase. To test the application of the synthesized ATPC, we fabricated a filter system in an air purifier using ATPC coating layers and successfully removed the VOCs. We also proposed a possible photocatalytic oxidation mechanism with ATPC based on this study. It is important to conduct application tests as well as commercialization in photocatalytic experiments

Synthesis of Zinc-Titanium Oxide Nanocomposites by Plasma Jet and Its Application to Photocatalyst

In order to synthesize the zinc-titanium (Zn-Ti) oxide nanocomposites using an atmospheric soft plasma jet, in this study mixtures of Zn and Ti precursors such as zinc nitrate and titanium butoxide were first prepared with different molar ratios; the mixed precursors then stirred at 700 rpm for two hours with atmospheric plasma, while maintaining a temperature of 25 °C. All the synthesized Zn-Ti oxide nanocomposites were post-heat-treated at 600 °C for six hours in an electrical furnace. The morphology, particle shape and size, crystal structure, oxidation state, and composition ratio were analyzed using FE-SEM, XRD, SEM-EDS, and Raman spectroscopy. BET was measured to calculate the specific surface area of the Zn-Ti oxide nanocomposites. Photocatalytic activity tests were performed for an application study, with 10 mL of 10 ppm methylene blue dye. UV-visible spectroscopy was performed on five different samples in order to analyze the changes of photocatalytic reactions. When the composition ratio of Zn/Ti was 2/1, maximum photocatalytic efficiency was obtained. We also carried out a theoretical kinetic study

Anatomical Classification for Plantaris Tendon Insertion and Its Clinical Implications: A Cadaveric Study

The purposes of this study were to ascertain the morphological characteristics of a plantaris tendon (PT) insertion using a larger-scale dissection of Korean cadavers and to classify the types of PT insertion related to the calcaneal tendon (CT). A total of 108 feet from adult formalin-fixed cadavers (34 males, 20 females) were dissected. The morphological characteristics and measurements of the PT insertion were evaluated. Five types of PT insertion were classified, wherein the most common type was Type 1 (39 feet, 63.1%). Type 2 and Type 3 were similar, with 16 feet (14.8%) and 15 feet (13.9%), respectively. Type 4 (6 feet, 5.6%) was the rarest type, and Type 5 had 25 feet (23.1%). The case of an absent PT was noted in 7 feet (6.5%). In the proximal portion, the tendon had a thick and narrow shape, became thin and wide in the middle portion, and then changed to thick and narrow again just before the insertion into the calcaneal tuberosity. This study confirmed the five types according to the location of the PT and the area of its insertion-related CT. The morphology of the PT insertion may be anatomically likely to influence the occurrence of tendinopathy in the CT