1,959 research outputs found
Correction: Islam, R.A.; Rallis, C. Ribosomal Biogenesis and Heterogeneity in Development, Disease, and Aging. Epigenomes 2023, 7, 17
An Unusual Cause of Seizure in Clinical Practice
Neurocysticercosis (NCC), the infection caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium, is the most common parasitic disease of the nervous system (NS) in humans, where it is the leading cause of late-onset seizures in the endemic areas. Fortunately it is still rare in Bangladesh due to some religious binding in eating pork. Here we present a young man who came to us with Neurocysticercosis as the cause of recurrent seizure and various neurological manifestations
A genomic island integrated into recA of Vibrio cholerae contains a divergent recA and provides multi-pathway protection from DNA damage
© 2015 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Lateral gene transfer (LGT) has been crucial in the evolution of the cholera pathogen, Vibrio cholerae. The two major virulence factors are present on two different mobile genetic elements, a bacteriophage containing the cholera toxin genes and a genomic island (GI) containing the intestinal adhesin genes. Non-toxigenic V.cholerae in the aquatic environment are a major source of novel DNA that allows the pathogen to morph via LGT. In this study, we report a novel GI from a non-toxigenic V.cholerae strain containing multiple genes involved in DNA repair including the recombination repair gene recA that is 23% divergent from the indigenous recA and genes involved in the translesion synthesis pathway. This is the first report of a GI containing the critical gene recA and the first report of a GI that targets insertion into a specific site within recA. We show that possession of the island in Escherichia coli is protective against DNA damage induced by UV-irradiation and DNA targeting antibiotics. This study highlights the importance of genetic elements such as GIs in the evolution of V.cholerae and emphasizes the importance of environmental strains as a source of novel DNA that can influence the pathogenicity of toxigenic strains
An Unusual Cause of Rectal Bleeding -Report of Three Cases and Literature Review
Haemangioma of the rectum and colon is very rare malformation with only around 100 cases have been reported so far. Most commonly young adult is affected. Common site is recto sigmoid junction. Here we present three cases of rectal haemangioma affecting two males and one female patient. All were having cavernous type of haemangioma at rectum and recto sigmoid junction with one involving additional caecum and ascending colon. All the cases were misdiagnosed previously. Colonoscopy is the cornerstone for evaluation of these patients showing bluish discoloration with engorged mucosa. Rectum and sigmoid colon are commonly affected. Abdominoperineal resection was the favored procedure in the past. At present, definitive treatment of diffuse cavernous haemangioma (DCH) of rectum and sigmoid colon is excision of the involved bowel with sphincter saving procedure with either stapling or hand sewn anastomosis of colon and anal canal. Key words: Rectal haemangioma; sphincter saving surgery.DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v2i1.3709 BSMMU J 2009; 2(1): 36-3
An Unusual Cause of Rectal Bleeding -Report of Three Cases and Literature Review
Haemangioma of the rectum and colon is very rare malformation with only around 100 cases have been reported so far. Most commonly young adult is affected. Common site is recto sigmoid junction. Here we present three cases of rectal haemangioma affecting two males and one female patient. All were having cavernous type of haemangioma at rectum and recto sigmoid junction with one involving additional caecum and ascending colon. All the cases were misdiagnosed previously. Colonoscopy is the cornerstone for evaluation of these patients showing bluish discoloration with engorged mucosa. Rectum and sigmoid colon are commonly affected. Abdominoperineal resection was the favored procedure in the past. At present, definitive treatment of diffuse cavernous haemangioma (DCH) of rectum and sigmoid colon is excision of the involved bowel with sphincter saving procedure with either stapling or hand sewn anastomosis of colon and anal canal. Key words: Rectal haemangioma; sphincter saving surgery.DOI: 10.3329/bsmmuj.v2i1.3709 BSMMU J 2009; 2(1): 36-3
Wheat-barley hybridization – the last forty years
Abstract Several useful alien gene transfers have
been reported from related species into wheat (Triticum
aestivum), but very few publications have dealt
with the development of wheat/barley (Hordeum
vulgare) introgression lines. An overview is given
here of wheat 9 barley hybridization over the last
forty years, including the development of
wheat 9 barley hybrids, and of addition and translocation
lines with various barley cultivars. A short
summary is also given of the wheat 9 barley hybrids
produced with other Hordeum species. The meiotic
pairing behaviour of wheat 9 barley hybrids is presented,
with special regard to the detection of wheat–
barley homoeologous pairing using the molecular
cytogenetic technique GISH. The effect of in vitro
multiplication on the genome composition of intergeneric
hybrids is discussed, and the production and
characterization of the latest wheat/barley translocation
lines are presented. An overview of the agronomical
traits (b-glucan content, earliness, salt tolerance,
sprouting resistance, etc.) of the newly developed
introgression lines is given. The exploitation and
possible use of wheat/barley introgression lines for
the most up-to-date molecular genetic studies
(transcriptome analysis, sequencing of flow-sorted
chromosomes) are also discussed
Zofenopril Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Increasing Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Bioavailability.
Background: Zofenopril, a sulfhydrylated angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), reduces mortality and morbidity in infarcted patients to a greater extent than do other ACEIs. Zofenopril is a unique ACEI that has been shown to increase hydrogen sulfide (H2S) bioavailability and nitric oxide (NO) levels via bradykinin-dependent signaling. Both H2S and NO exert cytoprotective and antioxidant effects. We examined zofenopril effects on H2S and NO bioavailability and cardiac damage in murine and swine models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.
Methods and results: Zofenopril (10 mg/kg PO) was administered for 1, 8, and 24 hours to establish optimal dosing in mice. Myocardial and plasma H2S and NO levels were measured along with the levels of H2S and NO enzymes (cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase). Mice received 8 hours of zofenopril or vehicle pretreatment followed by 45 minutes of ischemia and 24 hours of reperfusion. Pigs received placebo or zofenopril (30 mg/daily orally) 7 days before 75 minutes of ischemia and 48 hours of reperfusion. Zofenopril significantly augmented both plasma and myocardial H2S and NO levels in mice and plasma H2S (sulfane sulfur) in pigs. Cystathionine β-synthase, cystathionine γ-lyase, 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase, and total endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels were unaltered, while phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthase(1177) was significantly increased in mice. Pretreatment with zofenopril significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and cardiac troponin I levels after I/R injury in both mice and swine. Zofenopril also significantly preserved ischemic zone endocardial blood flow at reperfusion in pigs after I/R.
Conclusions: Zofenopril-mediated cardioprotection during I/R is associated with an increase in H2S and NO signaling
The Hong-Ou-Mandel effect with atoms
Controlling light at the level of individual photons has led to advances in
fields ranging from quantum information and precision sensing to fundamental
tests of quantum mechanics. A central development that followed the advent of
single photon sources was the observation of the Hong-Ou- Mandel (HOM) effect,
a novel two-photon path interference phenomenon experienced by
indistinguishable photons. The effect is now a central technique in the field
of quantum optics, harnessed for a variety of applications such as diagnosing
single photon sources and creating probabilistic entanglement in linear quantum
computing. Recently, several distinct experiments using atomic sources have
realized the requisite control to observe and exploit Hong-Ou-Mandel
interference of atoms. This article provides a summary of this phenomenon and
discusses some of its implications for atomic systems. Transitioning from the
domain of photons to atoms opens new perspectives on fundamental concepts, such
as the classification of entanglement of identical particles. It aids in the
design of novel probes of quantities such as entanglement entropy by combining
well established tools of AMO physics - unity single-atom detection, tunable
interactions, and scalability - with the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference.
Furthermore, it is now possible for established protocols in the photon
community, such as measurement-induced entanglement, to be employed in atomic
experiments that possess deterministic single-particle production and
detection. Hence, the realization of the HOM effect with atoms represents a
productive union of central ideas in quantum control of atoms and photons.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure
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