GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN IBU HAMIL TENTANG HUBUNGAN SEKSUAL PADA KEHAMILAN TRIMESTER PERTAMA DI BPS KUSMAWATI SURABAYA

Hubungan seks berperan penting dalam keharmonisan pasangan suami istri, namun banyak pasangan yang berselisih pendapat tentang hubungan seksual pada kehamilan trimester pertama. Survei awal menunjukan dari 8 ibu hamil trimester pertama, 5 orang tidak bisa menikmati hubungan seksual karena takut dengan keadaan janin yang ada didalam kandungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang hubungan seksual pada kehamilan trimester pertama di BPS Kusmawati Surabaya. Desain penelitian ini deskriptif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil di BPS Kusmawati Surabaya dengan sampel sebesar 30 responden diambil menggunakan teknik total sampling. Variabel penelitian adalah tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang hubungan seksual pada kehamilan trimester pertama. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner. Pengolahan data dengan cara editing, scoring, coding, tabulasi data dan disajikan menggunakan tabel distribusi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dengan persentase. Hasil penelitian didapatkan hampir seluruhnya (80,0%) memiliki pengetahuan kurang, sebagian kecil (16,7%) memiliki pengetahuan baik, dan sebagian kecil (3,3%) memiliki pengetahuan cukup tentang hubungan seksual pada kehamilan trimester pertama. Simpulan dari hasil penelitian bahwa hampir seluruh responden memiliki pengetahuan kurang tentang hubungan seksual pada kehamilan trimester pertama. Disarankan tenaga kesehatan perlu memberikan konseling dengan informasi yang mudah dipahami oleh ibu hamil tentang hubungan seksual pada kehamilan trimester pertama

LANGUAGE SHIFT AND MAINTENANCE AMONG CHINESE COMMUNITY IN SURABAYA: A CASE OF NON-MIGRANT COMMUNITY

LANGUAGE SHIFT AND MAINTENANCE AMONG CHINESE COMMUNITY IN SURABAYA:  A CASE OF NON-MIGRANT COMMUNITY Rizky Silvia Putri Sastra Inggris, Language and Arts Faculty, State University of Surabaya [email protected] Drs. Slamet Setiawan, MA, Ph.D  English Literature, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Surabaya [email protected] Abstrak Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa Internasional dimana semua orang di dunia mengenal bahasa Inggris. Surabaya, sebagai kota besar di Indonesia menjadikan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa yang penting untuk dipelajari dan hal ini juga mempengaruhi area kerja dimana Bahasa Inggris adalah salah satu syarat untuk dikuasai oleh tenaga kerja. Fenomena ini membuat orang-orang mempelajari bahkan bahasa Inggris dipilih sebagai bahasa yang harus mereka kuasai. Penelitian ini berfokus pada komintas Cina di Surabaya yang memilih bahasa Inggris and menunjukan tanda untuk bergeser ke bahasa Inggris dan pemertahanan bahasa Indonesia. Keluarga yang dipilih yang mempunyai potensial untuk berbicara bahasa Inggris dan kemungkinan bergeser ke bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini mempunyai tiga tujuan: 1.) untuk mendeskripsikan bahasa yang digunakan oleh keluarga-keluarga  Cina, 2.) untuk mengetahui factor-faktor yang menyebabkan keluraga-keluarga Cina memilih bahasa Inggris, dan 3.) untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana keluarga-keluarga Cina mempertahankan bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian lapangan dipilih dalam penelitian ini. Penemuan dalam penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa factor dalam memilih bahasa Inggris dari pada bahasa Mandarin dan Indonesia menunjukkan tanda pergeseran ke bahasa Inggris. Ini karena bahasa Inggris mempunyai peranan yang penting dalam factor pergeseran bahasa: sifat dan nilai, social, demografi, dan ekonomi dan politik. Pemilihan bahasa Inggris karena beberapa factor juga sebuah tanda dari tiga keluraga Cina untuk bergeser ke bahasa Inggris: era modern, komunikasi, pendidikan, kehidupan mendatang, dan bahasa kebiasaan. Walaupun begitu, bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa ibu dan bahasa mayoritas yang digunakan oleh orang Surabaya dipertahankan. Sikap yang positif yang ditunjukkan oleh para orang tua dan anak-anak menunjukkan cara dalam mempertahankan bahasa Indonesia. Kata Kunci: pemilihan bahasa, pergeseran bahasa, pemilihan bahasa Abstract English is an international language where people around the world know English. Surabaya as urban and multilingual city in Indonesia put English as an important language to be learnt and it gives affect in working area where English one of language requirements where employees must able to speak it. This phenomena make people learn even choose English as one of language that they must mastered. This study focuses on Chinese community in Surabaya who chooses English and shows the precursor to shifts into English and the maintenance of Indonesian. The families have been chosen as they are potential agent to speak English and show the possibility to shift into English. The study has three goals: 1.) To describe the language is used by Chinese Family in Surabaya, 2.) To find out the factors that contributes Chinese family in choosing English, and 3.)To identify how do the Chinese Family maintain the Indonesian. Qualitative research approach has been chosen in this study. The instruments used were questionnaires and interviews. The findings of the study show that the factors of choosing English rather than Mandarin and Indonesian by three Chinese families as multilingual families show the precursor of shifting into English. This is because English has an important role to the factors of language shift: attitude and values, social, demographic, and economic and politic. The choice of English because of some factors also the precursor of these three Chinese families to shift into English: modern era, communication, education, future life, and language habit. However, Indonesian as mother tongue and majority language that is used by Surabaya people is maintained. The positive attitudes that are shown by parents and children show the way in maintaining Indonesian language. Keywords: Language choice, language shift, language maintenance INTRODUCTION English as an international language is nothing new in this modern world. Sharifi (2009: 2) said in general that English as an international language refers to a paradigm for thinking, research and practice. It marks a paradigm shift in Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL), SLA and the applied linguistics of English, partly in response to the complexities that are associated with the tremendously rapid spread of English around the globe in recent decades English has been categorized as an important language for non-native English speakers and the application of learning English for education even starts from in the very young age, for example in Surabaya. English has been taught in every school and needed almost in every working area. Surabaya is known as urban city which the center of business, industry, trade, and center of education. This is one of the most favorable places where businessman or business woman begin their career, place of education, and for job seeker. Surabaya is the second larger city after Jakarta and the capital of the province of East Java, and with total of population reaching over 3 million which make Surabaya is called as an urban city (http://www.surabaya.go.id/profilkota/index.php?id=22). While Lowenstein (1977:23) said that In general, populations in places of 2,500 or over were urban; those in places of less than 2,500 were rural This makes English become an important language choice by people in Surabaya and perhaps people will try to learn English to get a better future in life because the competition is real in urban areas. Chinese is one of ethnics which exist in Surabaya for a very long time ago. The first language brought in Surabaya was Mandarin because the Chinese at the first time was the result of migration. Meanwhile, the elder did not teach Mandarin as well as language inherited. This is happen because they do not living in China where Mandarin position as first and dominant language spoken. So, the situation is Mandarin does not function as the first language for young generation in Surabaya. In addition, it is considered too difficult with all its grammars, pronunciations, and intonations. It is said by Constance’s letter in Liu (2005:140) wrote that English was easier than Chinese because English only had twenty-six letters while Chinese had many characters and did not have a spelling system. So, the language most spoken by Chinese in Surabaya today is Indonesian and it is considered as mother tongue that inherits to the next generation. In this case, Chinese people, who see a future must be a better future and life  will think that English is needed to be learnt because there would be a competitor in urban city and must follow the modern era which make English is used almost in every places whether written or oral. Besides getting an English subject at school, parents might also put their children to the course, learning English and use it at home in daily communication. This use of language is chosen and spoken because of some favors. This is leading Chinese community tend to shift Indonesian into English. It is when people use a particular language in a particular area because of some favors. Chaer and Agustina (1995: 190) said that language shift is usually happened in a country or in an area which gives a big hope for the better social economic life. There are three research questions; (1) what language is used by Chinese family in Surabaya, (2) what factors that contribute Chinese family choose English?, (3) how does the Chinese family maintain the Indonesian language?. The purposes of this study are to identify the language used by Chinese family in Surabaya and the factors that contribute the families choose English. This study is expected to be able to enrich linguistics study dealing with phenomena of language shift among Chinese people in Surabaya. This study uses three members of Chinese family in Surabaya and focuses only with non-migrant communities which mean that they have been living for the next of three generation after the first Chinese ethnic who had been migrated in Surabaya. The topic language shift and it is not something new. It was already done by other ethnics who moved in Surabaya as migrants. The situation of choosing a new language in a new domain where they live in right now, make the use that language in order to be able in communicate with people in new domain. This situation makes them shift their ethnic language to other language because of some favors and the ethnic language on the other hand does not use in the new are where the majority of language used is in the place they live in now. This study was conducted by Wijayanti and Windarti about language shift that happen to migrant majorities. The first study was conducted by Wijayanti’s (2008) of “language shift and maintenance found in bataknese families in surabaya” indicated that the Bataknese who lives in Surabaya shift to a new and maintain the old one. She also wants to describe the social contexts which are responsible for language shift and language maintenance by Bataknese in Surabaya. Wijayanti divided the informants into two groups: young and old generations of Bataknese in Surabaya which were chosen in random whom might represent their community in Surabaya. The young generation represented language shift while the old generation represented language maintenance. While the second previous study was conducted by Windarti’s (2007) of “A Study of Language Shift among Flores People in Surabaya” is concerned about the shift of Flores language because of the speakers’ movement to another place (in this case, Flores people move to Java). Although the Flores people have very good ability to master Flores language, they have very positive attitude towards Flores language, and they also have such organization Flores family in Surabaya, most of the Flores people (parents) have never taught Flores language to their children. It is because Flores people think that it is unnecessary to teach Flores language in Surabaya. In addition, Windarti’s study took ten Flores families as the informants, who were divided into two categories, original Flores families (OFs), and mixed marriage Flores Families (MMs). Both of previous study above concerned about the language shift which occurs to the speaker who migrate to the another city and shift the language to majority language that is Surabaya language. Migration is the position which showing that most people who migrate to another city will use the language use in the place they migrate to. While in this study is concerned about the choice and the intensity of using English language that make three Chinese families tend to shift into English. The status of English in the world is one of factors that lead them to choose English. The subjects were 3 families consist of parents and children. The children here is represented their community who potential to choose English as language communication. The parents represented the figure that supported the children to use English and maintain Indonesian as mother tongue and majority language spoken by Surabaya people. There are some theories that are used in this study, but there are five main theories that support to answer the three research questions in this study. The first theory is about multilingualism that is said by Quay in Auer and Lie (2007: 45) that with the greater mobility of people and consequent cross-linguistic and cross cultural relationship, an increasing number of children are growing up with early exposure to two languages in the family. Indeed, more than two languages may be in the linguistic repertoire of the family, rendering a case of family multilingualism, the second is about the ability of multilingual that is said by Sridhar in Wardhaugh (2006: 96) who says that Multilinguals develop competence in each of the codes to the extent that they need it and for the contexts in which each of the languages is used.                The third is theory about factors of language choice by Setiawan (2013) suggests the certain reasons for language choice in bilingual or multilingual society from the city parent’s view: Emblematic value, strategic reason (politeness), pragmatic reason. The fourth is about factors contribute language shift by Holmes (2001) who says that there are several factors that contribute to language shift: Values and attitude, social, demographic, and economic and political. The last is about language maintenance by Chaer and Agustina (1995: 193) who explain that language maintenance is the matter with the attitude to be consistent in using a language among other languages.   RESEARCH METODE                 Qualitative or field research design is used in this study which mean to showing of human phenomena in the social interaction. The qualitative study is based on the quality which means to examine social meanings and grasp multiple perspectives in natural setting. According to Neuman (2007: 278), field research is based on naturalism, which is also used to study other phenomena (e.g. oceans, animals, plants, etc.). It involves observing ordinary events in natural settings, not in contrived, invented, or researcher-created-settings.                 The subjects in this study were 3 Chinese families in Surabaya who were born in Surabaya and living for the next of three generation for the first migration in Surabaya. The three Chinese families were multilingualism who able to speak three languages: Indonesian, Mandarin, and English. In this case, Indonesia was their mother tongue, not Mandarin.                 The sources of the data in this study were 3 Chinese families in Surabaya. They were parents and children. The data were information and opinion from each member and its parents. The data of research question number one, two and three are opinion and information about language used, factors contribute language shift, and the way of maintaining the Indonesian. The data are gotten from observation, Interview and questionnaires that are given to the subjects of the study; parents and children.    Since the subjects of this study were humans, the writer collected the data in the form of written and oral words from the subjects being observed. Besides that, the instruments and tools were used to support to the data collection technique. There are two kinds of techniques applied in this study; questionnaires, interview. The three instruments were used to answer the three research question; (1) language used by Chinese family in Surabaya, (2) factors contributes language choice, and (3) the maintaining of Indonesian language. After that the data that had been obtained will be transcribed, and then classified the data. The last process is analyzing the data with the theory used in this study.   RESULT AND DISCUSSION In this section, it collects all the data findings in result section and to be related with the theories provided. The data has founded is Multilingualism, Factors contribute language choice and the effort in Maintaining the Indonesian Language.   Result In this section, it presents all data analyses gotten by related to research question number one, two, and three. In this part, there is no theory to be discussed which relate to the result. It will answer three research questions; language used, factors contribute language choice, and maintain Indonesian language. Then, the result is explained in the following parts:   Language Used by Chinese Families in Surabaya The three Chinese families were known as multilingual families because they were able to speak in three languages; Mandarin, Indonesian and English. These languages have its position and function towards these families. The position and function of these languages will be explained below:           Mandarin Language Mandarin was one of languages that were used by three Chinese families in Surabaya. Mandarin still considered as minority language and not all people in Surabaya understood and wanted to spoke this language. As the result, Mandarin was only spoken by people who able to speak this language, such us Chinese who worked at international Chinese company and Mandarin teacher who used Mandarin in teaching and learning method in school and Mandarin course places. It had been spoken also by the elder who had been living in Surabaya in past time but it did not now. The children also argued that Chinese was important but they did not speak it because they were not living in country where Mandarin is positioning as Majority. This opinion was gotten from the subject of the study that both children and parents were giving the same opinion about their ethnic language. The conversation is written below: Data 1: Mother A: menurut saya bahasa Mandarin itu penting karena menunjukkan identitas kami sebagai orang Cina. Tapi bahasa Mandarin jarang dipakai jadi saya tidak ngomong dengan bahasa Mandarin. Dan juga menurut saya bahasa Mandarin terlalu ribet dan sulit. Saya cuman bisa sedikit tapi hanya dipakai sama saudara dan temen. (I think Mandarin is important because it shows our identity. But, I also understand that it is not a majority language to be spoken in Surabaya because in here people use Indonesian. And it is also considered to be difficult. I only speak a little with my sibling and my friends). In this case, mother A only used Mandarin with her friends but only a little. This was because she did not speak well and it was too difficult. Mandarin language was only a sign to show her identity.   Indonesian Language Indonesian language is the majority language that is spoken by people in Surabaya. Since Mandarin did not inherit to the three Chinese families, Indonesian was known as their mother tongue. Mother tongue is the language that is used and taught by parents to their children in daily activities and the result of mother language usually comes up as the first language of the children and parents. The evidence of Indonesian language as mother tongue for Chinese family can be seen on the information of each parent below.   Table 1. The evidence of Indonesian language that is used as mother tongue Mother A Mother B Mother C bahasa indonesia ya bahasa ibu dikeluarga kami. Soalnya dari kecil orang tua ngomongnya ya pakek bahasa Indonesia. (Indonesian is our mother tongue because it inherits by my parents). dari kecil saya pakek bahasa Indonesia, soalnya orang tua kalo ngomong ke kita ya pakek bahasa Indonesia. (I use indonesia since I was a kid because my parents also speak Indonesian to us). I was speaking Indonesian when I was a kid because parents taught that language to me. Meanwhile, we are living in Surabaya, so we must understand about Indonesian.   From the table above, it proved that the three Chinese families used Indonesian as mother language because they were living in the area where Indonesian was used by people surrounding. In addition, the old generation also taught them spoke Indonesian. So, Indonesian was recognized as Chinese mother tongue.   English Language English was the language that was also used by three Chinese families. English was becoming their language because it had an important role in many aspects: education and job opportunities. It was also known as International language and positioned as foreign language. English was one of foreign languages that are taught at every school since a long time.it was seen that Child C learnt English since she was a child. And it was also her language used. Data 2: Child C: yeah,, My parents taught me English since I was a child. They also sent me to English course. From the information above, English was her language used. It was proven that she her parents taught her English when she was a child and they also sent her to English course. It means that she used English as one of her languages used. On the other hand, English became a dominant language used by three Chinese families in Surabaya. It was argued by Family A and B that English must become the children’s dominant language. They are stated as follow: Data 3: Father A:  kami sudah terbiasa ngomong pakek bahasa Inggris. Itu sudah terbiasa karena digereja dan tempat kerja ya bahasa inggris yang dpakai. Di rumah kami juga ngomong pakek bahasa inggris.. ya biar tambah lancar aja apalagi sama anak saya. Wajib itu mbak, meskipun gak setiap hari. (we used to speak in English. it is so because I speak it in church and working place because English is used there. I also speak English at home.. it is because we will be fluent in it, especially with my children. It is a must even not in everyday communication). English became a dominant language to family A because they used to speak English almost in many domains: church, home, and working area. Father A supported his statement that English was also used at home in order to fluent their family English speaking. And it was strongly said that “wajib itu mbk meskipun gak setiap hari (it is a must even not in everyday communication)”.  So, from the statement above, English is recognized as their dominant language. It was

PENGARUH CITRA MEREK DAN FITUR TERHADAP PROSES KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN HANDPHONE/SMARTPHONE MEREK SMARTFREN (Suvey Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Pasundan Bandung)

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanggapan citra merek, fitur dan proses keputusan pembelian, serta mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh citra merek dan fitur terhadap proses keputusan pembelian baik secara simultan maupun parsial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan verifikatif. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen produk Smartphone merek Smartfreen ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Citra Merek dan Fitur Terhadap Proses Keputusan pembelian konsumen. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu data primer .Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu membagikan kuisioner kepada 92 responden dari populasi 2.586 selama 5 bulan konsumen produk Smartphone merek Smartfreen. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linier berganda, analisis korelasi ganda dan analisis koefisien determinasi. Pengujian hipotesis ini melalui uji F untuk simultan dan uji t untuk parsial dengan menggunakan program SPSS 23.0 for winndows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan citra merek dan fitur berpengaruh signifikan terhadap proses keputusan pembelian. Secara parsial, citra merek berpengaruh signifikan terhadap proses keputusan pembelian dan fitur berpengaruh signifikan terhadap proses keputusan pembelian. Kata Kunci: Citra Merek, Fitur dan Proses Keputusan Pembelia

Error Analysis in Short Dialogue Using Future Tense

Error analysis plays an important role in investigating errors in the acquisition of a second or foreign language. This error analysis is part of the investigation into the process of learning English. The research aimed of this study is to analyze the types of errors made by the students of SMAN 2 Semarang on writing future tense sentences in a short dialogue. In this research, the researchers will discuss the types of interlingual errors. Qualitative descriptive methods used to find the types of errors that made by the students. The data was gathered through written task in the form of students’ writing short dialogue in  English using future tense. The Findings showed that the researchers found a non-contrastive analysis which was divided into 4 such as, over-generalization, ignorance of rules restrictions, incomplete application of rules, and hypothesized false concepts. As a result of student work, based on the frequency of each aspect of error the highest level error found is hypothesized false concepts. So that students still do not fully understand the topic and context discussed in the future tense sentence. Therefore, students must continue to learn to understand the rules of sentence structure and the teacher also develops more teaching methods so that students can easily understand the material. 

CONVERSATIONAL AND SCALAR IMPLICATURES IN ALLIANZ’S ADVERTISEMENTS

Abstrak Studi ini berkaitan dengan fenomena periklanan dan penggunaannya di berbagai media. Sebagai pembaca, orang-orang diharapkan untuk memenuhi makna yang ditunjukkan oleh perusahaan tertentu dengan menggunakan iklan. Tidak semua pembaca mengerti, tetapi mereka semua tahu esensi dari sebuah iklan adalah untuk membujuk mereka membeli produk atau bergabung dengan layanan tertentu yang ditawarkan. Data dari penelitian ini adalah iklan Allianz yang diterbitkan di negara-negara seperti Jerman. Penelitian penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori implikatur dan maksim yang diajukan oleh Grice (1991). Bahwa Allianz menggunakan konteks untuk membangun pemahaman bersama dengan para pembaca juga merupakan cara untuk berkomunikasi secara efektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengungkap jenis-jenis implikatur dalam iklan Allianz menurut pragmatik. Dari hasil tersebut, dapat ditemukan bahwa implikatur yang paling banyak diterapkan adalah percakapan, baik umum maupun khusus, dan juga skalar. Selain itu, fungsi iklan mencari perhatian dan membangun perasaan ketidaknyamanan para pembaca karena membujuk mereka membeli atau bergabung dengan apa yang ditawarkan Allianz yang terkait dengan tuntutan atau kebutuhan kehidupan sosial. Kata kunci: pragmatik, implikatur, maksim, iklan. Abstract This study concerns on the phenomenon of advertising and the use of advertisements in any media. As the readers, people are expected to meet the meaning that a certain company points out by the use of advertisements. Not all of the readers understand, but they all know the essence of an advertisement is to persuade them buying any products or joining a certain service offered. The data of this study are Allianz’s advertisements which are published in countries like Germany as most. The research of this study is done by using the theory of implicatures and maxims proposed by Grice (1991). That Allianz uses context to build mutual understanding with the readers is also a way to communicate effectively. This study is done to reveal the types of implicatures in Allianz’s advertisements according to pragmatics. From the result, it can be found that the most implicatures applied is conversational, both generalized and particularized, and also scalar. Besides, the functions of the advertisements are seeking attention and building the feeling of insecurities of the readers due to persuading them buying or joining what Allianz has offered which is related to social life demands or needs. Keywords: pragmatics, implicatures, maxims, advertisements

EXPLORING ELT TEACHER’S PERSPECTIVE OF PROJECT-BASED ASSESSMENT

There are two aims of this research; (1) to describe the perceptions of the teachers about project-based assessment, (2) to describe teachers’ barriers to implementing the project-based assessment. In this study, the researcher used descriptive qualitative research. The participants are 3 English teachers who have been taught more than 5 years. The Data was gathered through an open-ended questionnaire.  After that, the researcher analyzed the data by transcribing, coding, and interpreting the data finally the writer reported the data qualitatively. The result showed that the English teachers had a positive perception of implementing the project-based assessment also they create lesson plans first before teaching and applying project-based as their assessment, the barriers are time allotment which needs more time, and the unreadiness of the students in applying project-based as the assessment. The teachers hope another teacher can apply PBA maximally so that they can achieve the objective of the learning

Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pembiayaan Bermasalah pada Bank Umum Syariah di Indonesia

This study aims to determine the effect of the quality of implementing GCG, size bank, distribution of murabahah financing, liquidity and profitability on non performing financing. The research sample is 10 Sharia Commercial Banks (BUS) registered at Bank Indonesia. This studies use multiple regression analysis. The result showed that the quality of implementing GCG in this study has a positive effect on non performing financing. However, size bank, distribution of murabahah financing, liquidity and profitability has no effect on non performing financing

Conceptualization of Gender Equality as the Protection of Women in Family Law Cases

Gender equality is a fundamental concept in achieving social justice and the protection of human rights. Women often face gender discrimination, gender-based violence, sexist stereotypes, and a patriarchal culture that contributes to gender injustice against women. Therefore, the protection of women in conflict with the law must be strengthened through an approach that focuses on gender equality. Especially in family law cases in the Religious Courts where it involves women. The issues raised are regarding the concept of gender equality as protection of women and what is the concept of gender equality as protection of women in family law cases? This type of research is library research or literature study. The results of this study can conclude that the concept of gender equality has been enshrined as one of the principles in adjudicating cases of women dealing with the law as stated in Article 2 of Supreme Court Regulation No. 03 of 2017 as a form of protection in family law cases. In the actualization of the principle of gender equality, when adjudicating women’s cases in the field of family law, judges are required to be gender sensitive. The role of judges in carrying out judicial functions and authority should indeed focus more on legal objectives. It is also necessary to pay attention to the principle of ex aequo et bono, which is stated in the subsidiary demands. This principle provides flexibility for judges to explore the law as widely as possible in order to uphold justice. Keywords: equality, family, gender, la

Strategi Keamanan Siber Malaysia

This research discusses the analysis of security strategy policies made by the Malaysian government in the protection and development of Malaysian cyberspace. This research will explain in detail the strategy of developing challenges as well as the aspects that support the Malaysian cyber space to be saved by the Malaysian cyber space. This research will further discuss the Malaysian security strategy through the official document of the Malaysian security strategy which will later be analyzed through the MAXQDA and GEPHI applications in order to classify the various categories that support it. This research will use the security concept published by Hao Yeli in Three - Perspective Theory of Cyber ​​Sovereignty to classify ideas and data. This research finds that the security of the Malaysian system needs to be developed from both capacity and capability so that the government needs to work together with various related parties   Keywords: Cyber Security, Cybersecurity Challenges, Soveignty   Abstrak   Penelitian ini membahas tentang analisis kebijakan strategi keamanan siber yang dibuat oleh pemerintah Malaysia dalam perlindungan dan pengembangan keamanan ruang siber Malaysia. Penelitian ini akan menjelaskan secara details strategi, tantangan serta aspek – aspek yang mendukung pengembangan ruang siber Malaysia guna mengamankan ruang siber Malaysia. Penelitian ini akan membahas lebih jauh strategi keamanan Malaysia melalui dokumen resmi strategi keamanan siber Malaysia yang nantinya akan di bedah melalui aplikasi MAXQDA dan GEPHI guna mengklasifikasikan berbagai kategori yang mendukung. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan konsep keamanan yang dipublikasikan oleh Hao Yeli dalam A Three – Perspective Theory of Cyber Sovereignty guna mengkasifikasikan gagasan dan data dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa keamanan siber Malaysia perlu dikembangkan baik dari kapasitas maupun kapabilitas sehingga pemerintah Malasyaia perlu bekerjasama dengan berbagai pihak yang terkait.   Kata kunci: Cyber Security, Tantangan Keamanan Cyber, Kedaulata