Position Sensitive Micro-Strip and Micro-Pixel Detectors

Physics and techniques of the metal foil detectors measuring and imaging charged particles and synchrotron radiation beams are presented. An extremely low thickness (~1 micron) of the Metal Micro-strip Detector (MMD) combined with its high radiation tolerance (~100 MGy) introduces an opportunity to keep a device in the beam, permanently. ‘In-situ’ operation of the MMD provides non-destructive beam diagnostics in real time. The applications of the micro-strip as well as micropixel detectors are briefly described.Наведені фізичні та технічні характеристики металевих детекторів для вимірювання та візуалізації профілю пучків заряджених частинок і синхротронного випромінювання. Надзвичайно мала товщина (~1 мкм) детекторного матеріалу мікростріпового металевого детектора (ММД) у поєднанні з високою радіаційною стійкістю (~100 МГр) дозволяє проводити визначення пучків на постійній основі. In-situ робота MMД забезпечує неруйнівну променеву діагностику в реальному часі. Коротко описано застосування мікро-стріпових та мікро-піксельних детекторів.Приведены физические и технические характеристики металлических детекторов для измерения и визуализации профиля пучков заряженных частичек и синхротронного излучения. Чрезвычайно малая толщина (~1 мкм) детекторного материала микро-стрипового металлического детектора (ММД) в сочетании с высокой радиационной стойкостью (~100 МГр) позволяет проводить определение пучков на постоянной основе. Іn-sіtu работа MMД обеспечивает неразрушающую лучевую диагностику в реальном времени. Кратко описано применение микро-стриповых и микро-пиксельных детекторов

Plasma technologies for manufacturing of micro-strip metal detectors of ionizing radiation

The manufacturing of elements of micro-strip metal detectors (MSMD) for ionizing radiation applying plasma-chemistry technologies for etching of multilayer structures is described in details. Results obtained by using plasma-chemistry technologies for MSMD production as well as its advantages in comparison with a wet chemical etching, problems arising and possible ways of their elimination are presented.Приведено детальний опис технології виготовлення елементів мікростріпових металевих детекторів іонізуючого випромінювання (МСМД) з застосуванням плазмохімічного травлення багатошарових структур. Представлено результати застосування плазмохімічної технології виготовлення МСМД, її переваги перед хімічним травленням, а також виникаючі при цьому проблеми та можливі шляхи їх усунення.Приводится подробное описание изготовления элементов микростриповых металлических детекторов (МСМД) ионизирующих излучений с использованием плазмохимической технологии травления многослойных структур. Показаны результаты использования плазмохимии в технологии изготовления МСМД, её преимущества в сравнении с применением химического травления, а также возникающие при этом проблемы и возможные пути их устранения

Measurement of relative branching fractions of B decays to ψ(2S)\psi(2S) and J/ψJ/\psi mesons

The relative rates of B-meson decays into $J/\psi$ and $\psi(2S)$ mesons are measured for the three decay modes in pp collisions recorded with the LHCb detector. The ratios of branching fractions ($\mathcal{B}$) are measured to be $\frac{\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to \psi(2S) K^+)}{\mathcal{B}(B^+ \to J/\psi K^+)} = 0.594 \pm 0.006 (stat) \pm 0.016 (syst) \pm 0.015 (R_{\psi})$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to \psi(2S) K^{*0})}{\mathcal{B}(B^0 \to J/\psi K^{*0})} = 0.476 \pm 0.014 (stat) \pm 0.010 (syst) \pm 0.012\,(R_{\psi})$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}^{0}_{s}(B^0_s \to \psi(2S)\phi)}{\mathcal{B}(B^0_s \to J/\psi\phi)} = 0.489 \pm 0.026 (stat) \pm 0.021 (syst) \pm 0.012\,(R_{\psi})$ where the third uncertainty is from the ratio of the $\psi(2S)$ and $J/\psi$ branching fractions to $\mu\mu$.Comment: 14 pages, 1 figur

Observation of X(3872) production in pp collisions at √s=7TeV

Using 34.7 pb−1 of data collected with the LHCb detector, the inclusive production of the X(3872) meson in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV is observed for the first time. Candidates are selected in the X(3872)→J/ψπ+π− decay mode, and used to measure σ(pp→X(3872)+anything)B(X(3872)→J/ψπ+π−) = 5.4 ±1.3 (stat)±0.8 (syst) nb, where σ(pp →X(3872) + anything) is the inclusive production cross section of X(3872) mesons with rapidity in the range 2.5–4.5 and transverse momentum in the range 5–20 GeV/c. In addition the masses of both the X(3872) and ψ(2S) mesons, reconstructed in the J/ψπ+π− final state, are measured to be mX(3872) = 3871.95± 0.48 (stat)±0.12 (syst) MeV/c2 and mψ(2S) = 3686.12±0.06 (stat) ±0.10 (syst) MeV/c2

Triple nuclear collisions – a new method to explore the matter properties under new extreme conditions

We suggest to explore an entirely new method to experimentally and theoretically study the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter based on the triple nuclear collisions (TNC).We simulated the TNC using the UrQMD 3.4 model at the beam center of- mass collision energies $\sqrt {{S_{NN}}} = 200\,{\rm{GeV}}\,{\rm{and}}\,\sqrt {{S_{NN}}} = 2.76\,{\rm{TeV}}$. It is found that in the most central and simultaneous TNC the initial baryonic charge density is about 3 times higher than the one achieved in the usual binary nuclear collisions at the same energies. As a consequence, the production of protons and Λ-hyperons is increased by a factor of 2 and 1.5, respectively. Using the MIT Bag model equation we study the evolution of the central cell in TNC and demonstrate that for the top RHIC energy of collision the baryonic chemical potential is 2-2.5 times larger than the one achieved in the binary nuclear collision at the same time of reaction. Based on these estimates, we show that TNC offers an entirely new possibility to study the QCD phase diagram at very high baryonic charge densities

HERA-g, a new experiment for glueball, hybrid and odderon studies at DESY. Proposal for a new experimental program using the existing HERA-B detector

textabstractObjectives: To assesses whether automated brain image analysis with quantification of structural brain changes improves diagnostic accuracy in a memory clinic setting. Methods: In 42 memory clinic patients, we evaluated whether automated quantification of brain tissue volumes, hippocampal volume and white matter lesion volume improves diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), compared to visual interpretation. Reference data were derived from a dementia-free aging population (n = 4915, aged >45 years), and were expressed as age- and sex-specific percentiles. Experienced radiologists determined the most likely imaging-based diagnosis based on structural brain MRI using three strategies (visual assessment of MRI only, quantitative normative information only, or a combination of both). Diagnostic accuracy of each strategy was calculated with the clinical diagnosis as the reference standard. Results: Providing radiologists with only quantitative data decreased diagnostic accuracy both for AD and FTD compared to conventional visual rating. The combination of quantitative with visual information, however, led to better diagnostic accuracy compared to only visual ratings for AD. This was not the case for FTD. Conclusion: Quantitative assessment of structural brain MRI combined with a reference standard in addition to standard visual assessment may improve diagnostic accuracy in a memory clinic setting

HERA-B: an experiment to study CP violation in the B system using an internal target at the HERA proton ring

After a description of a proposal for using the HERA facility as B factory by means of an internal target the proposal for an experiment is described, where Cp violation is studied in the decay B"0#->#J/#psi#K_S for B's inclusively produced in pp-interactions at 800 GeV/c. Chapter 2 presents details of the internal target and the components of the de. Prototypes of the internal target together with simple trigger and detector systems have been installed in the HERA proton ring since 1992, and have evolved into fairly sophisticated tools; the experience gained from these tests is summarized in chapter 3. Chapter 4 describes the simulation of the detector, its expected performance, and the physics reach of the experiment. Logistics and costs of the proposed experiment are addressed in chapter 5. (orig./HSI)Available from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman