MUJERES, Y TAMBIÉN ARQUEOLOGÍA. SEXUAR EL PASADO Y EL PRESENTE

Sexingthereality,eitherinthepastandthepresent,highlightingtheroleofwomen, as a group that must assume the work of basic production of bodies, is what allows us to address the material conditions and the quality of life and access to social wealth in its existence. Against the ideology of Capitalism, and the persistence of Patriarchy, we question the individualism and relativism that has been imposing notions and approaches alien to feminist fights in the recent decades, also in Archaeology. Therefore, we underline the need not to confuse dimensions that involve women, so that work, economy and production, sexual orientation, political classifications and ideological and identity referents are clearly demarcated and contextualized. Finally, we consider evidence and problems of the reality of women in archaeological research in the South Coast of Peru (from the Chincha valley to the Rio Grande de Nasca basin), between c. 1400 cal BCE and 400 cal CE), using information on attires.Sexuar la realidad, en el pasado y el presente, destacando el protagonismo de las mujeres, como colectivo que necesariamente asume el trabajo de la producción de sujetos sociales, nos permite abordar las condiciones materiales, la calidad de vida y el acceso a la riqueza social existente en una comunidad. Frente a la ideología del Capitalismo, y a la persistencia del Patriarcado, cuestionamos el individualismo y relativismo que insistentemente impone nociones y enfoques ajenos a las luchas feministas en las últimas décadas. A esta circunstancia no ha sido ajena la Arqueología. Por eso subrayamos la necesidad de no confundir dimensiones y conceptos que involucren a las mujeres, de manera que trabajo, economía y producción, orientación sexual, clasificaciones políticas y referentes ideológicos e identitarios queden claramente demarcados y contextualizados. Finalmente, esbozamos evidencias y problemas de la realidad del colectivo femenino en investigaciones arqueológicas en la Costa Sur del Perú (desde el valle de Chincha a la cuenca del Río Grande de Nasca), entre c. 1400 cal ANE y 400 cal DNE), utilizando información sobre atuendos

Characterization and in vitro spread of mesquite (Prosopis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) M.C.Johnst.)

Objective: To analyze fruit characteristics, genetic diversity, and in vitro spread of mesquite genotypes (Prosopis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl.) ex Willd.) from the plains of Ojuelos-Aguascalientes, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: Fruit and leaf samples were collected from 20 mesquite genotypes to analyze and extract DNA to determine their diversity using RAPDs. Simultaneously, in vitro spread tests were performed. Results: The Ojuelos de Jalisco genotype stood out for the weight of its fruits, while La Presa genotype stood out for its degrees Brix. Genotypes were grouped according to their best growth condition for their genetic analysis. In in vitro spread, AG3 with IBA allowed stem/shoot elongation and root formation; meanwhile, AgNO3 prevents leaf fall, allowing rooting and transfer to the soil. Study Implications/Limitations: This study about mesquite (P. laevigata) was limited to the plains of Ojuelos-Aguascalientes. Findings/Conclusions: Mesquite plants from the Ojuelos-Aguascalientes subregion, Mexico, were identified and georeferenced; likewise, a methodology for its in vitro spread was developed

Study of Quasispecies Complexity and Liver Damage Progression after Liver Transplantation in Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients

Fibrosis; Hepatitis C virus; Viral loadFibrosis; Virus de la hepatitis C; Carga viralFibrosi; Virus de l'hepatitis C; Càrrega viralCirrhosis derived from chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is still a common indication for liver transplantation (LT). Reinfection of the engrafted liver is universal in patients with detectable viral RNA at the time of transplant and causes fast progression of cirrhosis (within 5 years) in around one-third of these patients. To prevent damage to the liver graft, effective direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy is required as soon as possible. However, because of post-LT clinical instability, it is difficult to determine the optimal time to start DAAs with a low risk of complications. Evaluate changes in quasispecies complexity following LT and seek a predictive index of fast liver damage progression to determine the timing of DAA initiation. HCV genomes isolated from pre-LT and 15-day post-LT serum samples of ten patients, who underwent orthotopic LT, were quantified and sequenced using a next-generation sequencing platform. Sequence alignments, phylogenetic trees, quasispecies complexity measures, biostatistics analyses, adjusted R2 values, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were carried out. Three different patterns of reinfection were observed (viral bottlenecking, conserved pre-LT population, and mixed populations), suggesting that bottlenecking or homogenization of the viral population is not a generalized effect after liver graft reinfection. None of the quasispecies complexity measures predicted the future degree of liver damage. Higher and more uniform viral load (VL) values were observed in all pre-LT samples, but values were more dispersed in post-LT samples. However, VL increased significantly from the pre-LT to 15-day post-LT samples in patients with advanced fibrosis at 1-year post-LT, suggesting that a VL increase on day 15 may be a predictor of fast liver fibrosis progression. HCV kinetics after LT differ between patients and are not fibrosis-dependent. Higher VL at day 15 post-LT versus pre-LT samples may predict fast liver fibrosis progression.This study was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) with grant numbers PI19/00533, PI19/00301, Clinical Trial Gov. Identifier: NCT01707849, and from Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial-CDTI of the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness (MINECO) grant number, IDI-20200297. C.P. is supported by the Miguel Servet program of Instituto de Salud Carlos III, grant CP14/00121, cofinanced by the ERDF. Astellas Pharma Inc and Novartis Pharma also provided funding for the study, but these companies had had no role in the study design, data collection or analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Fatty acids composition and age estimation of wild Octopus vulgaris paralarvae

Under culture conditions, lipid composition and specifically, the fatty acid profile of reared paralarvae is significantly different from hatchlings. Therefore, comparing wild paralarvae and reared paralarvae of similar age would allow us to elucidate if the changes in fatty acid profile are related with a non-optimal prey composition or are caused by the normal development. The aim of this study was analyze, for the very first time, the fatty acid profile of wild Octopus vulgaris paralarvae individually, determining for each paralarvae their age through deposition of daily increments on lateral hood surface of the beaks. The main goal is to clear up lipid requirements of paralarvae and optimise the diet of reared paralarvae

Fatty acid composition and age estimation of wild Octopus vulgaris paralarvae

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Graph based study of allergen cross-reactivity of plant lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) using microarray in a multicenter study.

The study of cross-reactivity in allergy is key to both understanding. the allergic response of many patients and providing them with a rational treatment In the present study, protein microarrays and a co-sensitization graph approach were used in conjunction with an allergen microarray immunoassay. This enabled us to include a wide number of proteins and a large number of patients, and to study sensitization profiles among members of the LTP family. Fourteen LTPs from the most frequent plant food-induced allergies in the geographical area studied were printed into a microarray specifically designed for this research. 212 patients with fruit allergy and 117 food-tolerant pollen allergic subjects were recruited from seven regions of Spain with different pollen profiles, and their sera were tested with allergen microarray. This approach has proven itself to be a good tool to study cross-reactivity between members of LTP family, and could become a useful strategy to analyze other families of allergens

ESTIMACIÓN DE LA EDAD Y DETERMINACIÓN DEL PERFIL DE ÁCIDOS GRASOS EN PARALARVAS SALVAJES DE PULPO COMÚN (Octopus vulgaris)

Bajo condiciones de cultivo, la composición lipídica y, específicamente, el perfil de ácidos grasos de las paralarvas cultivadas, es significativamente diferente al de las paralarvas recién eclosionadas. Por tanto, la comparación entre paralarvas salvajes y cultivadas de edad equivalente, permitiría dilucidar si estos cambios detectados en el perfil de ácidos grasos están relacionados con una dieta inadecuada o son causados por el propio desarrollo de la paralarva. En el presente estudio, se analizó por primera vez de forma individual el perfil de ácidos grasos de paralarvas salvajes de Octopus vulgaris y se determinó su edad a través de la deposición diaria de los incrementos en los picos, con el objetivo de profundizar en los requerimientos lipídicos de las paralarvas a lo largo del desarrollo y de esta forma intentar optimizar la dieta de los ejemplares en cultivo

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality