Oportunidades de la gestión del capital humano en las spin-offs universitarias. Un análisis dinámico

La creació de spin-offs universitàries hauria de constituir un dels pilars sobre els quals s'assentés el desenvolupament del teixit empresarial d'un país. No obstant això, de les anàlisis fetes es desprenen dos factors que en limiten el creixement: les dificultats d'accés a fonts de finançament i la manca d'habilitats de gestió de l'equip emprenedor. Per a poder contribuir a solucionar la segona de les dificultats detectades, s'ha fet una anàlisi destinada a explicar com la implantació de determinades polítiques de recursos humans pot afectar la creació i manteniment del capital humà en les spin-offs universitàries, i amb això contribuir a una gestió més eficient del seu valor al mercat. A partir del diagnòstic de quina és la consideració del capital humà en les spin-offs espanyoles, s'ha desenvolupat una anàlisi causal que planteja l'adquisició i manteniment del capital humà com un dilema estratègic per a aquest tipus d'organitzacions. De l'anàlisi feta s'han derivat una sèrie de polítiques proposades que, tenint en compte les característiques diferencials de les spin-offs universitàries, s'encaminen a afavorir la captació, el desenvolupament i la retenció del seu capital humà com a base de la seva competitivitat empresarial.Creating university spin-offs (USOs) should be one of the cornerstones of a country's business development. Yet a number of studies have identified two factors that limit their growth: access to funding difficulties and a lack of management skills among entrepreneurial teams. In order to identify potential solutions for the latter of those factors, an analysis was performed to determine how the implementation of certain human resources policies affects the creation and retention of human capital in USOs. If successfully implemented, such policies can contribute to a more efficient management of the market value of such organisations. So, after diagnosing what the human capital component of Spanish USOs is considered to be, a causal analysis was performed. The approach taken to the analysis was that acquiring and retaining human capital is a strategic problem for such organisations. The outcome of the analysis is a series of policy proposals that, taking account of the differential characteristics of USOs, aim to foster the recruitment, development and retention of human capital as the basis of such organisations' business competitiveness.La creación de spin-offs universitarias debería constituir uno de los pilares sobre los que sustentar el desarrollo del tejido empresarial de un país. Sin embargo, de los análisis realizados se desprenden dos factores que limitan su crecimiento: las dificultades de acceso a fuentes de financiación y la falta de habilidades de gestión del equipo emprendedor. Para poder contribuir a solucionar la segunda de las dificultades detectadas, se ha realizado un análisis destinado a explicar cómo la implantación de determinadas políticas de recursos humanos puede afectar a la creación y mantenimiento del capital humano en las spin-offs universitarias, y con ello contribuir a una gestión más eficiente de su valor en el mercado. A partir del diagnóstico de cuál es la consideración del capital humano en las spin-offs españolas, se ha desarrollado un análisis causal que plantea la adquisición y mantenimiento del capital humano como un dilema estratégico para este tipo de organizaciones. Del análisis realizado se han derivado una serie de políticas propuestas que, teniendo en cuenta las características diferenciales de las spin-offs universitarias, están encaminadas a favorecer la captación, el desarrollo y retención de su capital humano como base de su competitividad empresarial

The funnel model of firms’ R&D cooperation with universities

[Abstract]: This paper explores the determinants of firms’ attitudes towards R&D cooperation with research groups understanding university-industry cooperation as a sequential process. In so doing, we study the determinants of both firms’ interest in and decision to engage in cooperation agreements. We applied both probit models and regression models for count data on a sample of 375 firms from Spain, Portugal and France. Although most of these firms showed interest in collaborating with universities, actually only 10% of the firms ended up cooperating with them. Our findings firstly indicate that innovative firms tend to show a more proactive attitude towards R&D collaboration. Secondly, within the group of firms interested in R&D collaboration, the firms really involved are the independent or small firms and we also provide evidence that country factors affect firms’ attitudes to R&D cooperation with universities

Is university-industry collaboration biased by sex criteria?

[Abstract]: This paper studies the attitudes and decisions of research groups led by men or women towards the collaboration with firms in research and development joint projects. We worked with a sample of 420 research groups of eight regions of Spain, France and Portugal in a sequential process. First, we studied the interest of the research groups to collaborate and, then, if the final decision of collaborating with firms changed according to the sex criteria. The results show that women are worse positioned in the social networks of collaboration and commercialization with industry. Research groups led by men have around 10% higher probability of showing interest in R&D cooperation with firms. However, when men and women leaders of research groups have the same motivation to collaborate, they do not differ in their decision of collaborating. These results evidence different initial attitudes towards university-industry collaboration according to sex criteria

Los niños españoles en la URSS (1937-1997): narración y memoria

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Are firms interested in collaborating with universities? An openinnovation perspective in countries of the South West European Space

[Abstract]: This paper explores the determinants of a firm’s interest in collaborating with universities and whether they differ by the technological level of the company’s industry. Based on the conceptual framework of Open Innovation (OI) model, it is included some aspects related to the transaction costs and roles of innovation diffusion that justifies the study of firm´s interest as previous step of an open-innovation relation among firms and partners. The evidence is based on data collected through semistructured interviews between January 2009 and October 2009, on a sample of 375 firms from three countries: Spain, Portugal and France. The results indicate that more innovative firms tend to be more interested in collaborating with universities. The paper provides evidence that country factors also affect a firm’s intention of collaborating with universities. Finally, the results show that the determinants of a high-tech firm’s attitudes to cooperation differ from those found in a non high-tech firm. In the future, the study of the determinants of those firms’ formal decision to cooperate may let us to understand whether the driving forces of both interest in and decision to cooperate differ

Biografías, subjetividad y ciencia social. Crítica del enfoque biográfico desde una investigación empírico

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A school that reinvents itself.Process of change towards innovation

En este artículo se relata la experiencia de cambio metodológico vivida en el Colegio Infantil “El Llano” de Paterna de Rivera (Cádiz), gracias a la cual su profesorado ha avanzado hacia prácticas educativas innovadoras, en un proceso formativo en el que ha estado involucrado todo el centro. Analizamos los avances y los retrocesos, las dificultades y las oportunidades encontradas en el largo camino

The effect of population size and technological collaboration on firms' innovation

[Abstract]: In the current knowledge economy, firms hardly innovate alone; the collaboration with other partners has become crucial for successful innovation. Literature has recently focused on two modes of collaboration: the learning-by-doing, by-using and by-interacting (DUI) and science and technology-based innovation (STI). Nevertheless, collaboration seems to be easier if firms are located in highly populated areas. This paper aims to analyse whether the population size of municipalities where firms are located influences firm innovation either in a direct way or by shaping the effect of the DUI and STI partnerships. Applying panel data methodology to a sample of 3004 Spanish manufacturing firms over the period 2009 to 2016, the results show that innovative performance benefits from STI and DUI innovation modes, especially product innovation. In contrast, location in less populated municipalities seems to have no effect on innovation, regardless of the threshold used to limit the number of inhabitants. Also, weak evidence of the moderating role of the population size on the effect of DUI and STI partnerships on firm innovation is found

IoT meets distributed AI ::deployment scenarios of Bonseyes AI applications on FIWARE

Bonseyes is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) platform composed of a Data Marketplace, a Deep Learning Toolbox, and Developer Reference Platforms with the aim of facilitating tech and non-tech companies a rapid adoption of AI as an enabler for their business. Bonseyes provides methods and tools to speed up the development and deployment of AI solutions on low power Internet of Things (IoT) devices, embedded computing systems, and data centre servers. In this work, we address the deployment and the integration of Bonseyes AI applications in a wider enterprise application landscape involving different applications and services. We leverage the well-established IoT platform FIWARE to integrate the Bonseyes AI applications into an enterprise ecosystem. This paper presents two AI application deployment and integration scenarios using FIWARE. The first scenario addresses use cases where edge devices have enough compute power to run the AI applications and there is only need to transmit the results to the enterprise ecosystem. The second scenario copes with use cases where an edge device may delegate most of the computation to an external/cloud server. Further, we employ FIWARE IoT Agent generic enabler to manage all edge devices related to Bonseyes AI applications. Both scenarios have been validated on concrete use cases and demonstrators

What knowledge management approach do entrepreneurial universities need?

[Abtract]: This paper explores how the entrepreneurial outcomes (patents, university spin-offs, research projects and R&D contracts) of universities relate to the availability and use of information and telecommunications (IT) solutions for knowledge management (KM) over the period 2011-2014. We hypothesize that entrepreneurial universities may benefit from a good connection between knowledge infrastructure (IT solutions) and knowledge management processes for KM. We tested this hypothesis by estimating generalized least squares models and negative binomial regression models in a sample of 63 Spanish universities over the period 2011-2014. The results show that using data grouping infrastructure increases several measures of entrepreneurial outcomes of universities. Unexpectedly, institutional tools of collaborative work and data warehouse significantly decrease the number of patents. According to these results we suggest that process-oriented approaches for KM may decrease the entrepreneurial outcomes of universities. The contribution of this analysis is twofold. First, it allows a better empirical understanding of how IT solutions for KM affect the entrepreneurial outcomes of universities. Second, this analysis could guide a new design of IT solutions in order to increase these outcomes