Modelagem matemática a partir do desenvolvimento de experimentos práticos para o estudo de funções

The Mathematical modeling, as a teaching methodology, aims to bring the mathematics taught in the classroom closer, to real situations, even enabling the learning of mathematics concepts and contents from problems proposed in other knowledge areas. The work was developed from the planning and application of a mathematical modeling proposal for the study of functions from two experiments related to problems usually discussed in Physics and Chemistry, respectively. The application took place in four classes of the first year of high school, in two public schools in Chapecó-SC city, with the participation of students of the Mathematics Course - Degree members of the Pedagogical Residency Program (PRP). Throughout the application, some evidence of modeling contributions in the learning of concepts related to functions was observed, being one of the main contributions identified is the student’s motivation to develop the proposed activities. The technological resources use also indicated contribution to the learning process, allowing approaches beyond those provided for in the school’s curriculum organization for first year students. The academics participation in the project application and in an exercise of pedagogical imagination in order to identify potentialities of the proposal was also the object of the analysis. Data collection took place through various instruments such as activities performed by students, testimonials from those involved, questionnaires, and observations and notes in the field diary. Data analysis took place in a discursive textual form, based on the collected data, according to the established categorization.A modelagem matemática, como metodologia de ensino, visa a aproximação da Matemática, ensinada em sala de aula, a situações reais, possibilitando, inclusive, a aprendizagem de conceitos e conteúdos de Matemática a partir de problemas propostos em outras áreas do conhecimento. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir do planejamento e aplicação de uma proposta de modelagem matemática para o estudo de funções a partir de dois experimentos relacionados a problemas habitualmente discutidos nas disciplinas de Física e Química, respectivamente. A aplicação se deu em quatro turmas de primeira série do Ensino Médio, em duas escolas públicas no município de Chapecó-SC, com a participação de acadêmicos do Curso de Matemática – Licenciatura, integrantes do Programa de Residência Pedagógica (PRP). Ao longo da aplicação, foram observadas algumas evidências de contribuições da modelagem na aprendizagem de conceitos relacionados às funções, sendo uma das principais contribuições identificadas a motivação dos alunos para desenvolver as atividades propostas. O uso de recursos tecnológicos também indicou contribuições para o processo de aprendizagem, permitindo abordagens além das previstas na organização curricular das escolas para alunos de primeira série. A participação dos acadêmicos na aplicação do projeto e em um exercício de imaginação pedagógica com a finalidade de identificar potencialidades da proposta também foi objeto da análise. A coleta de dados se deu por diversos instrumentos, como: atividades realizadas pelos alunos, depoimentos dos envolvidos, questionários, além das observações e anotações no diário de campo. A análise dos dados se deu de forma textual discursiva, a partir dos dados coletados, de acordo com a categorização estabelecida

Ana1/CEP295 is an essential player in the centrosome maintenance program regulated by Polo kinase and the PCM

Centrioles are part of centrosomes and cilia, which are microtubule organising centres (MTOC) with diverse functions. Despite their stability, centrioles can disappear during differentiation, such as in oocytes, but little is known about the regulation of their structural integrity. Our previous research revealed that the pericentriolar material (PCM) that surrounds centrioles and its recruiter, Polo kinase, are downregulated in oogenesis and sufficient for maintaining both centrosome structural integrity and MTOC activity. We now show that the expression of specific components of the centriole cartwheel and wall, including ANA1/CEP295, is essential for maintaining centrosome integrity. We find that Polo kinase requires ANA1 to promote centriole stability in cultured cells and eggs. In addition, ANA1 expression prevents the loss of centrioles observed upon PCM-downregulation. However, the centrioles maintained by overexpressing and tethering ANA1 are inactive, unlike the MTOCs observed upon tethering Polo kinase. These findings demonstrate that several centriole components are needed to maintain centrosome structure. Our study also highlights that centrioles are more dynamic than previously believed, with their structural stability relying on the continuous expression of multiple components.publishersversionpublishe

Evaluation of the impact of orally administered carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels in different pre-clinical models

We developed a pre-clinical model in which to evaluate the impact of orally administered carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels. For this purpose, we compared the effects of different carbohydrates with well-established glycemic indexes. We orally administered (gavage) increasing amounts (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 g/kg) of sucrose and lactose to rats which had been fasted for 6 h or 15 h, respectively. In part of the experiments we administered frutose (gavagem). Three different models were compared for measuring postprandial blood glucose levels: a) evaluation of interstitial glucose concentrations by using a real time continuous glucose monitoring system; b) evaluation of glucose levels in blood obtained from the rat tail; c) evaluation of serum glucose levels in blood collected after decapitation. Our results showed that blood obtained from the tails of 15-h fasted rats was the best model in which to evaluate the effect of carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels

Effectiveness of psychological interventions in the treatment of perinatal depression: a systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses

BACKGROUND: Perinatal depression is a high prevalent mental health problem with serious consequences. Evidence about effective psychological interventions in treating perinatal depression has been increasing, but it lacks a comprehensive synthesis of findings. METHODS: A systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses concerning the effectiveness of psychological interventions in treating perinatal depression (depression during pregnancy and the first 12 months postpartum) in adult women was conducted. The electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycINFO, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Prospero were searched, on May 2020, using a combination of keywords. Data were independently extracted by two authors and a synthesis of the results was presented. Methodological quality was independently assessed by two authors, using AMSTAR-2. RESULTS: Seven systematic reviews were included and reported, overall, the effectiveness of psychological interventions in decreasing depressive symptoms in women in the perinatal period, both short and long-term. CBT was found to be the most effective intervention, regardless of the treatment format. LIMITATIONS: Grey literature was not searched, and some studies may overlap among the included systematic reviews. These (the included reviews) were rated with low methodological quality, which weakens the evidence of the reported results. CONCLUSIONS: CBT is currently the most evidence-based psychological intervention, provided in different delivery formats (individual, group, face-to-face or Internet-based). Further studies, including systematic reviews, with other types of psychological interventions (e.g., third-wave CBT) and with higher quality are needed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

New insights on the ultramafic intrusions surrounding the Kunene Anorthosite Complex (SW Angola) from gravity, magnetic and radiometric data [Abstract]

ABSTRACT: The Kunene Anorthosite Complex (KAC), located in SW Angola, is one of the largest anorthosite structures in the world. Dating from the Mesoproterozoic, its installation process is still not clear. Several mafic and ultramafic outcrops can be found surrounding the KAC. Once considered related with its emplacement, the study of these bodies may help us understand the history of this unique geological feature. While geochronological data show that they are synchronous, or possibly a bit younger, than the embedding granites and migmatites of Paleoproterozoic age, the question arises of whether they are intrusions installed in the host rock or if they are instead recycled remains of older Arch crust. The development of these outcrops in depth provides relevant clues regarding the origin of these bodies and their relationship with the Eburnean (~1.93-2.04 Ga) and Epupa-Namibe (~1.83-1.74 Ga) events. One of these mafic outcrops, designated the Hamutenha outcrop (Huíla Province) exhibits an elongated shape and a NW-SE orientation and is characterized by an internal zonation. Generally, the innermost part is composed of ultramafic rocks of (mostly harzburgites and dunites), with diorites outcropping in its NW and SE borders. The Hamutenha outcrop was previously identified for potentially bearing Cr, Ni and PGE mineralization.N/

Cardiovascular adverse effects associated with the use of anti-HER2 in breast cancer treatment

Background: Cancer represents an important public health problem with increasing incidence, prevalence, and mortality, affecting the entire Western population, especially in developed and developing countries. The use of monoclonal antibodies has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, but this treatment can cause adverse cardiovascular effects (AE).Objective: The objective of this paper is to identify and classify AE in breast cancer patients in the use of Trastuzumab in two health institutions.Methods: Retrospective study of medical records of patients with breast cancer Her 2+ submitted the therapy with trastuzumab in early and advanced stage of the disease. Review conducted in a university hospital and a private clinic, both located in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.Results: Cardiovascular events were late for trastuzumab, with predominance of moderate reactions. There was a predominance of dyspnea, increased blood pressure, fatigue and reduced left ventricular ejection.Conclusion: The results resemble similarities in the pattern of the institutions’ reactions. Identify possible AE and know the toxicity profile of trastuzumab can contribute to a safer therapy

Utilização de plantas medicinais no entorno do Parque Estadual da Serra Furada, Santa Catarina, Brasil: uma abordagem etnobotânica

The objective of this study was to ethnobotanical approach in the region of the State Park of Serra Furada (PESF) /SC, in a rural community that lives near the park and uses medicinal plants for therapeutic purposes. Home visits were made to the residents surrounding the PESF when we applied aquestionnaire/interviews, in order to obtain more information about the possible use by the respondent, the most widely used medicinal plant for later identification and data collection bibliography. We interviewed five residents, a representative sample compared to   to the small number of dwellings present in the study area (15). There were five reports of using herbal preparations: a decoction with Sambucus australis Cham. & Schltd. and Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf together, a syrup with Ruta graveolens L.; prepared from a Croton macrobothrys Baill., a decoction with Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) JF Macbr., and an infusion with Plantago major L.. Scientific information was gathered and compared to the information provided by the sampled population. The results of this study will provides data for future studies and ethnopharmacological research of therapeutic activities mentioned by respondents.O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma abordagem etnobotânica na região do Parque Estadual da Serra Furada (PESF) /SC, em uma comunidade rural que vive nas proximidades do parque e utiliza plantas medicinais para fins terapêuticos. Foram realizadas visitas domiciliares aos moradores do entorno do PESF, quando se executou uma entrevista com o auxilio de um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas, visando obter o maior número de informações possíveis sobre o uso da planta medicinal mais utilizada, para posterior identificação e coleta de informações bibliográficas. Entrevistaram-se cinco moradores, uma amostra representativa se comparada ao pequeno número de unidades familiares que residem na área de estudo (15). Houve o relato de cinco preparações utilizando plantas medicinais: um decocto com Sambucus australis Cham. & Schltd. e Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf em conjunto; um xarope com Ruta graveolens L.; um preparado com Croton macrobothrys Baill.; um decocto com Cuphea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. e uma infusão com Plantago major L.. Foram levantadas informações científicas e comparadas com as informações prestadas pela população amostrada. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo poderão fornecer dados para estudos etnofarmacológicos e investigação das atividades terapêuticas mencionadas pelos entrevistados

Host determinants of infectiousness in smear-positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

Background Epidemiologic data suggests that only a minority of tuberculosis (TB) patients are infectious. Cough aerosol sampling is a novel quantitative method to measure TB infectiousness. Methods We analyzed data from three studies conducted in Uganda and Brazil over a 13-year period. We included sputum acid fast bacilli (AFB) and culture positive pulmonary TB patients and used a cough aerosol sampling system (CASS) to measure the number of colony-forming units (CFU) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cough-generated aerosols as a measure for infectiousness. Aerosol data was categorized as: aerosol negative (CFU = 0) and aerosol positive (CFU > 0). Logistic regression models were built to identify factors associated with aerosol positivity. Results M. tuberculosis was isolated by culture from cough aerosols in 100/233 (43%) TB patients. In an unadjusted analysis, aerosol positivity was associated with fewer days of antituberculous therapy before CASS sampling (p = .0001), higher sputum AFB smear grade (p = .01), shorter days to positivity in liquid culture media (p = .02), and larger sputum volume (p = .03). In an adjusted analysis, only fewer days of TB treatment (OR 1.47 per 1 day of therapy, 95% CI 1.16-1.89; p = .001) was associated with aerosol positivity. Conclusion Cough generated aerosols containing viable M. tuberculosis, the infectious moiety in TB, are detected in a minority of TB patients and rapidly become non-culturable after initiation of antituberculous treatment. Mechanistic studies are needed to further elucidate these findings.publishersversionpublishe

Mycobacterium tuberculosis progresses through two phases of latent infection in humans

Little is known about the physiology of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. We studied the mutational rates of 24 index tuberculosis (TB) cases and their latently infected household contacts who developed active TB up to 5.25 years later, as an indication of bacterial physiological state and possible generation times during latent TB infection in humans. Here we report that the rate of new mutations in the M. tuberculosis genome decline dramatically after two years of latent infection (two-sided p < 0.001, assuming an 18 h generation time equal to log phase M. tuberculosis, with latency period modeled as a continuous variable). Alternatively, assuming a fixed mutation rate, the generation time increases over the latency duration. Mutations indicative of oxidative stress do not increase with increasing latency duration suggesting a lack of host or bacterial derived mutational stress. These results suggest that M. tuberculosis enters a quiescent state during latency, decreasing the risk for mutational drug resistance and increasing generation time, but potentially increasing bacterial tolerance to drugs that target actively growing bacteria.publishersversionpublishe