Síntesis y caracterización de un material criogénico a partir de quitosano y celulosa

Los criogeles formados a partir de los polisacáridos quitosanoy celulosa están conformados por una red macroporosa e interconectada con áreas superficiales altas. Dichos criogeles ofrecen un uso prometedor en la remoción de cobre a partir de soluciones acuosas. Este trabajo propone la ruta de síntesis del criogel quitosano-etilenglicol diglicidil éter-celulosa (Q-egde-C) y en él se presentan los resultados obtenidos de la caracterización de este material con la finalidad de evaluarlo en trabajos posteriores como adsorbente de iones Cu+2. Las pruebas y técnicas de caracterización utilizadas fueron: solubilidad, porcentaje de hidratación, microscopía electrónica de barrido(MEB), espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier(FTIR), área específica y potencial Z. El criogel obtenido es un biomaterial insoluble en agua, con un índice de hinchamiento de ca. 1921 %; su estructura macroporosa contiene grupos amino primarios (–NH2) con un área superficial de 16 m2/g. La síntesis presentada es sencilla con un buen control morfológico en la escala micro y nanométrica, así mismo el criogel mostró mediante la determinación del potencial Z que es capaz de interaccionar con el ión Cu+2 presente en agua

Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts protein 1 regulates glial surface localization of GLIALCAM from fish to humans

Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is a leukodystrophy characterized by myelin vacuolization and caused by mutations in MLC1 or GLIALCAM. Patients with recessive mutations in either MLC1 or GLIALCAM show the same clinical phenotype. It has been shown that GLIALCAM is necessary for the correct targeting of MLC1 to the membrane at cell junctions, but its own localization was independent of MLC1 in vitro. However, recent studies in Mlc1−/− mice have shown that GlialCAM is mislocalized in glial cells. In order to investigate whether the relationship between Mlc1 and GlialCAM is species-specific, we first identified MLC-related genes in zebrafish and generated an mlc1−/− zebrafish. We have characterized mlc1−/− zebrafish both functionally and histologically and compared the phenotype with that of the Mlc1−/− mice. In mlc1−/− zebrafish, as in Mlc1−/− mice, Glialcam is mislocalized. Re-examination of a brain biopsy from an MLC patient indicates that GLIALCAM is also mislocalized in Bergmann glia in the cerebellum. In vitro, impaired localization of GlialCAM was observed in astrocyte cultures from Mlc1−/− mouse only in the presence of elevated potassium levels, which mimics neuronal activity. In summary, here we demonstrate an evolutionary conserved role for MLC1 in regulating glial surface levels of GLIALCAM, and this interrelationship explains why patients with mutations in either gene (MLC1 or GLIALCAM) share the same clinical phenotyp

Effects of Climate Change on Water Quality in the Jucar River Basin (Spain)

[EN] The Mediterranean region is a climate change hotspot, especially concerning issues of hydrological planning and urban water supply systems. In this context, the Jucar River Basin (Spain) presents an increase of frequency, intensity and duration of extreme meteorological phenomena, such as torrential rains, droughts or heat waves, which directly affect the quantity and quality of raw water available for drinking. This paper aims to analyze the effects of climate change on the raw water quality of the Jucar River Basin District, which mainly supplies the city of Valencia and its metropolitan area, in order to adapt drinking water treatments to new conditions and opportunities. For this purpose, we used observed data of water quality parameters from four stations and climate drivers from seven Earth system models of the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 6. To model water quality (turbidity and conductivity) in the past and future scenarios, this study employs a backward stepwise regression taking into account daily values of mean temperature, maximum temperature, total rainfall and minimum and maximum relative humidity. Results showed that the model performance of the water quality simulation is more adequate for short moving-average windows (about 2-7 days) for turbidity and longer windows (about 30-60 days) for conductivity. Concerning the future scenarios, the most significant change was found in the projected increase of conductivity for the station of the Jucar river, between 4 and 11% by 2100, respectively, under the medium (SSP2-4.5) and pessimistic (SSP5-8.5) emission scenarios. The joint use of these types of management and monitoring tools may help the managers in charge of carrying out the different water treatments needed to apply a better plan to raw water and may help them identify future threats and investment needs to adapt the urban water supply systems to the changing conditions of raw water, such as turbidity or conductivity, as a consequence of climate change.This research was co-funded by the Agencia Valenciana de la Innovacio, through the study "Aplicacion de los servicios climaticos para el desarrollo de una estrategia de adaptacion al cambio climatico de los sistemas urbanos de abastecimiento" (INNTA3/2020/14), as well as by EIT Climate-KIC, financing the CRISI-ADAP-II project (EIT-CKIC-TC_2.13.7_190799), and supported by the Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITECO) of the Spanish Government under the "IMpacts of climate change on wetlands Affected by GroUndwAter (IMAGUA)" project.Gómez-Martínez, G.; Galiano, L.; Rubio, T.; Prado-López, C.; Redolat, D.; Paradinas Blázquez, C.; Gaitán, E.... (2021). Effects of Climate Change on Water Quality in the Jucar River Basin (Spain). Water. 13(17):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13172424S117131

Red I+Do+i. Investigación Docencia e Innovación & Speaking Library II

En la RED IDOi seguimos inquietándonos por las necesidades formativas actuales, promoviendo la renovación curricular y metodológica. En nuestro afán para contribuir en la creación de un espacio para generar buenas prácticas que contribuyan a mejorar la eficacia de los resultados obtenidos en las actividades de investigación en docencia universitaria y desarrollo tecnológico, este curso académicos hemos dado un paso más en ampliar y mejorar la ‘Speaking Library’ de materiales docentes y de investigación. Para conseguir esta meta hemos apoyado propuestas ya existentes y, lanzado alguna nueva, que han dado accesibilidad al intercambio de experiencias por parte de docentes y discentes. Hemos seguido elaborando y experimentando tanto con el uso de las TICs (Moodle, MOOC), como con los materiales curriculares y la enseñanza personalizada. En definitiva ha sido un curso académico dedicado al diseño, desarrollo e innovación del currículo que ha tenido en cuenta, sobre todo, parámetros de accesibilidad que garantizan la igualdad de oportunidades

El turismo sostenible en Colombia: retos y oportunidades de desarrollo

Contiene: Capitulo 1. Turismo sostenible como herramienta de reducción de la pobreza: enseñanzas para los países de América Latina y el Caribe / Jenny Paola Danna-Buitrago, Rémi Stellian, Andrés Fernando Garzón Garzón, David Velandia Ayala -- Capitulo 2. Del turismo de masas al turismo sostenible: hacia un enfoque integrativo del turismo comunitario / Jenny Paola Danna-Buitrago, Rosalía Burgos Doria, Álvaro Luis Mercado Suárez -- Capitulo 3. Contribución del turismo comunitario integrativo en el desarrollo sostenible de las comunidades: algunos casos de éxito / Jenny Paola Danna-Buitrago, Rosalía Burgos Doria, Laura Fabiola Álvarez, María Andreína Moros Ochoa -- Capitulo 4. Turismo en Colombia durante el conflicto armado y oportunidades para la implementación del turismo comunitario integrativo en el posconflicto / Melva Inés Gómez-Caicedo, Adriana Milena Gasca Cardozo, Pedro Nel Páez Pérez -- Capitulo 5. La innovación en la calidad del servicio como elemento de sostenibilidad en el sector turístico. Caso de estudio en hoteles de Bogotá / María Andreína Moros Ochoa, Gilmer Yovanni Castro Nieto, Mercedes Gaitán Angulo, Pedro Nel Páez PérezFundación Universitaria Los Libertadore

Incidence of Changes in Electoral Competence Rules on the Nationalization of Party Systems: The Strategies of Political Actors in Antioquia, 1997-2011

RESUMEN: En este artículo se sostiene que la nacionalización vertical del sistema de partidos es afectada por la forma como los partidos y candidatos adoptanestrategias para seguir en competencia bajo un marco normativo dado, pues las reglas electorales ofrecen diferentes incentivos para que estos coordinen (o no) sus esfuerzos entre los diferentes niveles electorales. Para ello, a partir de la información de las elecciones de Concejo, Asamblea y Cámara en Antioquia entre 1997 y 2011 se encuentra que los cambios en las reglas electorales de 2003 y su efecto sobre la forma en que los políticos se organizan para la competencia son un factor que afecta la nacionalización vertical del sistema de partidos, haciendo que la competencia a nivel municipal se aparte de la regional y nacional.ABSTRACT: In this article it is argued that vertical nationalization of the party system is affected by the way in which parties and candidates adopt strategies to remain in competition under a given set of rules, since electoral rules offer different incentives for them to coordinate (or not) their efforts among the different electoral levels. For this purpose, based on information from the elections for Council, Assembly and Chamber in Antioquia between 1997 and 2011, it was found that the changes in electoral rules in 2003 and their effect on the way in which politicians organize themselves for elections are a factor that affects vertical nationalization of the party system, distancing the competition on the municipal level from that which takes place on the regional and national levels

CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

ObjectivesCARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CP-Kpn) and E. coli (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain.MethodsIn total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC > 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF). Prevalence and incidence were calculated according to population denominators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution method (EUCAST). All 403 isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis.ResultsIn total, 377 (93.5%) CP-Kpn and 26 (6.5%) CP-Eco isolates were collected from 62 (87.3%) hospitals in 46 (92%) provinces. CP-Kpn was more prevalent in the blood (5.8%, 50/853) than in the urine (1.4%, 201/14,464). The cumulative incidence for both CP-Kpn and CP-Eco was 0.05 per 100 admitted patients. The main carbapenemase genes identified in CP-Kpn were blaOXA–48 (263/377), blaKPC–3 (62/377), blaVIM–1 (28/377), and blaNDM–1 (12/377). All isolates were susceptible to at least two antibiotics. Interregional dissemination of eight high-risk CP-Kpn clones was detected, mainly ST307/OXA-48 (16.4%), ST11/OXA-48 (16.4%), and ST512-ST258/KPC (13.8%). ST512/KPC and ST15/OXA-48 were the most frequent bacteremia-causative clones. The average number of acquired resistance genes was higher in CP-Kpn (7.9) than in CP-Eco (5.5).ConclusionThis study serves as a first step toward WGS integration in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Spain. We detected important epidemiological changes, including increased CP-Kpn and CP-Eco prevalence and incidence compared to previous studies, wide interregional dissemination, and increased dissemination of high-risk clones, such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3

Removal of Fluoride from Aqueous Solutions Using Chitosan Cryogels

In this study, crosslinked chitosan cryogels (QE) and chitosan’s cryogels modified with iron (QEFe) were synthesized. They were characterized by BET, PZC, FTIR, and XPS spectroscopies. Results show a specific surface area of 36.67 and 29.17 m2g−1 and 7.0 and 6.1 of PZC for the cryogels QE and QEFe, respectively. FTIR results show the characteristic bands of amino and hydroxyl groups, while in the XPS analysis, interactions between iron and oxygen with fluorine were observed. The removal of fluoride at temperatures of 303, 313, and 323 K in cryogels was tested. The Ho model is the best fit for the experimental data, suggesting that there is a chemisorption process involved in the removal of fluoride. The Langmuir-Freundlich model is the best to represent the behavior of the cryogels, and it is used to sorbents with heterogeneous surfaces. A maximum fluoride adsorption capacity of 280 and 295 mg F−/g for QE and QEFe, respectively, at 303 K was obtained, showing that the removal of fluoride is favored by the iron incorporated in the polymer matrix of the cryogels. The thermodynamic parameters were obtained for both cryogels, where the values of ΔH° and ΔG° indicate that both systems are endothermic and nonspontaneous

Cáncer de cabeza y cuello: proceso asistencial integrado

YesLa denominación de carcinomas de cabeza y cuello, o tracto aero-digestivo superior, supone un agrupamiento, no sólo por su mera localización anatómica, sino porque existen elementos comunes compartidos por estas neoplasias: etiología, epidemiología, histología, evolución clínica, procedimientos diagnósticos, enfoques terapéuticos, medidas de seguimiento. No obstante, la variabilidad en la localización, afectando órganos que participan en la fonación y la deglución, funciones fundamentales para el paciente, y su comportamiento evolutivo, exigen que los cánceres de cabeza y cuello sean abordados desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar, tanto en las actividades de detección precoz como en el diagnóstico y tratamiento, al estar implicados una gran variedad de profesionales tanto del ámbito de la Atención Primaria como de Atención Hospitalaria, siendo además imprescindible una perfecta coordinación que garantice la continuidad asistencial