USING GIS TO PRIORITIZE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE INSTALLATION STRATEGIES IN AN URBAN WATERSHED

This study seeks to quantify runoff volume generation and peak flow rates from the urban Sand River Headwaters to determine the most effective placement of additional green infrastructure in Aiken, SC. ArcMap 10.1, HEC-GeoHMS, and HEC-HMS were used to delineate a total outlet watershed along with subwatershed(s) for urban stormwater infrastructure system by \u27burning\u27 the stormwater system at an artificial elevation below the existing topologically-based Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The result was a higher resolution DEM that allowed for storm routing and subsequent volume and flow predictions compared to that based on the original DEM created by using Light Detecting and Ranging (LiDAR) surface elevation data. Ten key monitoring locations were identified for flow accumulation determination within the total watershed area, not only at the outlet for the entire watershed but also at inclusive subwatersheds that were selected based on City Engineer recommendations and field evaluations of the complex piped urban stormwater network. Stage data collected from SonTekTMIQ-Pipe® acoustic Doppler sensors at each monitoring location were used to calculate flow rates and volumes based on flow through the pipe and Manning\u27s n derived from the material of the conduit. Calculated volumes and flow rates at each subwatershed were used for calibration and validation of both ArcMap 10.1 and HEC-HMS based prediction models. HEC-HMS outputs underestimated runoff generation and peak flow rates over all storm events while ArcMap output volumes demonstrated underestimation for smaller storm events but overestimation for larger storms. Runoff volume generation and peak flow rate were then used, along with percent impervious surface and average curve number (CN) based on subwatershed data, to determine the location recommendations for additional green infrastructure within the urban Aiken watershed (which also serves as the Sand River Headwaters) to allow for the greatest influence on stormwater quantity reduction and water quality improvement. Results demonstrated that the most effective placement for additional green infrastructure upon landscapes was within Subwatersheds 3 and 9 with the largest amount of runoff flow and least amount of percent impervious surface out of the four subwatersheds contributing to the 67 percent area of the total watershed. The most effective place to install additional green infrastructure upon hardscapes was within Subwatershed 2 with one of the largest amounts of individual runoff flow and highest amount of impervious surface of the subwatersheds with the highest individual area contribution. An additional space for landscape green infrastructure installations may also exist within Subwatersheds 6 and 7 closer to the natural areas near the watershed outlet with very low percent impervious surface, but significantly smaller area for placement

The role of diet and nutrition on mental health and wellbeing

Mental, neurological and substance-use disorders presently represent the greatest global burden of disease. Likewise, depression and other psychopathologies are elevated risk comorbidities of other health hazards, such as obesity. Nutrition has been implicated in behaviour, mood and in the pathology and treatment of mental illness. In this brief editorial, we aim to set the scale of the problem in context and overview advances and recent evidence linking nutrition to psychological outcomes. The purpose of the 2016 Nutrition Society Winter Meeting, 'Diet, nutrition and mental health and wellbeing' was to review where the evidence is strong, where there are unmet needs for research and to draw together the communities working in this area to share their findings. The papers presented demonstrated clear advancements that are being made in this field. The meeting illustrated compelling support for nutrition as a modifiable risk factor. The present research in the field and evidence presented at the 2016 Nutrition Society Winter Meeting lead us to postulate that even interventions with relatively modest effect sizes may plausibly and significantly curtail the disease burden of mental and neurological disease by food- and nutrient-based approaches

Dracula’s Inky Shadows: The Vampire Gothic of Writing

Always a story about a story, the vampire tale is forever in dialogue with the past, conscious of its own status as a rewrite. This makes the vampire a figure onto which readers and authors can project ambivalence about writing – the gothic of living with texts. Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1897) vividly illustrates this connection. The novel presents textual interactions as both dangerous and pleasurable. What is more, Dracula has accumulated significance through criticism and adaptation. These retellings tie the novel even more closely to the processes of writing and rewriting. This thesis will begin by examining Dracula’s gothic of reading and writing. After this follows a consideration of the vampire fiction preceding Stoker’s novel, beginning with the figure of the embodied author in early nineteenth-century works like John William Polidori’s The Vampyre’ (1819), and James Malcolm Rymer’s Varney, the Vampyre (1845-47). The thesis will then address the gothic of scientific and institutional language in the vampire fiction of the mid nineteenth-century, including Sheridan Le Fanu’s ‘Carmilla’ (1872). A return to the fin de siècle follows, with a consideration of degeneracy and art vampirism outside Dracula, and discussion of works including Florence Marryat’s The Blood of the Vampire (1897) and George Sylvester Viereck’s The House of the Vampire (1907). The thesis will proceed to the twentieth century, studying the gothic interplay of film and literature in works like F. W. Murnau’s Nosferatu (1922). It will then trace the resemblance between Victorians and their modern adapters, suggesting that re-imaginings of Dracula, like Francis Ford Coppola’s Bram Stoker’s Dracula (1992), betray an affinity between Victorians and the ‘enlightened’ twentieth century. The thesis will conclude by examining the vampire as a figure of intertextuality, and considering the way in which postmodern vampires like those of Joss Whedon’s Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997-2003) acknowledge that their world is comprised of other texts. Buffy offers the possibility that the world shaped by narratives may also be rewritten, with results that can be either terrifying or liberating

The impact of diet-based glycaemic response and glucose regulation on cognition: evidence across the lifespan

The brain has a high metabolic rate and its metabolism is almost entirely restricted to oxidative utilisation of glucose. These factors emphasise the extreme dependence of neural tissue on a stable and adequate supply of glucose. Whereas initially it was thought that only glucose deprivation (i.e. under hypoglycaemic conditions) can affect brain function, it has become apparent that low-level fluctuations in central availability can affect neural and consequently, cognitive performance. In the present paper the impact of diet-based glycaemic response and glucose regulation on cognitive processes across the lifespan will be reviewed. The data suggest that although an acute rise in blood glucose levels has some short-term improvements of cognitive function, a more stable blood glucose profile, which avoids greater peaks and troughs in circulating glucose is associated with better cognitive function and a lower risk of cognitive impairments in the longer term. Therefore, a habitual diet that secures optimal glucose delivery to the brain in the fed and fasting states should be most advantageous for the maintenance of cognitive function. Although the evidence to date is promising, it is insufficient to allow firm and evidence-based nutritional recommendations. The rise in obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome in recent years highlights the need for targeted dietary and lifestyle strategies to promote healthy lifestyle and brain function across the lifespan and for future generations. Consequently, there is an urgent need for hypothesis-driven, randomised controlled trials that evaluate the role of different glycaemic manipulations on cognition

A Statistical Study of the Solar Wind Turbulence at Ion Kinetic Scales Using the k-filtering Technique and Cluster Data

Plasma turbulence at ion kinetic scales in the solar wind is investigated using the multi-point magnetometer data from the Cluster spacecraft. By applying the k-filtering method, we are able to estimate the full three-dimensional power spectral density P (ωsc, k) at a certain spacecraft frequency ωsc in wavevector (k) space. By using the wavevector at the maximum power in P (ωsc, k) at each sampling frequency ωsc and the Doppler shifted frequency ωpla in the solar wind frame, the dispersion plot ωpla = ωpla(k) is found. Previous studies have been limited to very few intervals and have been hampered by large errors, which motivates a statistical study of 52 intervals of solar wind. We find that the turbulence is predominantly highly oblique to the magnetic field k ⊥ k‖, and propagates slowly in the plasma frame with most points having frequencies smaller than the proton gyrofrequency ωpla < Ωp. Weak agreement is found that turbulence at the ion kinetic scales consists of kinetic Alfvén waves and coherent structures advected with plasma bulk velocity plus some minor more compressible components. The results suggest that anti-sunward and sunward propagating magnetic fluctuations are of similar nature in both the fast and slow solar wind at ion kinetic scales. The fast wind has significantly more anti-sunward flux than sunward flux and the slow wind appears to be more balanced. Key words: solar wind – turbulence – waves 1

Appalachian Coalfield Delegation Position Paper on Sustainable Energy

Appalachian grassroots groups(with support provided by the DataCenter) release a scathing report on the impact of coal mining to the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development. The Delegation created an historic moment with its powerful stories and diverse outreach. Alliances were forged and the civil society discourse on energy, particularly what is sustainable energy and who gets to define it, has been challenged. Their answer---"it comes from the people!" As most government officials continue to ignore the atrocities of mountain top removal, coal sludge impoundments, and underground injections of sludge, it is up to the people of the Appalachian coal fields to let the world know the harsh realities of an economy built on seemingly cheap electricity

Play is a Way of Life: Play-Based Program for parents of Young Children (Ages Two to Five Years Old)

This play-based program was created for parents of young children (ages two to five years old) and is accessible through a website called Play is a Way of Life . Within this program it includes, educational material on the differences between active and passive play and recommendations for each type of play that children in this age group should participate in each day. It also includes a 6-week program with a variety of active play activities that target specific skills that children (ages two to five years old) should participate in for their overall development.https://soar.usa.edu/otdcapstonesspring2024/1014/thumbnail.jp

Bullous dermatoses secondary to anti-PD-L1 agents: a case report and review of the literature

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are used to treat numerous malignancies but may be associated with severe adverse events. Bullous dermatoses, chiefly bullous pemphigoid (BP), are potentially progressive adverse events that cause blistering skin lesions and may involve a significant body surface area. Herein, we report an 87-year-old man with urothelial cell carcinoma undergoing atezolizumab treatment who presented with an acute-onset blistering eruption. Biopsy revealed a subepidermal bulla, direct immunofluorescence revealed linear IgG and C3 deposits at the dermal-epidermal junction, and serum studies revealed elevated levels of antibodies to BP180 and BP230. Anti-PD-L1-induced BP was diagnosed, immunotherapy was withheld, and he was treated with oral doxycycline with niacinamide and clobetasol ointment. He restarted atezolizumab and has successfully received four cycles (every 3 weeks) while continuing this BP treatment regimen. A literature review revealed eight other cases of anti-PD-L1-induced bullous disorders. The incidence of bullous dermatoses with anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 agents combined is 1%, whereas the reported incidence for anti-PD-L1 agents alone ranges from 1.3-5%, raising concerns for a higher overall risk. In addition to our case, only one other case reported successful resumption of immunotherapy. Early control and management of immunotherapy-induced BP may reduce complications and prevent treatment discontinuation

Using GIS to Prioritize Green Infrastructure Installation Strategies in an Urbanized Watershed

2014 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Informing Strategic Water Planning to Address Natural Resource, Community and Economic Challenge

Patient harm and institutional avoidability of out-of-hours discharge from intensive care: An analysis using mixed methods

© [2022] The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Objective: Out-of-hours discharge from ICU to the ward is associated with increased in-hospital mortality and ICU readmission. Little is known about why this occurs. We map the discharge process and describe the consequences of out-of-hours discharge to inform practice changes to reduce the impact of discharge at night. Design: This study was part of the REFLECT mixed methods study. We defined out-of-hours discharge as 16:00 - 07:59h. We undertook 20 in-depth case record reviews where in-hospital death after ICU discharge had been judged ‘probably avoidable’ in previous retrospective structured judgement reviews, and 20 where patients survived. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 55 patients, family members and staff with experience of ICU discharge processes. These, along with a stakeholder focus group, informed ICU discharge process mapping using the Human Factors-based Functional Analysis Resonance Method (FRAM). Setting: Three UK NHS hospitals, chosen to represent different hospital settings. Subjects: Patients discharged from ICU, their families and staff involved in their care. Interventions None. Measurements and Main Results: Out-of-hours discharge was common. Patients and staff described out-of-hours discharge as unsafe due to a reduction in staffing and skill mix at night. Patients discharged out-of-hours were commonly discharged prematurely, had inadequate handover, were physiologically unstable and did not have deterioration recognised or escalated appropriately. We identified five interdependent functions key to facilitating timely ICU discharge: multi-disciplinary team decision for discharge; patient prepared for discharge; bed meeting; bed manager allocation of beds; and ward bed made available. Conclusion: We identified significant limitations in out-of-hours care provision following overnight discharged from ICU. Transfer to the ward before 16:00 should be facilitated where possible. Our work highlights changes to help make day time discharge more likely. Where discharge after 16:00 is unavoidable, support systems should be implemented to ensure the safety of patients discharged from ICU at night.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio