Abstención y voto nulo en las elecciones federales en México, 1991-2015

La abstención y el voto nulo son vistos como comportamientos que demeritan la democracia. El texto se pregunta si pueden ser analizados como componentes de la participación electoral. De ser así, su exclusión del análisis impediría observar los límites de nuestro sistema electoral. Con los datos de los resultados electorales para diputaciones federales durante el periodo de 1991 al 2015, mediante correlaciones de Spearman, pruebas Chi cuadrada y el índice de brechas de Fowler, el autor observa que el abstencionismo y el voto nulo son formas ineficaces de participación electoral, aunque ambas logran de manera imprecisa ser herramienta de castigo. Incluir estas formas de participación en nuestro sistema permitiría trasladar el centro del proceso democrático, del comercio electoral a la consolidación de ofertas políticas orientadas a la deliberación pública, erradicando el control que las estructuras partidarias ejercen sobre la población electoral. De esta manera sería posible configurar gobiernos representativos sometidos a la rendición de cuentas y la evaluación retrospectiva de la ciudadanía.Electoral abstention and spoiled ballot are considered behaviors that frustrate democracy. The author asks if they can be analyzed as components of electoral participation. If so, its exclusion from analysis would hide the limits of our electoral system. With data from the federal deputies' elections for the 1991-2015 period, using Spearman correlations, Chi square tests and the Fowler gap index, the author notes that abstention and spoiled ballot are ineffective forms of electoral participation, although they both somehow function as punishment tools. Including these forms of participation in our system would allow shifting the center of the democratic process, from the electoral trade to the consolidation of political institutions aimed at public deliberation. This would help to eradicate the control that party structures exert over the electorate, making thus possible to have representative governments subject to accountability and retrospective evaluation by citizens

Mirasol3B: A Multimodal Autoregressive model for time-aligned and contextual modalities

One of the main challenges of multimodal learning is the need to combine heterogeneous modalities (e.g., video, audio, text). For example, video and audio are obtained at much higher rates than text and are roughly aligned in time. They are often not synchronized with text, which comes as a global context, e.g., a title, or a description. Furthermore, video and audio inputs are of much larger volumes, and grow as the video length increases, which naturally requires more compute dedicated to these modalities and makes modeling of long-range dependencies harder. We here decouple the multimodal modeling, dividing it into separate, focused autoregressive models, processing the inputs according to the characteristics of the modalities. We propose a multimodal model, called Mirasol3B, consisting of an autoregressive component for the time-synchronized modalities (audio and video), and an autoregressive component for the context modalities which are not necessarily aligned in time but are still sequential. To address the long-sequences of the video-audio inputs, we propose to further partition the video and audio sequences in consecutive snippets and autoregressively process their representations. To that end, we propose a Combiner mechanism, which models the audio-video information jointly within a timeframe. The Combiner learns to extract audio and video features from raw spatio-temporal signals, and then learns to fuse these features producing compact but expressive representations per snippet. Our approach achieves the state-of-the-art on well established multimodal benchmarks, outperforming much larger models. It effectively addresses the high computational demand of media inputs by both learning compact representations, controlling the sequence length of the audio-video feature representations, and modeling their dependencies in time

In-vivo knee kinematics in rotationally unconstrained total knee arthroplasty.

Total knee replacement designs claim characteristic kinematic performance that is rarely assessed in patients. In the present study, in vivo kinematics of a new prosthesis design was measured during activities of daily living. This design is posterior stabilized for which spine-cam interaction coordinates free axial rotation throughout the flexion-extension arc by means of a single radius of curvature for the femoral condyles in the sagittal and frontal planes. Fifteen knees were implanted with this prosthesis, and 3D video-fluoroscopic analysis was performed at 6-month follow-up for three motor tasks. The average range of flexion was 70.1\ub0 (range: 60.1-80.2\ub0) during stair-climbing, 74.7\ub0 (64.6-84.8\ub0) during chair-rising, and 64.1\ub0 (52.9-74.3\ub0) during step-up. The corresponding average rotation on the tibial base-plate of the lines between the medial and lateral contact points was 9.4\ub0 (4.0-22.4\ub0), 11.4\ub0 (4.6-22.7\ub0), and 11.3\ub0 (5.1-18.0\ub0), respectively. The pivot point for these lines was found mostly in the central area of the base-plate. Nearly physiological range of axial rotation can be achieved at the replaced knee during activities of daily living

DISTRIBUCIÓN DE INSTALACIONES: MÉTODOS DE SOLUCIÓN Y APLICACIONES RECIENTES

In this work is presented a state-of-art review of the Facility Layout Problem (FLP) and the its different solution methods, such as heuristic, metaheuristic and exact methods. Principally emphasizing in metaheuristic techniques such as Genetic Algorithm, Simulated Annealing, Particle Swarm Optimization, Ant Colony Optimization, Tabu Search and hybrid algorithm applied in the last years. Additionally some applications are shown of these methods in real and simulated scenarios

A rare case of life threatening non-obstetric-non-traumatic vulvar-vaginal haematoma secondary to suspected spontaneous rupture of the right pudendal artery: surgical management in a reference hospital in Southern Nigeria

Vulvar haematoma due to obstetrics and traumatic causes have been reported. However, non-obstetrics-non-traumatic vulvar-vaginal haematoma is very rare yet could be life threatening. Good management and outcome may be challenged by low index of suspicion, inexperience and lack of standard guideline for care. We report a rare case of life threatening non-obstetric-non-traumatic vulvar-vaginal haematoma secondary to suspected spontaneous rupture of the right pudendal artery in a 35-year-old woman which presented as emergency with diagnostic challenges and was successfully surgically managed. This report draws attention of clinicians to this rare but important clinical scenario which can present with diagnostic challenges. It further highlights different approaches to treatment but emphasizes surgical treatment as key to quick recovery with lesser morbidities

Photoreduction of CO2 on ZIF-8/TiO2 nanocomposites in a gaseous photoreactor under pressure swing

A new type of zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF-8/TiO nanocomposites was developed for photocatalytic reduction of CO to CH and CO in a newly designed photoreactor under intentionally controlled pressure swing. The ZIF-8/TiO core-shell structure plays an important role in the adsorption of CO by ZIF-8 and subsequent in-situ photocatalytic reduction on TiO. The introduction of pressure change in the reaction system facilitates the adsorption-desorption process of CO and reaction products, which consequently led to improved photoreduction performance. This approach highlights the importance of mass transfer and reactor design for improved photoreduction

Tectonic rotations and transcurrent deformation south of the Abancay deflection in the Andes of southern Peru

International audienceWe report new paleomagnetic results from 55 out of 76 sites sampled at different localities along a transect from Nazca to Cuzco where the general structures of the Peruvian Andes are strongly offset across the Abancay deflection. Nine new 39Ar/40Ar ages better constrain the timing of volcanism along the western edge of the Western Cordillera at the latitude of Nazca. A mean paleomagnetic result from 22 sites in the lower Miocene volcanics does not show significant rotation (R = −2.3° ± 7.7°) of the western margin of the Central Andean Plateau since the early Miocene. Within the Western Cordillera we sampled three structural blocks bounded to the north by the Abancay fault system. In the westernmost block, a large counterclockwise rotation (R = −65.0° ± 11.1°) is found in Mesozoic limestones and Paleocene-Eocene red beds. Magnitude of rotation decreases toward the east from (R = −35.6° ± 12.8°) in the central block to (R = −4.5° ± 8.4°) south of the town of Cuzco. The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) recorded by the red beds sediments is the consequence of compaction and tectonic strain during the early stages of deformation. We show that the magnetic lineations were also rotated counterclockwise as the remanent magnetizations. The present study confirms results from the Peruvian fore arc, showing that rotations are not older than circa 40 Ma and likely not younger than circa 20 Ma. The spatial variation in the amount of counterclockwise rotation suggests a large component of shear along the Abancay deflection concomitant with a broad late Eocene-Oligocene oroclinal deformation in southern Peru

Prototypical few-shot segmentation for cross-institution male pelvic structures with spatial registration

The prowess that makes few-shot learning desirable in medical image analysis is the efficient use of the support image data, which are labelled to classify or segment new classes, a task that otherwise requires substantially more training images and expert annotations. This work describes a fully 3D prototypical few-shot segmentation algorithm, such that the trained networks can be effectively adapted to clinically interesting structures that are absent in training, using only a few labelled images from a different institute. First, to compensate for the widely recognised spatial variability between institutions in episodic adaptation of novel classes, a novel spatial registration mechanism is integrated into prototypical learning, consisting of a segmentation head and an spatial alignment module. Second, to assist the training with observed imperfect alignment, support mask conditioning module is proposed to further utilise the annotation available from the support images. Extensive experiments are presented in an application of segmenting eight anatomical structures important for interventional planning, using a data set of 589 pelvic T2-weighted MR images, acquired at seven institutes. The results demonstrate the efficacy in each of the 3D formulation, the spatial registration, and the support mask conditioning, all of which made positive contributions independently or collectively. Compared with the previously proposed 2D alternatives, the few-shot segmentation performance was improved with statistical significance, regardless whether the support data come from the same or different institutes

Prototypical few-shot segmentation for cross-institution male pelvic structures with spatial registration

The prowess that makes few-shot learning desirable in medical image analysis is the efficient use of the support image data, which are labelled to classify or segment new classes, a task that otherwise requires substantially more training images and expert annotations. This work describes a fully 3D prototypical few-shot segmentation algorithm, such that the trained networks can be effectively adapted to clinically interesting structures that are absent in training, using only a few labelled images from a different institute. First, to compensate for the widely recognised spatial variability between institutions in episodic adaptation of novel classes, a novel spatial registration mechanism is integrated into prototypical learning, consisting of a segmentation head and an spatial alignment module. Second, to assist the training with observed imperfect alignment, support mask conditioning module is proposed to further utilise the annotation available from the support images. Extensive experiments are presented in an application of segmenting eight anatomical structures important for interventional planning, using a data set of 589 pelvic T2-weighted MR images, acquired at seven institutes. The results demonstrate the efficacy in each of the 3D formulation, the spatial registration, and the support mask conditioning, all of which made positive contributions independently or collectively. Compared with the previously proposed 2D alternatives, the few-shot segmentation performance was improved with statistical significance, regardless whether the support data come from the same or different institutes.Comment: accepted by Medical Image Analysi