IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EVALUATIONS OF UREA-BASED PRODUCTS IN CATTLE FEEDING

The main purpose of the present thesis was to improve the knowledge about the aspects of urea utilization in cattle diets in respect to rumen fermentation and animal performance. The first experimental part of the thesis consists of feeding trial with Italian Simmental fattening bulls (Exp. 1) and in vitro trial with continuous culture fermenters (Exp. 2). The aim was to study the effects of dietary substitution of soybean meal (SBM) with urea (U) within medium (M) and low (L) levels of intestinal digestible protein (PDI) on animal performance and on in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics. In Exp. 1, the average daily gain (ADG) of Italian Simmental finishing bulls was satisfactory (1.32 kg/d), however, both ADG and feed efficiency tended (P<0.10) to be higher in M diets. Slaughter traits were unaffected by dietary treatments. In Exp. 2, large differences in the ammonia concentrations were found between M and L diets over different sampling times (P<0.01 at T0, T1, and T2; P<0.05 at T3). In vitro DM digestibility tended to be higher for U diets (P<0.10). Molar proportions of butyrate were higher in M and U diets (P<0.01). Although the in vitro environment lowered diversity and richness of bacteria population and total VFA concentration (P<0.01), it allowed the growth of the major bacterial phyla found in vivo. The second experimental part consists of three in vitro trials. The aim was to evaluate the capacity of urea-treated cereals (barley and corn) for slow-release ammonia properties in vitro. In Exp. 1, milled untreated (CTR), urea-treated (UT) and urea-added (UA) samples were incubated in the rumen liquid and sampled for ammonia at 0, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 h. The UT cereals released less ammonia than the UA (P<0.05), while the CTR showed the least ammonia concentrations (P<0.01). In Exp.2, CTR and UT samples in three physical forms: whole, coarsely and finely milled were incubated in distilled water for 1, 2, 4, 6 or 8 h, and then analyzed for N content. The N solubility of UT and CTR cereals changed according to the physical form (20.2 vs. 9.6%, 31.9 vs. 13.2% and 43.7 vs. 15.2% for the whole, coarse and milled, respectively, P<0.01 of interaction). In Exp.3, CTR, UT and UA milled samples were incubated in rumen fluid first for 96 h to determine a halftime (t1/2) and second, for t1/2 to measure gas production, degradability, microbial N, VFA and ammonia. In barley, UT and CTR treatments produced more gas than UA incubation, while in corn, UT and UA produced less gas than CTR (P<0.01). The highest microbial N was found for UT samples in both cereals (P<0.01). A lower butyrate concentration was detected for UT samples (P<0.01). The third experimental part consists of two in vitro gas tests. The aim was to test in vitro rumen gas production technique in differentiating slow-release urea (SRU) products. In the Exp. 1, five progressive urea doses (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg) added to corn meal (CM) were tested. Rise in urea doses depressed gas production at each of measurement times (P<0.01). Above 50 mg of urea dose, a decrease (P<0.01) of apparent substrate degradability (ASD) was observed. In Exp. 2 nine SRU products added to CM in amounts equivalent to 50 mg (on N basis) of urea (CM + SRU), CM alone and CM added with urea (CM + U) were incubated. Gas production had the highest values for CM and the lowest for CM + U substrates (P<0.01) while for all CM + SRU mixes gas production varied between CM and CM + U values. Overall, despite a tendency for lower ADG in finishing bulls fed L diets, no detrimental effects neither on slaughter traits nor on in vitro rumen fermentation were detected. High moisture cereal grains treated with urea might be an opportunity to safety include urea in fattening diets, given their slow releasing properties and their capacity to improve microbial N synthesis found in vitro. Finally, a new approach to evaluate a variety of SRU products was suggested for consideration.Ingles

Problems in increasing innovative sustainability of regional development

The article provides a comparative analysis of innovative and technological development in Russia and other countries. The paper shows that the innovation sector of the Russian Federation lags behind most developed and developing countries: Russia has almost left the market of high technologies, the main expenditures on innovations are incurred in the sectors of low and medium technology industries; the self-sufficiency in the Russian economy in a number of key types of manufacturing equipment is significantly below the threshold marks determined by national security requirements. The authors describe the differentiation of innovative development in the Russian regions. The study of Russian innovation space has revealed that there are fairly intensive processes of science decay on the periphery, which causes serious problems for the spread of innovative impulses across the country. The article elaborates the methodology for comprehensive assessment of innovative security in the region and presents the relevant calculations for the regions of the Ural Federal District (UFD). It identifies the factors of innovative sustainability that are the most critical for these regions. The authors present the forecast and built long-term forecast trajectories for the level of innovative security in UFD by using the modernized Hurst method. They define the main barriers to the innovative development of Russian regions. The article presents the methodological approaches to substantiating the priority areas for building the innovative systems of regions by taking into account the characteristics of their science and manufacturing complexes. The authors propose a methodology to formally assess the priority of establishing in the region the centers of innovative activity aimed at supporting the competitiveness of industries with different levels of technology intensity. The paper presents the results of calculations with regard to priority of establishing the centers of innovative activity aimed at supporting the development of industries with different level of technology intensity using the example of UFD, one of the leading Russian regions in terms of innovation and production capacity.The article has been supported by the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation, Project 14-02-00331 “Innovative and technology development of the region: assessment, forecasting and ways of progressing”

Studying the features of industrial tourism development and operation in the region

Thematic justification: The urgency of the problem under study is caused by the insufficient developed theoretical aspects and conceptual provisions of the strategy for the formation and development of industrial tourism at the regional level.Purposes: A purpose of this article is to provide the scientific and methodological support for organizing and regulating the industrial tourism development at the regional level, and the practical aspects of implementing industrial tourism in the modern context.Study methods: The key method of studying this issue is a content analysis of the websites of organizations involved in the system of industrial tourism organization and promotion in the regions of Russia, as well as a survey of enterprises and consumers in the field of industrial tourism, allowing to consider the features, identify the trends and prospects for its development in a comprehensive manner.Results of the study: The article reveals the features of industrial tourism development in the regions of Russia based on the analysis of portals of the regional ministries and departments for tourism, websites of the enterprises in the context of federal districts, and information on the excursions to industrial enterprises in the media; the survey results of industrial enterprises and consumers of tourism facilities are provided for analyzing the conditions, the demand for services and the prospects for its development in the region; and the main directions of regional policy are developed in the field of industrial tourism promotion and development.Practical relevance: The study results and developed proposals can be used by the authorities when providing the various purpose-oriented programs for tourist and recreational complex, developing the domestic and inbound tourism at the regional level, and improving the measures aimed at developing and implementing the proposals for strategic development and promotion of industrial tourism.Keywords: industrial tourism, region, enterprise, consumers, development prospect

Magnetic Properties of Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/SrRuO3 Superlattices

High-quality Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3/SrRuO3 superlattices were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition and were investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and SQUID magnetometry. Superlattices with orthorhombic and tetragonal SrRuO3 layers were investigated. The superlattices grew coherently; in the growth direction Pr0.7Ca0.3MnO3 layers were terminated by MnO2- and SrRuO3 layers by RuO2-planes. All superlattices showed antiferromagnetic interlayer coupling in low magnetic fields. The coupling strength was significantly higher for orthorhombic than for tetragonal symmetry of the SrRuO3 layers. The strong interlayer exchange coupling in the superlattice with orthorhombic SrRuO3 layers led to a magnetization reversal mechanism with a partially inverted hysteresis loop.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

Analysis of administrative processes in the management of socio-economic development

In the article views the problems of socio-economic systems. Administration of socio-economic development aimed at smoothing the differentiation of territories of the Russian Federation. The author found that the priority administration socio-economic systems is the modernization and diversification of the state economy in simultaneous interaction of the triad component

REGIONAL PECULIARITIES OF UNDERSTANDING PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL WELL-BEING BY NORTHERN TEACHERS AND ARCTIC TERRITORIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)

In the period of socio-economic transformation of the study of regional peculiarities of understanding personal and professional wellbeing of teachers in the North and Arctic territories of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are particularly pertinent given with the increase of dissatisfaction with the social and economic situation of young teachers, a reluctance to carry out their professional activities in remote territorial units of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). In modern conditions the welfare of an individual depends not only on the environment, material security, and mental and physical health, but also on the subjective understanding of the professional and personal welfare of teachers.Analysis of domestic and foreign scientific research allows us to note that among some of the main methodological issues of research of a phenomenon well-being is the issue of the understanding of the professional and personal well-being. However, it should be noted that the problem of psychological and pedagogical support of professional and personal well-being is complex and not well understood.Thus, the study of qualitative changes in the Outlook and attitude of teachers in the North and the Arctic gives you a holistic awareness of the impact on human reality transformation processes, and identifying qualitative changes in the personality, allowing to go deeper into issues of professional personal growth in the conditions of modernization of education, contributes effectively to determine strategic goals for professional and personal development pedagogical in terms of additional professional development

Genotype C/C 13910 of the Lactase Gene as a Risk Factor for the Formation of Insulin-Resistant Obesity in Children

Introduction: To reduce the risk of insulin resistance in obesity in children with lactase gene genotypes, we studied the factors that stimulate the chronic inflammatory process. Material and methods: 109 children 6–18 years of age were investigated. The main group (n = 56) was presented by children with signs of insulin-resistant obesity according to the criteria of the European Society of Endocrinology and the Pediatric Endocrine Society. The control group (n = 53) included obese children without insulin resistance. A comprehensive clinical examination, food diary analysis, genotyping of the lactase gene by means of the polymerase chain reaction, the Immunochemical Test Method with Electrochemiluminescent Detection of basal insulinemia, Hydrogen breath test with lactose load, sequential analysis, ROC analysis were carried out. Results: Clinical manifestations of lactose maldigestion in a child increased the risk of possible insulin resistance (prognostic coefficient (PC +2.6), as well as the presence of the lactase C/C 13910 gene genotype (PC +5.8) did. The genotype C/T 13910 in children had a protective effect on the risk of obesity (PC −2.9). The lowest risk of insulin-resistant obesity in observed among children with the genotype T/T 13910 (PC −12). Conclusion: The presence of the C/C 13910 genotype of the lactase gene is the main factor formation of insulin resistance in children’s obesity. What is known? The genotype C/C 13910 of the lactase gene as a risk factor for the chronic inflammatory process in the body. What is New? Genotype C/C 13910 of the lactase gene as a risk factor for insulin-resistant obesity in children

Основні напрямки та переваги сучасних інформаційно-аналітичних систем прогнозування економічних ситуацій

У статті виділено центральний елемент будь-якої інформаційно-аналітичної системи, визначено та докладно розглянуто можливі компоненти прогнозування економічних ситуацій, а також надано переваги сучасних інформаційно-аналітичних систем прогнозування економічних ситуацій у процесі планування соціально- економічного розвитку з урахуванням змін у зовнішніх умовах та стратегічних цілях.The central element of any informationanalytical system is examined in the article, the possible components of forecasting of the economic situations are defined and thoroughly considered, are given the advantages of the modern informationanalytical systems of prognostication of economic situations in the process of planning of socio-economic development taking into account changes in external terms and strategic aims

From the experience of learning of musical software

При финансовой поддержке Российского гуманитарного научного фонда, проект № 07-06-14162