A transversalidade do tema meio ambiente na prática pedagógica

Orientação: Maria das Graças Andrade Ataíde de Almeida ; co-orientação: Óscar Conceição de SousaA educação é notadamente uma das ações mais importantes de mobilização socioambiental e cada vez mais se reconhece o papel transformador da escola frente às problemáticas ambientais. No ano de 1997 o Brasil publicou os PCNs (Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais) que traziam os Temas Transversais, dentre eles o Meio Ambiente, para serem inseridos no cotidiano escolar. Esse contexto serviu de base para nossa investigação que teve por objetivo verificar como se dá a abordagem do tema Meio Ambiente, no que se refere à sua transversalidade, na prática pedagógica entre professores e alunos do ensino fundamental. Para tanto foi utilizada uma abordagem quanti-qualitativa, utilizando-se de técnicas como questionário e entrevistas, envolvendo 12 professores e 357 alunos de escolas públicas estaduais e municipais de dois municípios vizinhos, localizados no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. A investigação esteve apoiada no pensamento de diversos autores, dentre os quais destacamos Carvalho, I. (2004, 2006, 2007); Gadotti, M. (2005, 2008, 2010); Gavidia, V. (2002); Guimarães, M. (2003, 2004, 2009); Leff, E. (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010); Loureiro, C. (2004, 2005, 2006); Reigotta, M. (2007, 2008, 2009) e Yus, R. (1998, 2002). Com a análise dos dados obtidos concluímos que o trabalho docente envolvendo o tema Meio Ambiente ainda não atingiu o patamar transversal, embora utilizando abordagens significativas, como projetos pedagógicos, a prática interdisciplinar que a transversalidade requer ainda não foi consolidada, indicando a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento profissional - teórico e prático - sobre a aplicabilidade do tema.Education is notably one of the most important actions of mobilization and socio increasingly recognizes the transformative role of environmental issues facing the school. In 1997 Brazil published PCNs (Parameters National Curriculum) that brought the Transversal Themes, including the Environment, to be inserted in school life. This context provided the basis for our investigation that aimed to verify how to approach the topic Environment, in relation to its pervasive nature in pedagogical practice among elementary school teachers and students. For this we used a quantitative and qualitative approach, using techniques such as questionnaire and interviews involving 12 teachers and 375 students from public schools and municipal two neighboring counties, located in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The research was supported in thinking of many authors, among which Carvalho, I. (2004, 2006, 2007); Gadotti, M. (2005, 2008, 2010); Gavidia, V. (2002); Guimarães, M. (2003, 2004, 2009); Leff, E. (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010); Loureiro, C. (2004, 2005, 2006); Reigotta, M. (2007, 2008, 2009) and Yus, R. (1998, 2002). With the analysis of the data concluded that teaching involving the theme Environment has not yet reached the level cross while using significant approaches, such as educational projects, interdisciplinary practice that requires mainstreaming has not been consolidated, indicating a need for further training theoretical and practical applicability remains the theme

Causas identificáveis de internação prolongada de recém-nascido em uma maternidade do Distrito Federal: Identifiable causes of prolonged hospitalization of a newborn in a maternity in the Federal District - Brazil

Introdução: No Brasil não existe uma definição oficial sobre o tempo de permanência hospitalar pós-parto, seguindo atualmente o que é preconizado pela Portaria 1016 do Ministério da Saúde, publicada no Diário Oficial da União 167, de 1º de setembro de 1993: “As altas não deverão ser dadas antes de 48 horas, considerando o alto teor educativo inerente ao sistema de Alojamento Conjunto e, ser este período importante na detecção de patologias neonatais”. O Departamento de Neonatologia da Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (SBP) alerta para os perigos e desvantagens de uma permanência hospitalar inferior a 48 horas e para a necessidade de cumprimento dos critérios mínimos citados e recomendados pela AAP para que a alta de recém-nascidos de termo saudáveis seja segura. Objetivo: Avaliar as principais possíveis causas que podem levar ao aumento do tempo de permanência em mais de 48 horas dos recém-nascidos no alojamento conjunto de um hospital secundário do Distrito Federal. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo. Os critérios de inclusão para a amostra serão: recém-nascidos que necessitaram ficar na Maternidade do Hospital Regional de Sobradinho mais de 48h. O presente estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciência da Saúde (Fepcs) sob CAAE: 53799921.0.0000.5553 e parecer número 5.586.001. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo informações de 200 prontuários de recém-nascidos internados além das 48h no alojamento conjunto do Hospital Regional de Sobradinho no ano de 2019. A média de período de internação foi de 4,7 dias (3-19 dias). 52,5% dos RNs eram do sexo feminino. As causas de internações que mais prolongaram o período de internação foram institucionais em 47% dos casos, causas do RN em 34,5% e maternas em 11%; Causas conjuntas (institucional; RN e materna) representaram 7,5% dos casos. Conclusão: Há necessidade de serem criadas estratégias que contribuam para a diminuição do tempo de permanência no Alcon em RNs saudáveis. É importante também fortalecer os cuidados dispensados aos RNs com icterícia e às genitoras com baixa produção de colostro, tendo em vista que essas condições são os fatores principais que contribuíram para o aumento do período de permanência do RN no Alcon

Mathematical literacy and transdisciplinarity: investigation of interrelationships contemplated in the national common core curriculum base

This article theoretically investigates correspondences between the principles of Transdisciplinarity and the concept of athematical Literacy due to the need to reformulate the usual Mathematics teaching practices, which result in precarious learning for Brazilian students. Based on this investigation, in parallel, we present the results of a bibliographic mapping of national articles published between 2018 and 2021, interrelating ideas on Mathematics, Transdisciplinarity, and the National Curricular Common Base (BNCC in Portuguese), to identify Mathematical Literacy improvements. The results revealed that Mathematical Literacy can be transdisciplinary in BNCC as long as there is a development of skills such as selfmanagement and eaching of Mathematics approaching contents in a transversal and multi-referential way. For future works, we suggest that studies deeply investigate aspects of Transdisciplinarity contained in the BNCC in the area of Mathematics, as well as studies applying such aspects in pedagogical experiences of mathematical literacy

Vaginal microbiota of nulliparous and multiparous cows and their resistance to antimicrobials

Infertility and prenatal mortality are the most important causes of production losses in domestic animals. The presence of pathogenic agents in the female reproductive system of cattle can negatively influence the reproductive performance of the herd. The objective of this study was to isolate, quantify, and characterize the components of the vaginal microbiota of multiparous and nulliparous mongrel cows, focusing on proper health and reproductive management. Samples were collected from 20 healthy animals: 10 nulliparous and 10 multiparous cows. The inoculation was performed simultaneously on four different culture media: BBL CHROM agar Candida, BBL Bile Esculin Agar Slants, Baird-Parker Agar, and MacConkey Agar bile salts. The isolated microorganisms were identified according to morphological and biochemical features. Microorganisms were detected in 80% of the nulliparous and 10% of the multiparous cows, with the following frequency: 88.78% of bacteria had morphophysiological characteristics of Staphylococcus spp., 11.22% of Escherichia coli, and 120 isolated yeast colonies which were identified as Candida tropicalis (69%), C. albicans (24%), and C. krusei. Seventeen isolates of Staphylococcus spp. (53.12%) presented sensitivity to all antimicrobials tested: 65.6% to amoxillin, 46.9% to erythromycin, 71.8% to rifampicin, and 46.9% to tetracycline. The rate of resistance to antimicrobials (MDR) was 0.125. The presence of typical microorganisms was detected. The MDR indicated that the isolates did not show multiresistance, with only two (6.25%) resistant to more than one antimicrobial simultaneously. The bacterial isolates studied were sensitive to the antimicrobial drugs tested, demonstrating the potential for use of these active ingredients

Progressive Histiocytosis of Non-Epitheliotropic Dendritic Cells in a Feline

Background: Histiocytic tumors in felines are nodules that commonly develop on limbs and head extremities. They can be divided into many subtypes including cutaneous histiocytoma, histiocytic sarcoma, reactive fibrohistiocytic nodule, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and progressive feline dendritic cell. Despite the same origin, they have behaviors that differ from each other, thus it is important to confirm diagnosis with histopathological and immunohistochemical tests, because early identification can facilitate prognosis and treatment. In this study, we describe the pathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, enabling differentiation feline neoplasms derived from histiocytes. Case: A 5-year-old, crossbreed, male, feline presented with a nodulation at the base of the left ear. The mass was slow growing, partially alopecic, with no other changes associated with tumor development. The nodule was round and circumscribed, movable, with an elevated surface. He was referred for surgery and an elliptical sample around the tumor was carefully dissected. Routine histopathological evaluation was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), as well as immunohistochemistry. Histopathology showed circumscribed proliferation of histiocytic cells, with abundant and eosinophilic cytoplasm. The proliferative cells were large and rounded, extending from the superficial dermis and basement membrane to the deep dermis. At the extremities, some cells had visible vacuoles. Mitotic activity ranged from 3 to 4 mitoses per field in 40x magnification. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for histocompatibility complex MCII and lysozyme antibodies, marking histiocytic cells. Labeling was positive for CD20 in cells of lymphoid lineage B and negative for E-cadherin. Histiocytic cells did not invade the epidermis; hence, proliferation was classified as nonepitheliotropic. These methods contribute to the literature regarding the diagnosis of this rare tumor. Therefore, histological as well as immunohistochemical evaluation are important bfor confirming clinical diagnosis of histiocytic proliferation non-epitheliotropic. Discussion: Progressive histiocytosis of feline dendritic cells, in both epitheliotropic and non-epitheliotropic forms, is considered a clinically progressive and rare disorder. There are reports which include cytological, clinical, histological and immunohistochemical examinations, but the diagnostic characteristics regarding the non-epitheliotropic classification have not yet been properly identified. Nodulations are predominantly observed in head and limb regions, usually non-ulcerated, which can both increase and decrease in size, and are typically painless. The tumor in the present case was restricted to the base of the ear and no evidence of infiltration or metastasis was found. Progressive histiocytosis may spread and reach the lymphatic system through the lymph nodes, subsequently becoming systemic. The non-aggressive behavior observed in this case is possibly related to the non-epitheliotropic pattern. In the present case, MHC II histocompatibility complex markers, a phenotype compatible with dendritic cells, were used. Lysozyme antibodies marked histiocytic cells and the reactive lymphoid infiltrate was composed of CD20-positive B lymphoid lineage cells. Staining for E-cadherin was negative, negative results in labeling experiments is common, it is dependent upon the cellular origin of the leukocytes present in the sample. Staining for these molecules is recommended for differentiating feline progressive histiocytosis from Langerhans cells. Langerhans cells can be characterized by E-cadherin expression in about 10% of cases and marked T lymphocyte and neutrophil expression in the affected tissue. In this case, the histopathological exam along with immunohistochemistry was essential for differentiating them

Potential biosurfactant producing endophytic and epiphytic fungi, isolated from macrophytes in the Negro River in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Endophytic and epiphytic fungi isolated from Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms and Cyperus ligularis L., macrophytes collected from oil-contaminated waters, were studied to assess their potential for producing biosurfactants; the most promising ones were identified by means of the rDNA region sequencing. In the selection, in the hydrocarbonate biodegradation activity, 2.6-indophenol (DCPIP) in oil-added Bushnell-Haas (BH) medium was the indicator used. The following tests were performed to ascertain the biosurfactant, bioemulsifier activity: emulsification measurement, drop-collapse, surface tension and production slope. Of the twenty fungi isolated, six promoted DCPIP discoloration. The isolate (S31) Phoma sp. showed emulsification of diesel (1.5 cm or 52%) and reduction of the surface tension of 51.03 mN/m water identified as Phoma sp. The other five fungi were identified as Rhizopus oryzae (S24), Fusarium sp. (S32, S33, S42, S46), presenting potential for biodegradation of hydrocarbons, as well. New studies on Phoma sp. (S31), including its cultivation in different carbon sources will be necessary to improve the production of secondary compounds involved in surface tension bioemulsification and reduction.Keywords: Bioremediation, bioemulsifiers, Eichhornia, Cyperus, oil, diese

Projetos de Poços: um Estudo de Caso na Bacia Sergipe-Alagoas

A exploração de petróleo tem atingido regiões cada vez mais profundas, fazendo-se necessária a realização de um estudo aprofundado de geopressões para se evitar problemas durante a perfuração de um poço. Assim, o trabalho apresentado em tela faz uma comparação das geopressões na bacia Sergipe-Alagoas, utilizando correlações empíricas calibradas para o Golfo do México com o que foi medido durante a perfuração. Para o estudo das pressões de subsuperfície foram utilizados dados de dois poços fornecidos pela Empresa Z, sendo calculados os gradientes de pressão de sobrecarga, poros e fratura. Os resultados foram comparados com os dados da perfilagem e Repeated Formation Test. Foi observado que algumas equações precisam de um ajuste fino e outras, de ajustes mais rigorosos. Com isso, este estudo pretende fomentar outras discussões que possibilitem a construção de pesquisas acerca da calibração das constantes relacionadas à bacia Sergipe-Alagoas

Toxicity and Anti-promastigote Activity of Benzoxazinoid Analogs Against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum

Purpose: Here, we aim to evaluate the antileishmanial activity of compounds with a benzoxazinoid (BX) skeleton, previously synthesized by our group, against Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum promastigotes. Methods: Anti-promastigote activity, as well as cytotoxicity, were determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assays. The selectivity index (SI) for each compound was calculated using a ratio of the cytotoxicity of compounds and the geometric mean (GM) of antileishmanial concentrations to each species tested. The comparisons between groups were carried out using a t test or analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA). A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: All the compounds tested were active, with IC50 falling between 92 +/- 6.19 mu g/mL and 238 +/- 6.57 mu g/mL for L. braziliensis, and 89 +/- 6.43 mu g/mL and 188 +/- 3.58 mu g/mL against L. infantum. Bex2, Bex3, Pyr1, Pyr2, and Pyr4 were compounds that showed activity similar to the drug Glucantime (R), exhibited low cytotoxicity against splenic hamster cells (CC50 raging between >400 and 105.7 +/- 2.26 mu g/mL) and had favorable selectivity indices (SI 1.12 to 3.96). Conclusion: The analogs in question are promising prototypes for the pharmaceutical development of novel, safer and more effective leishmanicidal agents

Canopy Height and Its Relationship with Leaf Area Index and Light Interception of Tropical Grasses

Photosynthetic tissues, mainly green leaves, are the major component of forage growth and development. The amount of these tissues in a forage plant is influenced directly by the cutting management, which is based on cutting frequency and stubble height. It is usual to recommend as a management practice to cut (or graze) the forage whenever it reaches a given stubble height. Brougham (1956) stated that, when the forage canopy is intercepting 95% of the photosynthetic active radiation, this is the critical leaf area index (LAI), which means the forage is near its maximum growth rate without shading itself. There is also the optimum LAI, where the forage reaches the maximum point of mass accumulation, indicating time to start grazing or cut. Generally the critical and optimum LAI have close values, but they are not necessarily the same (Brown and Blaser, 1968). This trial evaluated the relationship among canopy height, leaf area index, and light interception in ten different tropical grasses

Desenvolvimento de balas de gelatina de morango enriquecida com extrato de hibisco (Hibiscus Sabdarifa L.) / Development of strawberry flavor gelatine bullets enriched with hibisco extract (Hibiscus Sabdarifa L.)

A busca por alimentos que ofereçam, além de nutrientes fundamentais, compostos com propriedades ativas no organismo pelos consumidores, estimulou nos últimos anos a inovação constante na indústria de alimentos, incluindo o setor de confeitaria. Entre os compostos com propriedades bioativas, as antocianinas, são um grupo de pigmentos hidrofílicos que, com uma ampla variedade de cores, podem ser aplicados em uma ampla variedade de produtos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver uma bala de gelatina de morango enriquecida com extrato de antocianina de hibisco, bem como avaliar o efeito da incorporação do extrato nas características físico-químicas e sensoriais dos produtos. Em relação aos parâmetros físico-químicos, observou-se que das duas formulações, com e sem extrato de hibisco, a diferença estatística (p <0,05) foi significativa nos parâmetros umidade, cinzas, pH e sólidos solúveis, causando inclusive redução na formulação feita com extrato de hibisco. Quanto à análise sensorial, o único parâmetro que mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante (p <0,05) entre as duas formulações foi a cor, sendo avaliada como mais “acentuada” por alguns provadores, demonstrando o potencial do uso do corante natural de hibisco como agente de coloração. formulações de doces de gelatina. Além dos resultados expostos acima, também foi observado que a incorporação do extrato, em substituição à polpa, reduziu em 36% o valor calórico da formulação padrão. Como perspectivas futuras, novos estudos precisam ser desenvolvidos para avaliar a prevalência de compostos bioativos no produto final, bem como a capacidade antioxidante das formulações.