Engineering and Economic Analysis of the Synthesis of Fluoride Tin Oxide Film Production

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Fluoride Tin Oxide (SnO2/F) production in home-scale industry in engineering point of view and economic evaluation perspective. This material is considered due to its wide range of energy-related applications. Evaluation of the SnO2/F production in engineering perspective is conducted from the selection of the most economical process, mass balance calculation, to the adaptation in the commercially available apparatuses. Evaluation of the production from the economic point of view is done by calculating economic parameters: Gross Profit Margin, Internal Rate Return, Payback Period, Cummulative Net Present Value, Profitability Index, and Breakeven Point. In short of the production process, we used the pure tin (as the metal precursor) and ammonium fluoride (as the source of Flouride for doping). The engineering point of view showed that the process is able to produce conductive glass that can be used as the active electrode substrate in the solar cell. Economic evaluation showed that the process is profitable, confirmed by the positive values from all economic parameters. However, for some cases that are compared to the market and the local bank interest, the process is not attractive for investor. Thus, to make them attractive, support from government or corporate social responsibility is required

Isotherm Adsorption of Carbon Microparticles Prepared from Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) Seeds Using Two-Parameter Monolayer Adsorption Models and Equations

The isotherm adsorption of carbon microparticles prepared from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seeds were studied and modelled. Experiments were done by evaluating carbon microparticles with various sizes (from 100 to 1000 um) for adsorbing curcumin (as a model of adsorbate) in an aqueous solution, and the results were derived and compared using the kinetics approach based on several standard isotherm adsorption models. Seven isotherm models were used to predict and determine the characteristic parameters: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Flory-Huggins, Fowler–Guggenheim, and Hill-de Boer isotherm models. The results were then analyzed and accompanied by an adequate explanation related with the adsorption mechanisms and the determination techniques of its adsorption constants. The models showed that the interaction of adsorbates with carbon surface is done in multilayers with physical processes. Inorganic contents in the pumpkin seeds allow the formation of carbon with porosities, making more sites for the adsorption. The adsorbed molecules attract and associate with other free molecules. The adsorption is carried out on energetically different sites under an endothermic process. The Gibbs free energy confirmed that the adsorption is spontaneous. The results also confirmed that smaller adsorbent have direct impacts on the improving adsorption capacity (due to the existence of large surface area). Small-sized adsorbent (sizes < 500 um) has better additional adsorption (due to adsorbate-adsorbate interaction and possible existence of chemical interaction), resulting in the boosting adsorption capacity. This study is useful for further developments of carbon microparticles from organic waste material

Engineering and Economic Evaluation of The Production of Copper Nanoparticles (Cu-Nps) using Rongalite as Reducing Agent

The purpose of this study was to analyze the Economic Evaluation in the Production of Copper Nanoparticles (Cu-Nps) using Rongalite as Reducing Agent, an experimental method carried out in the perspective of engineering and economic evaluation. Technical analysis was performed using simple mass balance analysis, while economic evaluation was carried out using several economic parameters, including PBP, BEP, and CNPV. To support the analysis, all data is taken based on the available online shopping web. All calculations are carried out in ideal conditions for 20 years of production. Economic evaluation is carried out by giving 5 conditions (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) to the variable price variations in cost, sales, fixed cost, and labor. Economic evaluation analysis results show that price variations can affect the CNPV / TIC (%) curve to Life Time (year). In the variable cost, fixed cost, and labor variable price curve it is found that the condition of 0% is the highest curve compared to other conditions. While in sales price variations, the 80% condition is the highest curve. In conclusion, all price variation curves show profit. The benefits of this research are the large-scale economic evaluation data on Cu nanoparticle production

Engineering and Economic Perspective in The Production of Cu Nano

The purpose of this study is to analyze the production of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) on an industrial scale in an engineering perspective and economic evaluation perspective. Energy is needed because of various energy related applications. Evaluation of Cu nanoparticle production in an engineering perspective is carried out from the selection of processes that are adapted to industrial scale, calculation of mass balance, to the adjustment of commercially available equipment. Evaluation of production from an economic point of view is done by calculating economic parameters: Gross Profit Margin, Internal Return Rate, Payback Period, Cumulative Net Present Value, Profitability Index, and Break Even Point. Briefly from the production process, we use Copper acetate hydrate (CuAc2.2H2O) (as a source of Cu), Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene-(80)-sorbitan monooleate) and ethylene glycol (as a reducing agent). The engineering viewpoint shows this process is capable of producing Cu nanoparticles which can be used as conductive nanoionic. Economic evaluation determines the process is beneficial, discussing with positive values ​​all economic parameters. However, for some variations this process is not profitable, so economic evaluation is needed

The Effect of Socialization through Video Education The Effect of Food Maturity Level on Food Nutritional Content

This education aims to invite the public to recognize food nutrition and its potential dangers if errors occur in food processing, namely a form of educational video-based learning media, for people who live in Cigugur Girang, Parongpong, Indonesia. The method used is by using educational video dissemination media to 10 adolescent adults in Cigugur Girang with an age range of 17-28 years. Respondents consisted of 4 women and 6 men. The research was conducted through three stages; (1) pre-test before providing education to respondents; (2) education through video media; (3) post-test after providing education to respondents. The results of this study indicate an increase in respondents' knowledge after the implementation of their actions. The results of the study are based on the N-Gain value which is known to be the average value (%). Based on the test value of T (-4.205) &lt; T table (2.023) which means the value of the questionnaire increased not significantly. Based on the completion of this research, it is hoped that more people be able to find out by knowing the level of food maturity and nutritional conten

BIBLIOMETRIC COMPUTATIONAL MAPPING ANALYSIS OF PUBLICATIONS ON FERROUS FERRIC OXIDE (Fe3O4) NANOPARTICLES USING VOSVIEWER

This study aims to analyze computational bibliometric mapping using VOSviewer software on Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The article data was obtained from the Google Scholar database using a reference manager application, namely Publish or Perish. Publish or Perish software is used to conduct a literature review on the selected topic. The title and abstract of the article are used to guide the search process by referring to the keyword “Fe3O4 nanoparticles”. It was found that 998 articles related to the research period used as study material were Google Scholar indexed articles for the last 10 years (2012 to 2022). The results show that Fe3O4 nanoparticles research can be separated into 3 terms: Fe3O4 nanoparticles, nanoparticles, and Fe3O4. The term " Fe3O4 nanoparticles" is associated with 217 links with a total link strength of 986. The term "Nanoparticles" has 259 links with a total link strength of 1667 and the term " Fe3O4" has 237 links with a total link strength of 1297. The results of the analysis of research developments related to Fe3O4 nanoparticles fluctuated from 2012 to 2019. The largest increase in publications was in 2017 and 2018 with the number of publications being 110 and 109. In the last 3 years there has been a drastic decline, namely in 2020 as many as 96 publications, 2021 as many as 73 publications, and 2022 as many as 27 publications. These data indicate that the popularity of Fe3O4 nanoparticle research is relatively unstable and interest in Fe3O4 nanoparticles has decreased. This study examines how many articles have been published on Fe3O4 nanoparticles and their relation to problem areas using VOSviewer. This review of the article can serve as a starting point for research related to other materials

Analisis Tekno-Ekonomi Produksi Nanopartikel Ni(OH)2 menggunakan kombinasi metode elektrokimia tegangan tinggi dan penambahan Na-Sitrat

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki evaluasi ekonomi dari tegangan yang berbeda dalam produksi NP Ni(OH)2 disiapkan dengan metode elektrokimia dan penambahan Na – Sitrat. Nanopartikel Nikel Hidroksida merupakan salah satu jenis nanopartikel yang memiliki banyak kegunaan dan memiliki beragam aplikasi di dalam bidang industri. Dalam penelitian ini, evaluasi ekonomi dilakukan dengan menggunakan beberapa parameter ekonomi seperti BEP, PBP, CNPV, dan PI. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperlihatkan gambaran skala industri tentang evaluasi ekonomi dan produksi NP nikel hidroksida dengan menggunakan metode elektrokimia tegangan tinggi dan penambahan Na - Sitrat sebagai agen pereduksi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, proyek produksi nanopartikel nikel hidroksida menggunakan metode elektrolisis menggunakan tegangan tinggi dengan bahan baku utama logam nikel menunjukkan proyek yang prospektif dari perspektif ekonomi. Analisis PBP menunjukkan bahwa investasi menguntungkan setelah proyek berjalan selama lebih dari 2 tahun. Proyek ini dapat bersaing dengan standar pasar modal PBP karena biaya pemulihan investasi awal yang singkat. Metode elektrolisis bertegangan tinggi memiliki keuntungan, yaitu mudah dikembangkan, ekonomis, dan efisien. Dari analisis evaluasi ekonomi ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa proyek ini layak untuk dijalankan

Design of Reactor-Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor Type for the Production of Tin Oxide Nanoparticle (SnO2)

The aim of this study is to design a reactor with the CSTR type for SnO2 nanoparticles production. The method used is to perform computational analysis by calculating various specifications using Microsoft Excel. The results obtained are reactor volume is 1879.58 liters with a volume of liquid in the cylinder of 1397.51 liters. The design for the impeller specification is impeller length of 5.54 in, impeller width of 4.43 in, impeller height of 14.69 in from tank bottom with 1 number of stirrers and stirring power 8 Hp. The Re value obtained is 159345.80 which means that the type of impeller used is turbulent. Because the value of Re obtained is more than 2100, it indicates that a turbulent type is used as the impeller. This design is expected to become a standard for reference in designing a reactor to be more economical, effective, and have high reliability

Engineering and Economic Evaluation Perspective in the Production of NiO Nanoparticles

Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles have been proven and can be used in a variety of important applications. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the production process of NiO nanoparticles using the industrial co-precipitation method in terms of engineering and economic evaluation. Specifically, research was conducted by varying raw materials, product selling prices (GPM), equipment prices, and number of employees, which are compared with several economic parameters such as total investment cost (TIC), gross profit margin (GPM), break even point (BEP), payback period (PBP), net present value (NPV), and cumulative net present value (CNPV). The results showed that the PBP analysis showed that the investment would be profitable after more than 4 years with minimum product sales (GPM) of at least 90% and an increase in the price of raw materials no more than 15% of the ideal price. From this economic evaluation analysis, we can conclude that this project is feasible to run