Critical Barriers in Reverse Logistics Implementation: Case Study on Construction Machinery Remanufacturing Company in Indonesia

Increasing customer awareness of environmental issues, including awareness of the decreasing capacity of landfills for final disposal, requires industries puts more thought into the reverse logistics (RL) process. Implementing this process requires an in-depth study, especially on barriers to implementing an effective RL system. Based on these problems, this study aims to analyze the RL system's barriers, especially in Indonesian construction machinery remanufacturing companies. In general, the barriers to implementing an effective RL system are categorized as internal and external barriers. Data gathering was carried out to identify internal and external barriers to implementing an effective RL system in construction machinery remanufacturing companies. This step was carried out through literature studies, interviews with academics and practitioners in the field of RL systems, and distributing questionnaires. Furthermore, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach ranks the barriers to implementing the RL system, which is a priority for construction machinery remanufacturing companies. This research contributes to a compilation of RL system barriers, especially in the construction machinery remanufacturing industry. The result analysis using AHP showed that the priority score of criteria activity front-end is the biggest

CHARACTERIZATION OF 3D-PRINTING FILAMENT WITH EXTRUDER MELTING TEMPERATURE VARIATION FOR BONE IMPLANT FROM KUPANG SHELL

The number of bone damage in Indonesia continues to increase. Bone implant is one of the medical treatment methods performed on bone damage. Organic and non-organic materials can be used as bone implants. Non-organic materials are stronger, but not biocompatible, while organic materials are biocompatible, but brittle. The addition of polycaprolactone polymer (PCL) can increase the mechanical strength of 3D printing bone implant filaments. Extruder melting temperature is one of the factors that affect the quality of PCL-HAp filaments for bone implants. Studies related to temperature variations in PCL-HAp materials have not been widely studied. Therefore, it is necessary to characterize 3D printing filaments with variations in the melting temperature of the extruder as bone implants from mussel shells with temperature variables of 65oC, 75oC, and 85oC. From this study, the optimum point was found at the melting extruder temperature of 75oC with the results of a diameter of 1.810 and mechanical strength which showed an increase in tensile strength and Young's modulus of PCL-HAp composite in all variables compared to pure PCL. The SEM test showed a rough surface on the filaments that could increase the proliferation and adhesion of good cells for the growth of bone tissue

Production of Liquid Smoke From Bamboo Waste Using a Pyrolysis Reactor: Optimization and Kinetics Studies

There are many ways for preserving wood through the use of agricultural or biomass waste like bamboo. Its utilization can be used as a safe natural wood preservative for the community. In order to obtain a qualified liquid smoke and consumed-safe it is necessary to engineer the condenser conduit pipes. As a consequence, this study needs a performance test of condenser conduit pipe on pyrolysis reactor device. The purpose of this study is to determine the performance quality of pyrolysis reactor device based on the optimum of long condenser conduit pipe and to determine the reaction order. In this study, the pyrolysis process of 2,5 kgs bamboo was using a pyrolysis reactor in optimum operating conditions, conducted with condenser conduit pipes size 23 cm, 33 cm, 43 cm, 53 cm, 63 cm and 73 cm at temperature of 250ºC for 2 hours. The results of this study indicate that the optimal liquid smoke yield is obtained from 23 cm long condenser conduit pipe (21.66%); the mass of lost material is 52.49% found in 73 cm pipe; the performance of the pyrolysis reactor is 206.25 found in 23 cm pipe g/hour.m; and the reaction occured was included as the first order of reaction

Design of Preventive Maintenance System for A Product Design Lab using Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) Methodology

The product design and innovation laboratory, which is still relatively new, does not yet have a maintenance model to anticipate damages that may occur in the future. The purpose of this research is to build preventive maintenance to anticipate unwanted events such as sudden damage and Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for laboratory facilities. The method used is Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) using EasyFit 5.5 software, obtained a repair schedule with minimum downtime. The results of the Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) method obtained maintenance recommendations in the form of Condition Directed (CD) on 14 components that might damage the product design and innovation laboratory facilities, Finding Failure (FF) on 8 components that might damage the design laboratory facilities. products and innovations and Time Directed (TD) on 5 components that may cause damage to product design and innovation laboratory facilities, and also Based on the results of preventive maintenance built, there is a Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) which includes the use of laboratory facilities following work instructions for the use of equipment, use of facilities the laboratory follows the work instructions for use, all validation results must be stored in the form of records in the for

The Effectiveness of Alum Made of Uncoated Aluminium Foil Waste in Improving the Quality of Liquid Waste of the Tofu Industry

Aluminium foil waste increases every year in line with technology development, especially in the food and beverage industry. It will cause significant environmental problems because the packaging cannot be destroyed in the soil. Therefore, it is necessary to reprocess a large amount of aluminium waste into an alternative product such as alum which can be applied directly to the treatment of liquid tofu waste. In this study, uncoated aluminium foil waste was used, which was taken at random landfill sites and then washed and cut into small pieces. Dissolution of aluminium using KOH solution then the solution obtained is reacted with H2SO4 solution and the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 70oC. The experimental results got a maximum yield of 63.69% with Al2O3  content of 15.18% using 3 M KOH concentration and 5 M H2SO4 concentration. The obtained alum was then applied to the tofu industrial liquid waste. With the use of 800 ppm alum, there was a 60% decrease in the colour content of the Pt-Co unit, a 95.8% decrease in NTU and a 63.33% decrease in TDS. The quality of the liquid waste obtained met the technical requirements of raw water that can be treated by SNI 6773: 2008

Economical Analysis of 3GT Traditional Fishing Vessels in The Waters of Bengkalis Island

Bengkalis Island is the island of the capital city of Bengkalis regency, Riau province. Bengkalis Island is surrounded by the ocean so that the people who are on the edge of the coast mostly work as fishermen. Fishing boats in Bengkalis Island reach more than 2000 units. The limitations of fishing make it fishermen more difficult to get more income. There are a lot of efforts made by fishermen to improve these results including increasing engine power/speed of the ship and also changing fishing gear. To change this means increasing the operational costs of ships. For this reason, economic analysis needs to be calculated. In this study fishing boats are divided into 6 models, 3 models are distinguished based on the driving machine, namely 12 PK, 16 PK, and 24 PK while the other 3 models are distinguished based on the fishing gear, namely tansi net, kurau net, and longline. Analysis using the Net Present Value (NPV) method is knowing the model of the ship that returns the fastest capital and has the biggest advantage. The largest Net Present Value (NPV) is in Model 3 or 4 with NPV of Rp 307,091,520 and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 608.4%, namely yapal vessels that have 24 PK engine power and use tansi fishing gea

The effect of pretreatment process on lignocellulosic materials with a combination of microwaves and alkaline solvents on solid products.

The pretreatment process is important in treating lignocellulosic-rich biomass such as sugarcane bagasse. The lignocellulosic structure is strong, and the proportion of crystals is high, complicating the fermentation process. Still, it needs to be converted to a more amorphous structure for easy access to fermenting enzymes. The pretreatment process is carried out with alkaline solvents and microwaves in this study. The process begins by standardizing the size of the bagasse powder used. Sugarcane bagasse powder and NaOH alkaline solvent were mixed in a three-necked round-bottom flask. The reactor used in this study was a modified domestic microwave equipped with a temperature controller and condenser. The results showed that this modification was significant to reduce the weight of the residual solid product compared to the initial weight of the raw material. Process variables such as reaction time and solvent concentration significantly affect the cellulose content of solid products. However, hemicellulose content showed different results. The results of the XRD analysis showed that the crystallization index of the effect decreased with increasing pretreatment time. Pretreatment with microwaves and alkaline solvents was successful with satisfactory structural changes in the cellulosic solid

Application of Symbolic Architecture to The Design of The Fashion Carnaval Cultural Activity Center in The Jember City

Jember is one of cities in East Java which has been very famous in the world. This city is dubbed as a carnaval city because it organizes an annual festival namely “Jember Fashion Carnaval (JFC)”. It is a fashion carnaval that presents the creativity of Indonesian artists. This sort of event has so famed that many foreign visitors come and see. Jember Fashion Carnaval has become a great event of entertainment and tourism that make Jember and even Indonesian people proud of. Moreover, this event exhibits cultural and art fashion show in the international level. Unfortunately, a specific place which can accommodate this kind of activity has not been available yet. As a result, JFC and art show are paraded along the roads in Jember. Thus, a Cultural Activity Centre of Fashion Carnaval in Jember is necessary to be designed by employing symbolic architecture. To collect the data, the researcher implemented field study and literature study as well as descriptive analysis method. The macro concept of this design entitled iconic under the symbolic theme will make Jember as a Carnival city. Meanwhile, the micro concept of recreational land order is actualized in centered-circulation pattern getting the philosophy of JFC logo. The micro concept of adaptive shape occurs by adapting the shape of JFC symbol as the costume of building, whereas the micro concept of thematic space derives from the philosophy of JFC fashion products which have different themes for every event. The facilities provide show area, convention hall, organizer office, restaurant and inn, training and workshop, art gallery, and souvenir shop. They are designed to facilitate all activities related to JFC. Accordingly, this design is expected to be an area which can support JFC event for youths who want to develop and continue the art works produced by Indonesian people so that this event can last long and improve other subsequent events.Jember is one of the cities in East Java that has been very famous globally. This city is dubbed a carnaval city because it organizes an annual festival, namely Jember Fashion Carnaval (JFC). It is a fashion carnaval that presents the creativity of Indonesian artists. This sort of event has so famed that many foreign visitors come and see it. JFC has become a significant event of entertainment and tourism that makes Jember and even Indonesian people proud. Moreover, this event exhibits cultural and art fashion shows internationally. Unfortunately, a specific place that can accommodate this activity has not been available yet. As a result, JFC and art show are paraded along the roads in Jember. Thus, a Cultural Activity Centre of Fashion Carnaval in Jember is necessary to be designed by employing symbolic architecture. To collect the data, the researcher implemented a field and literature study, and a descriptive analysis method. The macro concept of this design entitled iconic under the symbolic theme will make Jember a Carnival City. Meanwhile, the micro concept of recreational land order is actualized in a centered-circulation pattern, getting the JFC logo’s philosophy. The micro idea of adaptive shape occurs by adapting the shape of the JFC symbol as the costume of the building. In contrast, the micro concept of thematic space derives from the philosophy of JFC fashion products which have different themes for every event. The facilities provide a show area, convention hall, organizer office, restaurant and inn, training and workshop, art gallery, and souvenir shop. They are designed to facilitate all activities related to JFC. Accordingly, this design is expected to be an area that can support the JFC event for youths who want to develop and continue the artworks produced by Indonesian people so that this event can last long and improve other subsequent event

Automated Pneumatic System for Car Brake Pedal Test

In the automotive industry especially in the car production company, after filling the brake fluid oil, the brake fluid should be distributed from the brake fluid oil reservoir tank to all the braking system components. Unfortunately, the oil is not well distributed even an air trapped inside. To prevent the new car brake problem, to replace the human pressing the brake pedal manually, to reduce the manpower effort, and to detect the problem as soon as possible after filling the brake fluid oil this automated pneumatic system for car brake pedal test device is created. This research was done by designing, simulating, create the actual device that is ready to use and implemented in the industry. The result is this system is working well after being successfully implemented. There are several achievements during its operation, especially manpower effort reduction. More safety for the manpower compared to pressing the pedal manually. Safety from electric shock because the system is designed using a full pneumatic system without electricity. Poka-yoke for brake oil leakage, for faster analysis and part replacement, and in the end, it also impacts on the increasing profitability