Household Laundry Detergent as a Possible Cause of Oral Lichenoid Lesions

Oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs) are a diverse group of disorders that may be attributed to an autoimmune etiology, underlying systemic disease, or in association with an identifiable causative agent, such as a medication, food product, or dental material. OLLs commonly present with striae, erythema, and/or ulceration on affected oral mucosa and can be symptomatic. The aim of this report is to describe a case of OLLs that were believed to be attributed to use of household laundry detergent to clean an oral occlusal appliance

Role of the Dental Community in HPV Vaccination Promotion

Introduction. With increasing awareness that human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause oropharyngeal cancer (OPC), dental providers may play an important role in promoting HPV vaccination and preventing cancer. Our goal was to assess knowledge and current HPV vaccine counseling practices among Vermont dentists and dental hygienists to identify potential targets for state-level interventions to increase vaccine coverage. Methods. We developed a survey to assess knowledge, beliefs, practices and barriers regarding HPV vaccination, and distributed it via email to practicing Vermont dentists and dental hygienists. Free responses were analyzed using a coding framework generated from three key informant interviews. Results. 90% of providers believe it is important for them to play an “active role” in their patients’ general medical care, yet only 50% believe it is their responsibility to recommend HPV vaccine. Only 50% feel knowledgeable enough to recommend the vaccine. 78.6% of providers rarely discuss HPV vaccination with their age-appropriate patients, and 82% rarely recommend the vaccine. When asked to name the biggest barrier against recommending vaccination, providers named the following factors most frequently: “not responsibility of dental provider” (27%); lack of confidence in knowledge (19%); time constraints (14%); and parent philosophical/religious opposition (11%). Discussion. Because dentists and dental hygienists care for a broad pediatric population across the state, dental communities may be poised to play an expanded role in Vermont’s efforts to improve its HPV vaccination coverage. Our study identifies several potential areas for provider-focused interventions, which include educating providers about the HPV vaccine and reducing significant barriers against recommending.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1266/thumbnail.jp

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from dental units waterlines can be divided in two distinct groups, including one displaying phenotypes similar to isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa displays broad genetic diversity, giving it an astonishing capacity to adapt to a variety of environments and to infect a wide range of hosts. While many P. aeruginosa isolates of various origins have been analyzed, isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients have received the most attention. Less is known about the genetic and phenotypic diversity of P. aeruginosa isolates that colonize other environments where flourishing biofilms can be found. In the present study, 29 P. aeruginosa isolates from dental unit waterlines and CF patients were collected and their genetic and phenotypes profiles were compared to determine whether environmental and clinical isolates are related. The isolates were first classified using the random amplified polymorphic DNA method. This made it possible to distribute the isolates into one clinical cluster and two environmental clusters. The isolates in the environmental cluster that were genetically closer to the clinical cluster also displayed phenotypes similar to the clinical isolates. The isolates from the second environmental cluster displayed opposite phenotypes, particularly an increased capacity to form biofilms. The isolates in this cluster were also the only ones harboring genes that encoded specific epimerases involved in the synthesis of lipopolysaccharides, which could explain their increased ability to form biofilms. In conclusion, the isolates from the dental unit waterlines could be distributed into two clusters, with some of the environmental isolates resembled the clinical isolates. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cluster, RAPD, elastase, biofilm, Dictyostelium discoideum, cell lysi

Oscillateurs picosecondes de forte puissance moyenne à faibles bruits

Pour des applications médicales ou en histoire de l'art, un système compact de production de rayonnement X monochromatique à haut flux par effet Compton nécessite de disposer d une source laser impulsionnelle de forte puissance moyenne avec des durées de quelques picosecondes. Pour atteindre un haut flux de rayonnement X, le laser devra être injecté dans une cavité Fabry-Perot de haute finesse afin d atteindre les puissances laser moyennes requises. Par conséquent, le laser devra avoir une bonne qualité de mode et de faibles bruits. Afin d atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons étudié la réalisation d oscillateurs à blocage de modes passif délivrant des puissances moyennes de plus de 10 W avec des impulsions d une durée entre 10 et 20 ps. Au cours de ce travail, deux oscillateurs de haute puissance moyenne ont été conçus et réalisés : l un à pompage radial avec Nd:YAG comme milieu de gain et l autre à pompage longitudinal avec comme milieu de gain Nd:YVO4. Le développement du second oscillateur a donné lieu à une étude expérimentale de la réduction de la durée des impulsions qui nous permet d ajuster la durée entre 46 ps et 12 ps en régime de blocage de modes passif. Les résultats expérimentaux ont été expliqués à l aide d une simulation numérique et une solution analytique a été trouvée pour prédire la durée des impulsions. Enfin, une étude des caractéristiques des bruits de l oscillateur Nd:YVO4 a été réalisée. Ces mesures ont permis de mettre en évidence qu un oscillateur de forte puissance moyenne a les capacités pour être aussi peu bruyant que des oscillateurs de faible puissance et à faibles bruits. En résumé nous avons développé un oscillateur puissant (20W), à une longueur d onde de 1064 nm, avec des durées d impulsions courtes (15 ps), une bonne qualité de faisceau (M2<1,2) et de faibles bruits (gigue temporelle <1,2 ps RMS 100Hz-1MHz non asservi). Par conséquent, notre oscillateur puissant est un excellent candidat pour faire partie de la machine compacte de rayonnement X monochromatique et à haut flux.For medical or cultural heritage applications, a compact, monochromatic, Compton x-ray source system needs a powerful, few picosecond laser source. To obtain high-x-ray-flux, the laser should be coupled to a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity to reach the required laser power. Therefore, the laser should have a good beam quality and low noises. In order to reach theses requirements, we have studied passive mode-locking oscillators delivering more than 10 W average power and between 10 and 20 ps pulse duration.Two high-power oscillators have been designed and implemented: a side-pumped Nd:YAG and an end-pumped Nd:YVO4 oscillator. With the second oscillator, we have studied the experimental reduction of pulse duration. We obtained a decrease from 46 ps to 12 ps in the continuous-wave mode-locked regime. Those experimental results have been explained by a numerical simulation and furthermore, we have developed an analytical solution to predict the pulse duration of such oscillator. Finally, we studied the noise characteristics of the Nd:YVO4 oscillator. Our measurements have shown that a high-power oscillator might be as low-noise as other low-power, low-noise oscillators. In conclusion, we have developed a powerful (20W), 1064nm-wavelength, short-pulses (15ps), good-beam-quality (M2<1.2) and low-noise free-running oscillator (timing jitter <1.2 ps RMS 100Hz-1MHz). Therefore, our high-power oscillator is an excellent candidate to be part of a compact, high-flux, monochromatic x-ray source.BORDEAUX1-Bib.electronique (335229901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Eotaxin and FGF enhance signaling through an Extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)-dependent pathway in the pathogenesis of Eosinophilic Esophagitis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is characterized by the inflammation of the esophagus and the infiltration of eosinophils into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as dysphagia and stricture formation. Systemic immune indicators like eotaxin and fibroblast growth factor were evaluated for possible synergistic pathological effects. Moreover, blood cells, local tissue, and plasma from EoE and control subjects were studied to determine if the localized disease was associated with a systemic effect that correlated with presence of EoE disease.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>Real-time polymerase chain reaction from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), immunohistochemistry from local esophageal biopsies, fluid assays on plasma, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting on peripheral blood cells from subjects were used to study the systemic immune indicators in newly diagnosed EoE (n = 35), treated EoE (n = 9), Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (n = 8), ulcerative colitis (n = 5), Crohn's disease (n = 5), and healthy controls (n = 8).</p> <p>Result</p> <p>Of the transcripts tested for possible immune indicators, we found extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Bcl-2, bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor), and eotaxin levels were highly upregulated in PBMC and associated with disease presence of EoE. Increased FGF detected by immunohistochemistry in esophageal tissues and in PBMC was correlated with low levels of pro-apoptotic factors (Fas, Caspase 8) in PBMC from EoE subjects. Plasma-derived bFGF was shown to be the most elevated and most specific in EoE subjects in comparison to healthy controls and disease control subjects.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We describe for the first time a possible mechanism by which increased FGF is associated with inhibiting apoptosis in local esophageal tissues of EoE subjects as compared to controls. Eotaxin and FGF signaling pathways share activation through the ERK pathway; together, they could act to increase eosinophil activation and prolong the half-life of eosinophils in local tissues of the esophagus in EoE subjects.</p

Radiocarbon intercomparison program for Chauvet Cave

We present the first results of an accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon intercomparison program on 3 different charcoal samples collected in one of the hearths of the Megaceros gallery of Chauvet Cave (Ardeche, France). This cave, rich in parietal decoration, is important for the study of the appearance and evolution of prehistoric art because certain drawings have been C-14 dated to the Aurignacian period at the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic. The new dates indicate an age of about 32,000 BP, which is consistent with this attribution and in agreement with the results from the same sector of the cave measured previously at the Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE). Six laboratories were involved in the intercomparison. Samples were measured in 4 AMS facilities: Center for Isotope Research, Groningen University, the Netherlands; the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, UK; the Centre de datation par le carbone 14, Univ. Claude Bernard Lyon 1, France (measured by AMS facilities of Poznan University, Poland); and the LSCE, UMR CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, France (measured by the Leibniz-Labor of Christian-Albrechts-Universitat Kiel, Germany).</p