Unified Model of Linear and Nonlinear Crosstalk in Multi-Core Fiber

(c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.In this paper, the theoretical unification of linear and nonlinear inter-core crosstalk (IC-XT) in step-index single-mode multicore fiber (MCF) media is reported and validated experimentally. In order to estimate the IC-XT when operating in linear and nonlinear regimes, the coupled-mode theory (CMT) and the coupled-power theory (CPT) have been unified in both power regimes. The theoretical analysis of the CMT indicates that in coupled MCFs with reduced core-to-core distance (core pitch) the nonlinear self-coupling and cross-coupling effects should be considered when operating with high optical powers. However, considering a core pitch value higher than three times the core radius only the self-coupling effect should be taken into account for estimating the nonlinear IC-XT. Considering these results, the CPT is also extended to nonlinear regime including the dominant nonlinear coupling effect. Using both CMT and CPT, the statistical model of nonlinear IC-XT is completed with the closed-form expressions for estimating the cumulative distribution function, the probability density function and the crosstalk mean and variance as a function of the power level launched into a single-core of the MCF. The crosstalkmodel presented is additionally extended when multiple cores are simultaneously excited. Finally, the theoretical model is experimentally validated in a homogeneous four-core fiber considering different bending radius configurations.This work was supported by Spain the National Plan Project TEC2015-70858-C2-1-R XCORE and RTC-2014-2232-3 HIDRASENSE. The work of A. Macho was supported by BES-2013-062952 F.P.I. Grant. M. Morant was partly supported by UPV postdoc PAID-10-14 program.Macho-Ortiz, A.; Morant Pérez, M.; Llorente Sáez, R. (2016). Unified Model of Linear and Nonlinear Crosstalk in Multi-Core Fiber. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 34(13):3035-3046. https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2016.2552958S30353046341

Next-Generation Optical Fronthaul Systems Using Multicore Fiber Media

(c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.This paper proposes and investigates the use of multicore fiber (MCF) media performing space-division multiplexed transmission for next-generation optical fronthaul systems. We report the experimental demonstration of combined radio-over-fiber (RoF) transmission of full-standard LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and WiMAX signals providing fronthaul connectivity in 150m of 4-core fiber (4CF), transmitting simultaneously fully independent wireless services. Operating in linear and nonlinear optical power regimes, the experimental evaluation verifies that the error vector magnitude (EVM) is not degraded when intercore and intracore Kerr nonlinearities are excited in MCF with high input power levels. As a result, nonlinear regime is proposed as a key factor to reduce the temporal EVM fluctuation induced by the random nature of the intercore crosstalk in MCF. In addition, MCF fronthaul applied to converged fiber-wireless polarization multiplexed passive optical networks is demonstrated to transmit LTE-A and WiMAX signals over two orthogonal optical polarizations. The polarization-multiplexed signal is transmitted in RoF over 25.2 km of standard single-mode fiber and then demultiplexed and injected in different cores of the 4CF to provide fronthaul connectivity. Finally, the extension of multicore optical fronthaul capacity is proposed using MIMO LTE-A signals. The tolerance of the MIMO LTE-A RoF transmissions to in-band crosstalk is reported and compared to single-input single-output (SISO) configuration. The experimental results indicate that MIMO configuration is more tolerant than SISO to in-band crosstalk considering both internal and external interferences. MIMO and SISO configurations are compared when transmitted in RoF over a 4CF operating in linear and nonlinear regimes and core interleaving nonlinear stimulation is proposed to reduce the temporal and spectral EVM fluctuation when the same wireless standard is propagated in each core.This work was supported in part by Spain the National Plan Project XCORE TEC2015-70858-C2-1-R and RTC-2014-2232-3 HIDRASENSE. The work of A. Macho was supported by BES-2013-062952 F.P.I. Grant. The work of M. Morant was supported in part by UPV postdoc PAID-10-14 program.Macho-Ortiz, A.; Morant Pérez, M.; Llorente Sáez, R. (2016). Next-Generation Optical Fronthaul Systems Using Multicore Fiber Media. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 34(20):4819-4827. https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2016.2573038S48194827342

Polarization Division Multiplexing of OFDM Radio-over-Fiber Signals in Passive Optical Networks

These PDF files is subject to reprint fees[EN] This paper describes the state-of-the-art of polarization multiplexing for optical networks transmission. The use of polarization division multiplexing (PDM) permits to multiply the user capacity and increase the spectral efficiency. Combining PDM and orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) modulation allows maximizing the optical transmission capacity. The experimental demonstration of transmitting OFDM signals following ECMA-368 ultrawide band (UWB) standard in radio-over-fiber using PDM in passive optical networks is herein reported. The impact of cross-polarization and cochannel crosstalk is evaluated experimentally in a three-user OFDM-UWB subcarrier multiplexed (SCM) configuration per polarization. Each SCM uses up to three OFDM-UWB channels of 200 Mbit/s each, achieving an aggregated bitrate of 1.2 Gbit/s with 0.76 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency when using PDM transmission. The experimental results for the polarization-multiplexed SCM indicate that a 4 dB additional polarization crosstalk interference can be expected compared to a nonpolarization-multiplexed transmission system which translates to 2.4 dB EVM penalty in the UWB signals. The successful PDM transmission of SCM multiuser OFDM-UWB over a passive optical network of 25 km standard-single mode fiber (SSMF) reach is demonstrated.This work has been supported by Spain National Plan Project MODAL “Few-mode propagation technology in single mode fibre” (TEC2012-38558-C02-01). UPV Project MUMOX “Optical modal multiplexing for high-performance network interconnection” (PAID-05-12 SP20120821) is also acknowledged. M. Morant’s work is supported by Generalitat Valenciana VALi+D Postdoc Program. J. Perez’s work is supported by Spanish MINECO Juan de la Cierva Fellowship JCI-2012-14805.Morant Pérez, M.; Pérez Soler, J.; Llorente Sáez, R. (2014). Polarization Division Multiplexing of OFDM Radio-over-Fiber Signals in Passive Optical Networks. Advances in Optical Technologies. 2014(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/269524S192014

Calidad de vida en los pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 con monitorización continua de glucosa.

Un adecuado control glucémico, para prevenir la aparición de complicaciones, es el objetivo establecido en todos los pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 (DM1). Clásicamente, este control se ha evaluado mediante las auto-determinaciones de glucemia capilar y la evaluación de la hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c). La reciente introducción de los sistemas de Monitorización Continua de Glucemia (MCG) tanto en tiempo real como el sistema Flash, brinda la posibilidad de sustituir la medición de la glucemia capilar, proporcionando información completa. La ventaja de no tener que realizar glucemias capilares y la información que estos sistemas aportan, hace pensar que la calidad de vida de los pacientes debe mejorar. El objetivo principal del estudio consiste en la medición del impacto en la calidad de vida de la utilización de MCG en pacientes DM1. Secundariamente, se analizó si la MCG implica una mejoría en la HbA1c o si hay diferencias en subgrupos de pacientes previamente establecidos. Se utilizó el cuestionario “Encuesta de satisfacción con el control de glucosa (ESCG)” que fue contestado por un total de 61 pacientes del área sur de la isla de Tenerife, con DM1 y que utilizan MCG. El resultado muestra un alto grado de satisfacción entre los pacientes. Se objetivó una mayor carga emocional en los pacientes que llevaban menos de 14 meses de uso. No se observaron diferencias significativas en la reducción de la HbA1c. En conclusión, el uso de la MCG se relaciona una mejora en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con DM1.Adequate glycemic control, to prevent the appearance of complications, is the established objective in all patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 1 (DM1). Classically, this control has been assessed by self-determination of capillary blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The recent introduction of Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring (CGM) systems, both in real time and the Flash system, offers the possibility of replacing capillary blood glucose measurement, providing complete information. The advantage of not having to perform capillary glycemias and the information provided by these systems suggests that the quality of life of patients should improve. The main objective of the study was to measure the impact on quality of life of the use of CGM in patients with DM1. Secondarily, we analyzed whether CGM implies an improvement in HbA1c or if there are differences in previously established subgroups of patients. The questionnaire "Survey of Satisfaction with Glucose Control (ESCG)" was used and was answered by a total of 61 patients in the southern area of the island of Tenerife, with DM1 and using CGM. The result shows a high degree of satisfaction among patients. A greater emotional burden was observed in patients who had been using CGM for less than 14 months. No significant differences were observed in the reduction of HbA1c. In conclusion, the use of CGM is related to an improvement in the quality of life of patients with DM1

Birefringence effects in multi-core fiber: coupled local-mode theory

© 2016 Optical Society of America. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibitedIn this paper, we evaluate experimentally and model theoretically the intra- and inter-core crosstalk between the polarized core modes in single-mode multi-core fiber media including temporal and longitudinal birefringent effects. Specifically, extensive experimental results on a four-core fiber indicate that the temporal fluctuation of fiber birefringence modifies the intra- and inter-core crosstalk behavior in both linear and nonlinear optical power regimes. To gain theoretical insight into the experimental results, we introduce an accurate multi-core fiber model based on local modes and perturbation theory, which is derived from the Maxwell equations including both longitudinal and temporal birefringent effects. Numerical calculations based on the developed theory are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.This work has been partly funded by Spain National Plan project MINECO/FEDER UE XCORE TEC2015-70858-C2-1-R; HIDRASENSE RTC-2014-2232-3; European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Galician Regional Government under project GRC2015/018. A. Macho and M. Morant work was supported by BES-2013-062952 F.P.I. Grant and postdoc UPV PAID-10-14 program, respectively.Macho-Ortiz, A.; García Meca, C.; Fraile-Peláez, FJ.; Morant Pérez, M.; Llorente Sáez, R. (2016). Birefringence effects in multi-core fiber: coupled local-mode theory. Optics Express. 24(19):21415-21434. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.021415S21415214342419Mizuno, T., Takara, H., Sano, A., & Miyamoto, Y. (2016). Dense Space-Division Multiplexed Transmission Systems Using Multi-Core and Multi-Mode Fiber. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 34(2), 582-592. doi:10.1109/jlt.2015.2482901Morant, M., Macho, A., & Llorente, R. (2016). On the Suitability of Multicore Fiber for LTE–Advanced MIMO Optical Fronthaul Systems. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 34(2), 676-682. doi:10.1109/jlt.2015.2507137Hayashi, T., Sasaki, T., Sasaoka, E., Saitoh, K., & Koshiba, M. (2013). Physical interpretation of intercore crosstalk in multicore fiber: effects of macrobend, structure fluctuation, and microbend. Optics Express, 21(5), 5401. doi:10.1364/oe.21.005401Fini, J. M., Zhu, B., Taunay, T. F., Yan, M. F., & Abedin, K. S. (2012). Statistical Models of Multicore Fiber Crosstalk Including Time Delays. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 30(12), 2003-2010. doi:10.1109/jlt.2012.2188017Luis, R. S., Puttnam, B. J., Cartaxo, A. V. T., Klaus, W., Mendinueta, J. M. D., Awaji, Y., … Sasaki, T. (2016). Time and Modulation Frequency Dependence of Crosstalk in Homogeneous Multi-Core Fibers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 34(2), 441-447. doi:10.1109/jlt.2015.2474128Hayashi, T., Taru, T., Shimakawa, O., Sasaki, T., & Sasaoka, E. (2012). Characterization of Crosstalk in Ultra-Low-Crosstalk Multi-Core Fiber. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 30(4), 583-589. doi:10.1109/jlt.2011.2177810Fini, J. M., Zhu, B., Taunay, T. F., & Yan, M. F. (2010). Statistics of crosstalk in bent multicore fibers. Optics Express, 18(14), 15122. doi:10.1364/oe.18.015122Koshiba, M., Saitoh, K., Takenaga, K., & Matsuo, S. (2011). Multi-core fiber design and analysis: coupled-mode theory and coupled-power theory. Optics Express, 19(26), B102. doi:10.1364/oe.19.00b102Hayashi, T., Taru, T., Shimakawa, O., Sasaki, T., & Sasaoka, E. (2011). Design and fabrication of ultra-low crosstalk and low-loss multi-core fiber. Optics Express, 19(17), 16576. doi:10.1364/oe.19.016576Koshiba, M., Saitoh, K., Takenaga, K., & Matsuo, S. (2012). Analytical Expression of Average Power-Coupling Coefficients for Estimating Intercore Crosstalk in Multicore Fibers. IEEE Photonics Journal, 4(5), 1987-1995. doi:10.1109/jphot.2012.2221085Macho, A., Morant, M., & Llorente, R. (2015). Experimental evaluation of nonlinear crosstalk in multi-core fiber. Optics Express, 23(14), 18712. doi:10.1364/oe.23.018712Macho, A., Morant, M., & Llorente, R. (2016). Unified Model of Linear and Nonlinear Crosstalk in Multi-Core Fiber. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 34(13), 3035-3046. doi:10.1109/jlt.2016.2552958Mecozzi, A., Antonelli, C., & Shtaif, M. (2012). Coupled Manakov equations in multimode fibers with strongly coupled groups of modes. Optics Express, 20(21), 23436. doi:10.1364/oe.20.023436Mecozzi, A., Antonelli, C., & Shtaif, M. (2012). Nonlinear propagation in multi-mode fibers in the strong coupling regime. Optics Express, 20(11), 11673. doi:10.1364/oe.20.011673Mumtaz, S., Essiambre, R.-J., & Agrawal, G. P. (2013). Nonlinear Propagation in Multimode and Multicore Fibers: Generalization of the Manakov Equations. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 31(3), 398-406. doi:10.1109/jlt.2012.2231401Palmieri, L., & Galtarossa, A. (2014). Coupling Effects Among Degenerate Modes in Multimode Optical Fibers. IEEE Photonics Journal, 6(6), 1-8. doi:10.1109/jphot.2014.2343998Antonelli, C., Mecozzi, A., & Shtaif, M. (2015). The delay spread in fibers for SDM transmission: dependence on fiber parameters and perturbations. Optics Express, 23(3), 2196. doi:10.1364/oe.23.002196Marcuse, D. (1975). Coupled-Mode Theory for Anisotropic Optical Waveguides. Bell System Technical Journal, 54(6), 985-995. doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1975.tb02878.xWong, D. (1990). Thermal stability of intrinsic stress birefringence in optical fibers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 8(11), 1757-1761. doi:10.1109/50.60576Gloge, D. (1971). Weakly Guiding Fibers. Applied Optics, 10(10), 2252. doi:10.1364/ao.10.002252Cartaxo, A. V. T., Luis, R. S., Puttnam, B. J., Hayashi, T., Awaji, Y., & Wada, N. (2016). Dispersion Impact on the Crosstalk Amplitude Response of Homogeneous Multi-Core Fibers. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 28(17), 1858-1861. doi:10.1109/lpt.2016.2573925Poole, C. D., & Favin, D. L. (1994). Polarization-mode dispersion measurements based on transmission spectra through a polarizer. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 12(6), 917-929. doi:10.1109/50.296179Karlsson, O., Brentel, J., & Andrekson, P. A. (2000). Long-term measurement of PMD and polarization drift in installed fibers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 18(7), 941-951. doi:10.1109/50.850739Brodsky, M., Frigo, N. J., Boroditsky, M., & Tur, M. (2006). Polarization Mode Dispersion of Installed Fibers. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 24(12), 4584-4599. doi:10.1109/jlt.2006.88578

¿Están listos? una valoración de la preparación tecnológica de los alumnos frente a las nuevas tecnologías

Ante la necesidad de incorporar esta realidad empresarial en la que las tecnologías de IA se están adoptando a un ritmo acelerado, la educación debe de desempeñar un papel vital en la preparación de los estudiantes con habilidades tecnológicas para el desarrollo de sus carreras profesionales. En consecuencia, la aceptación y la preparación de los estudiantes en estas tecnologías emergentes está influida principalmente por la eficacia de los planes de estudio de contabilidad en la preparación de dichas habilidades. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar la predisposición de los estudiantes ante la tecnología. Para ello, partiendo de la evidencia real de la necesidad de integrar en nuestros planes de estudios el impartir los conocimientos relativos a la IA, en este estudio exploratorio nos planteamos mostrar la situación actual por parte del alumnado en relación con la tecnología

Self-growing Colored Petri Net for offshore wind turbines maintenance systems

The offshore wind turbines have been developed in a lot of aspects in the last years, but the big companies are still researching for new techniques that help improve the systems. We propose a new methodology to implement the automatic maintenance system using self-growing colored Petri nets developed in Labview, extendable to other industry systems.Perez Collada, MJ.; Correcher Salvador, A.; García Moreno, E.; Morant Anglada, FJ.; Quiles Cucarella, E. (2011). Self-growing Colored Petri Net for offshore wind turbines maintenance systems. Renewable energy & power quality journal. (9):381-386. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/45123S381386

Large-scale movement patterns in a social vulture are influenced by seasonality, sex, and breeding region

Quantifying space use and segregation, as well as the extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting them, is crucial to increase our knowledge of species-specific movement ecology and to design effective management and conservation measures. This is particularly relevant in the case of species that are highly mobile and dependent on sparse and unpredictable trophic resources, such as vultures. Here, we used the GPS-tagged data of 127 adult Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus captured at five different breeding regions in Spain to describe the movement patterns (home-range size and fidelity, and monthly cumulative distance). We also examined how individual sex, season, and breeding region determined the cumulative distance traveled and the size and overlap between consecutive monthly home-ranges. Overall, Griffon Vultures exhibited very large annual home-range sizes of 5027 ± 2123 km2, mean monthly cumulative distances of 1776 ± 1497 km, and showed a monthly home-range fidelity of 67.8 ± 25.5%. However, individuals from northern breeding regions showed smaller home-ranges and traveled shorter monthly distances than those from southern ones. In all cases, home-ranges were larger in spring and summer than in winter and autumn, which could be related to difference in flying conditions and food requirements associated with reproduction. Moreover, females showed larger home-ranges and less monthly fidelity than males, indicating that the latter tended to use the similar areas throughout the year. Overall, our results indicate that both extrinsic and intrinsic factors modulate the home-range of the Griffon Vulture and that spatial segregation depends on sex and season at the individual level, without relevant differences between breeding regions in individual site fidelity. These results have important implications for conservation, such as identifying key threat factors necessary to improve management actions and policy decisions.his research was funded by Comunidad de Bardenas Reales de Navarra, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and EU/FEDER (PID2020-113808RA-I00, PID2019-109685GB-I00, RTI2018-099609-B-C22, CGL2012-32544, CGL2015-66966-C2-1-2-R, and CGL2015-66966-C2-1-R2); Junta de Andalucía (RNM-1925 and P18-RT-1321); FEDER_2021.1524 and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and ERDF (RTI2018-099609-B-C21, TRASCAR); and Poctefa Interreg Project (EFA 089/15 Ecogyp). Part of this work was funded by Ecotone telemetry (Poland). J.M.P.G. was supported by a Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities postdoctoral contract (IJC-2019-038968). E.A. was supported by the Generalitat Valenciana and the European Social Fund (APOSTD/2021). ACA was supported by two Postdoc Contracts: I + D + I Retos E-41-202_0456599 and EMERGIA Program2021_1073, both from Junta de Andalucía.Peer reviewe

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

On the Suitability of Multicore Fiber for LTE Advanced MIMO Optical Fronthaul Systems

[EN] This paper proposes and evaluates analytically and experimentally the suitability of spatial multiplexing in multicore fiber (MCF) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) LTE Advanced (LTE A) optical fronthaul systems including carrier aggregation. The experimental test-bed comprises a 150-m optical fronthaul of four-core homogeneous MCF, which can be configured with different bending radius for analysis. Performance of linear crosstalk in MCF media is evaluated by simulation and validated by the experimental work in the laboratory with the radio-over-fiber transmission of full-standard LTE A wireless signals considering both SISO and MIMO configurations. The optical fronthaul analysis evaluates both same-propagation and counter-propagation spatial multiplexing, i.e., all cores propagating in the same direction and two versus two cores propagating in opposite directions, corresponding to a dual LTE A roof-mounted system. The performance of the MCF optical fronthaul system is evaluated using a single 20 MHz LTE A carrier and also carrier-aggregated signals with 16QAM and 64QAM subcarrier modulation. The experimental results indicate that intercore crosstalk (IC XT) increases up to 9.6 dB when raising the bending radius from 35 to 67 cm, being the bending radius a key parameter in MCF fronthaul systems. The demonstration performed at 1550.12 nm reported an increase of IC XT of 4.6 dB with the bending radius, which deteriorates the quality of the SISO LTE A signal up to 8.1 dB error vector magnitude (EVM). This IC XT impairment can be mitigated using 2×2 MIMO processing, which reduces the EVM impact to less than 1 dB when increasing the MCF bending radius from 35 to 67 cm. The experimental results indicate that 3GPP MIMO LTE A algorithms already in-place in the wireless LTE A standard can be used to compensate the IC XT i- the 150-m multicore optical fronthaul system with spatial multiplexing.This work was supported in part by Spain the National Plan Projects HIDRASENSE RTC-2014–2232–3 and MODAL TEC2012–38558-C02–01. The work of M. Morant was partly supported by UPV postdoc PAID-10–14 program. The work of A. Macho was also supported by BES-2013–062952 F.P.I. Grant. The research project OESED supported by Programa de Valoracion y Recursos Conjuntos de I ´ +D+I VLC/CAMPUS from Spain Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport is also acknowledgedMorant Pérez, M.; Macho-Ortiz, A.; Llorente, R. (2016). On the Suitability of Multicore Fiber for LTE Advanced MIMO Optical Fronthaul Systems. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 34(2):676-682. doi:10.1109/JLT.2015.2507137S67668234