Adaptación del algoritmo maracas para segmentación de la arteria carótida y cuantificación de estenosis en imágenes tac

En este artículo se describen las adaptaciones hechas al algoritmo MARACAS para segmentar y cuantificar estructuras vasculares en imágenes TAC de la arteria carótida. El algoritmo MARACAS, que está basado en un modelo elástico y en un análisis de los valores y vectores propios de la matriz de inercia, fue inicialmente diseñado para segmentar una sola arteria en imágenes ARM. Las modificaciones están principalmente enfocadas a tratar las especificidades de las imágenes TAC, así como la presencia de bifurcaciones. Los algoritmos implementados en esta nueva versión se clasifican en dos niveles. 1) Los procesamientos de bajo nivel (filtrado de ruido y de artificios direccionales, presegmentación y realce) destinados a mejorar la calidad de la imagen y presegmentarla. Estas técnicas están basadas en información a priori sobre el ruido, los artificios y los intervalos típicos de niveles de gris del lumen, del fondo y de las calcificaciones. 2) Los procesamientos de alto nivel para extraer la línea central de la arteria, segmentar el lumen y cuantificar la estenosis. A este nivel, se aplican conocimientos a priori sobre la forma y anatomía de las estructuras vasculares. El método fue evaluado en 31 imágenes suministradas en el concurso “Carotid Lumen Segmentation and Stenosis Grading Grand Challenge” 2009. Los resultados obtenidos en la segmentación arrojaron un coeficiente de similitud de Dice promedio de 80.4% comparado con la segmentación de referencia, y el error promedio de la cuantificación de estenosis fue 14.4%

Folistatina, resistencia a la insulina y composición corporal en adultos colombianos

Introducción: La folistatina es una proteína capaz de neutralizar varias hormonas de la familia del TGF-?, tales como la activina, las proteínas morfogénicas del hueso y la miostatina. Al inactivar la activina y la folistatina reduce la secreción de FSH. La folistatina se produce además de en el ovario en muchos otros tejidos, por ello se sospecha que tiene otros efectos. En ratones, la deleción genética de la folistatina se acompaña de resistencia a la insulina (RI). Sin embargo, la asociación entre la folistatina plasmática y RI medida directamente no ha sido evaluada en humanos. Métodos: En 81 participantes entre 30 y 69 años (56% mujeres, 54% con sobrepeso, 13% con obesidad), determinamos antropometría, composición corporal, factores de riesgo cardiovascular y múltiples índices de RI: Área incremental bajo la curva de insulina, índice de sensibilidad a la insulina según Gutt, Homeostatic Model Assessment – Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) e insulinemia en ayuno. Un subgrupo de 21 participantes se sometió además a un clamp hiperinsulinémico-euglucémico. La folistatina y la miostatina se midieron en plasma de ayuno, empleando técnicas inmunométricas. Resultados: La concentración promedio de folistatina fue 2.517±830 pg/mL, sin diferencia entre sexos (p=0,55). La folistatina tuvo una tendencia a correlación positiva con el porcentaje de masa magra (r=0,19, p=0,088) y negativa con el porcentaje de grasa corporal (r= -0,19, p=0,097). La folistatina no se correlacionó con índices de RI derivados de la PTOG pero sí con la captación corporal de glucosa en el clamp (r=0,42, p=0,031). No se halló asociación entre las concentraciones de folistatina y miostatina plasmáticas. Conclusión: Los niveles de folistatina mostraron una tendencia hacia una correlación positiva con la masa muscular y negativa con adiposidad corporal. Esto concuerda con el efecto inhibitorio de la folistatina sobre la miostatina. Aunque la folistatina no correlacionó con índices indirectos de RI, sí lo hizo con la determinación directa de sensibilidad a la insulina en el clamp hiperinsulinémico-euglucémico

Rainwater harvesting systems reduce detergent use

Unidad de excelencia María de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552Purpose: Due to population growth, urban water demand is expected to increase significantly, as well as the environmental and economic costs required to supply it. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems can play a key role in helping cities meet part of their water demand as an alternative to conventional water abstraction and treatment. This paper presents an environmental and economic analysis of RWH systems providing households with water for laundry purposes in a life cycle thinking perspective. Conclusions: LCA and LCC present better results for high-density scenarios. Overall, avoided environmental and economic impacts from detergent reduction clearly surpass environmental impacts (in all categories except terrestrial acidification) and economic cost of the RWHsystem in most cases (except two scenarios). Another important finding is that 80%of the savings are achieved by minimizing detergent and fabric softener by using soft rainwater; and the remaining 20% comes from replacing the use of tap water

Financial feasibility of end-user designed rainwater harvesting and greywater reuse systems for high water use households

© 2017, The Author(s). Water availability pressures, competing end-uses and sewers at capacity are all drivers for change in urban water management. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) and greywater reuse (GWR) systems constitute alternatives to reduce drinking water usage and in the case of RWH, reduce roof runoff entering sewers. Despite the increasing popularity of installations in commercial buildings, RWH and GWR technologies at a household scale have proved less popular, across a range of global contexts. For systems designed from the top-down, this is often due to the lack of a favourable cost-benefit (where subsidies are unavailable), though few studies have focused on performing full capital and operational financial assessments, particularly in high water consumption households. Using a bottom-up design approach, based on a questionnaire survey with 35 households in a residential complex in Bucaramanga, Colombia, this article considers the initial financial feasibility of three RWH and GWR system configurations proposed for high water using households (equivalent to >203L per capita per day). A full capital and operational financial assessment was performed at a more detailed level for the most viable design using historic rainfall data. For the selected configuration (‘Alt 2’), the estimated potable water saving was 44% (equivalent to 131m3/year) with a rate of return on investment of 6.5% and an estimated payback period of 23years. As an initial end-user-driven design exercise, these results are promising and constitute a starting point for facilitating such approaches to urban water management at the household scale

Oral health service utilization by elderly beneficiaries of the Mexican Institute of Social Security in México city

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aging population poses a challenge to Mexican health services. The aim of this study is to describe recent oral health services utilization and its association with socio-demographic characteristics and co-morbidity in Mexican Social Security beneficiaries 60 years and older.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A sample of 700 individuals aged 60+ years was randomly chosen from the databases of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). These participants resided in the southwest of Mexico City and made up the final sample of a cohort study for identifying risk factors for root caries in elderly patients. Sociodemographic variables, presence of cognitive decline, depression, morbidity, medication consumption, and utilization of as well as reasons for seeking oral health services within the past 12 months were collected through a questionnaire. Clinical oral assessments were carried out to determine coronal and root caries experience.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The sample consisted of 698 individuals aged 71.6 years on average, of whom 68.3% were women. 374 participants (53.6%) had made use of oral health services within the past 12 months. 81% of those who used oral health services sought private medical care, 12.8% sought social security services, and 6.2% public health services. 99.7% had experienced coronal caries and 44.0% root caries. Female sex (OR = 2.0), 6 years' schooling or less (OR = 1.4), and caries experience in more than 22 teeth (OR = 0.6) are factors associated with the utilization of these services.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>About half the elderly beneficiaries of social security have made use of oral health services within the past 12 months, and many of them have to use private services. Being a woman, having little schooling, and low caries experience are factors associated with the use of these services.</p

Crise de abastecimento de água em São Paulo e falta de planejamento estratégico

Embora a crise no abastecimento de água na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) tenha se manifestado de maneira mais intensa no verão de 2013-2014, ela revela um problema crônico que vem afetando toda a Região nos últimos dez anos. Esse problema foi gerado pela falta de um planejamento estratégico que considere questões climatológicas que podem indicar, com meses de antecedência, problemas de recomposição dos níveis dos mananciais, permitindo que ações sejam empreendidas com razoável antecedência, reduzindo os impactos para a população. Este estudo mostra como é possível utilizar informações climáticas na gestão estratégica do sistema de abastecimento da RMSP.Though the crisis in the water supplying system in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (RMSP) was more intensively felt in the 2013-2014 summer, it reveals a chronic problem that has been affecting the whole RMSP for the past ten years. This problem is originated from the lack of a strategic planning that takes into consideration climate issues that could, months before, foresee problems to restore the levels of water resources, allowing measures to be implemented within a reasonable anticipation, therefore reducing the impacts on the population. This study shows how it is possible to use climate information in the strategic management of the water supply in the RMSP

4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas

Two new Colombian harvestmen of the genus Quindina Roewer, 1914 (Opiliones Nomoclastidae)

Pinzón Morales, Conchita A., Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo (2020): Two new Colombian harvestmen of the genus Quindina Roewer, 1914 (Opiliones Nomoclastidae). Zootaxa 4748 (3): 531-547, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4748.3.

Quindina discolor Pinzón Morales & Pinto-Da-Rocha 2020, sp. nov.

&lt;i&gt;Quindina discolor&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. &lt;p&gt;urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A0BE4958-4035-42AD-9B15-8B41A40B11F5&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(Figs. 3-4)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Etymology.&lt;/b&gt; From the Latin &ldquo; &lt;i&gt;discolor &rdquo;&lt;/i&gt; (=variegated), which refers to the varied coloration of the tegument of the species.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Type material&lt;/b&gt;. Holotype (ICN-AO-1733), adult male preserved in 70% ethanol, penis in a microvial; paratype (ICN-AO-1734), adult female: Colombia, Magdalena Department, municipality of Ci&eacute;naga, San Pedro de la Sierra, Hacienda Hierba Buena (10&deg; 53&rsquo; 42.49&rdquo;N 73&deg; 59&rsquo; 58.59&rdquo;W; 2104 m elevation), 8 May 2016, Carlos Chinchilla P. leg. Paratypes: 1 &male; and 1 &female; (ICN-AO-1727) from same locality as the holotype, March 2017, Leonel Mart&iacute;nez leg.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Diagnosis.&lt;/b&gt; Ocularium and lateral margins of dorsal scutum with yellow tubercles. Posterior region of prosoma with a large white patch. Penis with one pair of MS-D similar in size to MS-A.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Comparisons.&lt;/b&gt; Most similar to &lt;i&gt;Q. bella&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Q. bimaculata&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Q. hermesi&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;sp. nov.&lt;/b&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Q. marginata&lt;/i&gt;, due to the lack of enlarged tubercles on the posterior lateral margins of dorsal scutum, but can be distinguished from them by the combination of the following characters: presence of a white patch on the posterior half of the prosoma, absence of colored tubercles on abdominal areas and free tergites.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Description.&lt;/b&gt; Male holotype (ICN-AO-1733).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Measurements.&lt;/i&gt; CL: 2.0; DSW: 3.3; CW: 2.8; DSL: 4.1; Fe: 3.2, 7.9, 5.9, 8.5; Pa: 0.7, 1.5, 1.2, 1.4; Ti: 2.2, 5.4, 2.7, 4.7; Mt: 4.1, 7.9, 5.3, 9.0.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Color in ethanol.&lt;/i&gt; Background of the dorsal scutum Raw Umber (III 17 &lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;), prosoma with Old Gold (XVI 19&rsquo; &lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;) patches in a reticulated pattern. Abdominal scutum with Old Gold (XVI 19&rsquo; &lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;) patches surrounding areas I-IV, and Brussels Brown (III 15 &lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;) patches between abdominal areas and lateral margins, posteriorly with patches Barium Yellow (XVI 23&rsquo; &lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;). Ocularium and lateral margins of the dorsal scutum tubercles Barium Yellow (XVI 23&rsquo; &lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;). Legs Light Brownish Olive (XXX 19&rsquo;&rsquo; &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;), chelicerae Naples Yellow (XVI 19&rsquo; &lt;i&gt;d&lt;/i&gt;), basal segment of the chelicerae with a reticulated pattern Old Gold (XVI 19&rsquo; &lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;) and pedipalps Pale Veronese Green (XVIII 31&rsquo; &lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;), with some patches Orange Citrine (IV 19 &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Dorsum&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 3A). Dorsal scutum &beta; type, anterior margin with three tubercles each side. Ocularium with threefour tubercles near to the eyes, two-three of them colored pale yellow. Prosoma with eight tubercles, on a white patch anterior to groove I. Lateral margins with one row of 18 yellow tubercles, which are elevated posteriorly (Fig. 3B). Area I divided, with three tubercles each side. Area II with one row of four tubercles. Area III with one pair of sharp and divergent spines. Area IV with one tubercle each side. Free tergites with one row of five (I) or four (II-III) tubercles, in the latter tergites one pair is larger. Anal plate with small, scattered tubercles.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Venter.&lt;/i&gt; Cx I-III with one row of setiferous tubercles increasing in size distally, IV with sparse, small tubercles. &lt;i&gt;Chelicerae.&lt;/i&gt; Segment I with a few small, setiferous tubercles on the bulla; fixed and movable fingers with three teeth each (Fig. 3E).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Pedipalps&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 3 C-D). Tr with four dorsal and two ventral setiferous tubercles. Fe with four dorsal and one row of ventral tubercles, with one subdistal prolateral tubercle. Ti: mesal IiiIi, ectal IiIi; Ta: mesal IiIi, ectal IiIi.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Legs.&lt;/i&gt; At least three times longer than body length; Cx IV with one dorsoapical tubercle and a few scattered small tubercles. Tr I-IV with a few scattered granules. Fe III and IV with ectal and mesal apical tubercles. Tarsal process present. TF: 6(3)/14(3)/7/7.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Penis&lt;/i&gt; (Fig. 4 A-D). Lateral margins of VP slightly constrained basally and subdistally; distal margin concave, with corners projected. Three pairs of spatulate and apically curved MS-C. One pair of MS-A almost as long as MS- C. One pair of cilindrical MS-D curved dorsally. Two pairs of MS-E on the ventral surface of VP. Microsetae type 4 distributed on the midfield of VP, which is expanded proximally up to the corner field, but without joining in the middle of VP. Glans wide and conical, stylus short, slightly wide at apex, with submedian ventral process.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Female paratype (ICN-AO-1734).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Measurements&lt;/i&gt; CL: 2.0; DSW: 3.5; CW: 2.6; DSL: 4.2; Fe: 3.0, 7.5, 5.4, 7.6; Pa: 0.8, 1.4, 1.2, 1.3; Ti: 2.1, 5.1, 3.1, 4.3; Mt: 3.7, 7.2, 4.6, 7.5.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Very similar to the male, but with tubercles on free tergites II and III sharper and larger.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Distribution.&lt;/b&gt; Recorded only at the type locality in the Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta (Magdalena Department), in a fragment of moist forest (Fig. 5).&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Pinzón Morales, Conchita A. &amp; Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo, 2020, Two new Colombian harvestmen of the genus Quindina Roewer, 1914 (Opiliones Nomoclastidae), pp. 531-547 in Zootaxa 4748 (3)&lt;/i&gt; on pages 542-544, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4748.3.7, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3701123"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/3701123&lt;/a&gt

Quindina hermesi Pinzón Morales & Pinto-Da-Rocha 2020, sp. nov.

&lt;i&gt;Quindina hermesi&lt;/i&gt; sp. nov. &lt;p&gt;urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 92EB42C3-DF52-42A2-AE44-A3FD6A2F2738&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(Figs. 1-2)&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Etymology.&lt;/b&gt; The species is named in honor of the Colombian botanist Hermes Cuadros Villalobos for his contribution to the study of the tropical dry forests in the Colombian Caribbean.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Type material.&lt;/b&gt; Holotype (ICN-AO-1729), adult male preserved in 70% ethanol, penis in a microvial: Colombia, Bol&iacute;var Department, Municipality of San Jacinto, Corregimiento Las Flechas (9&deg; 50&rsquo; 59.48&rdquo;N; 75&deg; 10&rsquo; 0.83&rdquo;W; 500 m elevation), March 2015, C. Pinz&oacute;n M. leg. Paratypes: 3 &male; and 7 &female; (ICN-AO-1730; ICN-AO-1731) and 2 &male; and 7 &female; (MZSP 73850), same data as the holotype; 2 &male; and 6 &female; (ICN-AO-1732), same locality, 15 September 2015, C. Pinz&oacute;n M. leg.; 1 &male; and 2 &female; (ICN-AO-1728), Colombia, Atl&aacute;ntico Department, Juan de Acosta, Reserva Campesina La Monta&ntilde;a (10&deg; 46&rsquo; 2.6&rdquo;N; 75&deg; 0.2&rsquo; 34&rdquo;W; 250 m elevation), January 2016, C. Pinz&oacute;n M. leg.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Diagnosis.&lt;/b&gt; Ocularium with all tubercles colored, dorsal scutum area I, II and IV with bright yellow tubercles. Free tergites with one pair of bright yellow tubercles. Lateral margins have tubercles with the same color as dorsal scutum, with a white patch near posterior margin (similar to those of &lt;i&gt;Q. bimaculata&lt;/i&gt;). Anterior margin tubercles white. Male: distal metatarsus I swollen. Penis with three pairs of MS-E directed ventrally.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Comparisons.&lt;/b&gt; It is most similar to &lt;i&gt;Q. bella&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Q. bimaculata&lt;/i&gt; Roewer, 1932, &lt;i&gt;Q. discolor&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;sp.nov.&lt;/b&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Q. marginata&lt;/i&gt;, due to the lack of enlarged tubercles on the posterior lateral margins of dorsal scutum. It differs from &lt;i&gt;Q. bimaculata&lt;/i&gt; in having white tubercles on the ocularium, on abdominal areas I, II and IV, and on free tergites II and III; from &lt;i&gt;Q. bella&lt;/i&gt; by the absence of a cluster of six white tubercles on the posterior lateral margin of the dorsal scutum; from &lt;i&gt;Q. marginata&lt;/i&gt; by the absence of a white stripe on the posterior margin of the dorsal scutum; and from &lt;i&gt;Q. discolor&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;sp.nov.&lt;/b&gt; in having white tubercles on all abdominal areas and by the absence of a white patch on the posterior half of the prosoma.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;Glysterus metatarsalis&lt;/i&gt; 2101011111030?00100000000003001112211111120300030210012100000000040025230111?0000000000000000&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt; &lt;i&gt;......Continued next page&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Published as part of &lt;i&gt;Pinzón Morales, Conchita A. &amp; Pinto-Da-Rocha, Ricardo, 2020, Two new Colombian harvestmen of the genus Quindina Roewer, 1914 (Opiliones Nomoclastidae), pp. 531-547 in Zootaxa 4748 (3)&lt;/i&gt; on pages 537-538, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4748.3.7, &lt;a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3701123"&gt;http://zenodo.org/record/3701123&lt;/a&gt