Aminostratigraphy and Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy of Marine Terrace Deposits Palos Verdes Hills and San Pedro Areas Los Angeles County California

Amino acid and oxygen isotope data for fossils from terraces of the Palos Verdes Hills and San Pedro areas in Los Angeles County California shed new light on the ages of terraces sea level history marine paleotemperatures and late Quaternary tectonics in this region Low terraces on the Palos Verdes peninsula correlate with the 80 ka and 125 ka sea level highstands that are also recorded as terraces on other coasts In San Pedro the Palos Verdes sand the deposit on what is mapped as the first terrace by Woodring and others 1946 was previously thought to be a single deposit amino acid oxygen isotope V series and faunal data indicate that deposits of two ages representing the 80 ka and l25 ka high stands occur within this unit Oxygen isotope data show that on open exposed parts of the Palos Verdes peninsula ocean waters during the l25 ka highstand were cooler than present by about 2 3 2 60C similar to what has been reported for other exposed coastal areas in California In contrast in the protected embayment environment around San Pedro water temperatures during the 125 ka highstand were as warm or warmerthan present During the 80 ka highstand water temperatures were significantly cooler than present even in the relatively protected embayment environment of the San Pedro area Late Quaternary tectonic uplift rates can be calculated from terrace ages and elevations Correlation of the lowest terraces around the Point Fermin area shows that the Cabrillo fault has a late Quaternary vertical movement rate of 0 20 m ka based on the difference in uplift rates on the upthrown and downthrown sides of the fault Elsewhere in the Palos Verdes Hills San Pedro area late Quaternary uplift rates vary from 0 32 m ka to possibly as high as 0 72 m ka These rates which reflect vertical movement on the Palos Verdes fault are in broad agreement with estimated Holocene vertical rates of movement determined for offshore portions of the faul

Probing theories of gravity with phase space-inferred potentials of galaxy clusters

Modified theories of gravity provide us with a unique opportunity to generate innovative tests of gravity. In Chameleon f(R) gravity, the gravitational potential differs from the weak-field limit of general relativity (GR) in a mass dependent way. We develop a probe of gravity which compares high mass clusters, where Chameleon effects are weak, to low mass clusters, where the effects can be strong. We utilize the escape velocity edges in the radius/velocity phase space to infer the gravitational potential profiles on scales of 0.3–1 virial radii. We show that the escape edges of low mass clusters are enhanced compared to GR, where the magnitude of the difference depends on the background field value |fR0¯¯¯¯¯|. We validate our probe using N-body simulations and simulated light cone galaxy data. For a Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Bright Galaxy Sample, including observational systematics, projection effects, and cosmic variance, our test can differentiate between GR and Chameleon f(R) gravity models, |fR0¯¯¯¯¯|=4×10−6 (2×10−6) at >5σ (>2σ), more than an order of magnitude better than current cluster-scale constraints

Intact Polar brGDGTs in Arctic Lake Catchments: Implications for Lipid Sources and Paleoclimate Applications

Paleotemperature histories derived from lake sediment archives provide valuable context for modern and future climate changes. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT) lipids are a valuable tool in such pursuits due to their empirical correlation with temperature and near ubiquity in nature. However, the relative contributions of terrestrial and lacustrine sources of brGDGTs to lake sediments is site-dependent and difficult to constrain. Here, we explored the potential for intact brGDGTs—the complete lipids with polar head groups (HGs) still attached—to provide insight into the sources of brGDGTs on the landscape and their contributions to the sedimentary record in a set of Arctic lakes. We measured core and intact brGDGTs in soils, surface and downcore sediments, water filtrates, and sediment traps across five lake catchments in the Eastern Canadian Arctic, with an emphasis on Lake Qaupat (QPT), Baffin Island. Soils were dominated by brGDGTs with a monoglycosyl (1G) HG, while lacustrine samples contained more phosphohexose (PH) brGDGTs, providing evidence for in situ brGDGT production in both settings. Core- and PH-brGDGT-IIIa were more abundant in sediments than in the soils or water column, implying an additional post-depositional source of brGDGTs. A hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that core brGDGTs in Lake QPT sediments were largely lacustrine in origin, while 1G-brGDGTs were primarily soil-derived. Additionally, we found evidence for preservation of intact brGDGTs—especially 1G-brGDGTs—downcore on thousand-year timespans, though in situ production deeper in the sediment column cannot be ruled out. Finally, we explored the possibility of reconstructing 1G-brGDGT-derived soil temperatures and core-brGDGT-derived lake temperatures in tandem from sedimentary archives

Near-universal trends in brGDGT lipid distributions in nature

Bacterial brGDGT lipids are a prevalent tool in studies of terrestrial paleoclimate. Their distributions correlate empirically with environmental temperature and pH, and their ubiquity in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine environments gives them wide applicability. Whether correlations with temperature and pH emerge due to a physiological response of source organisms and/or a shift in bacterial community composition remains an open question with important implications for proxy development and application. We applied a newly described technique for grouping brGDGTs to a globally compiled dataset (n = 3129) consisting of all modern sample media known to host brGDGTs. We found strong resemblances in the relationships between brGDGT fractional abundances and both temperature and pH across nearly all sample types examined. We also found near-universal connections between the brGDGTs themselves. Given the markedly different bacterial communities expected to inhabit these settings, these widespread relationships may suggest physiological and/or biochemical bases for observed brGDGT distributions. &nbsp;</p

Distribution of antiretroviral treatment through self-forming groups of patients in Tete province, Mozambique

BACKGROUN

Deformability limits of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells

Splenic filtration of infected red blood cells (RBCs) may contribute to innate immunity and variable outcomes of malaria infections. We show that filterability of individual RBCs is well predicted by the minimum cylindrical diameter (MCD) which is calculated from a RBC's surface area and volume. The MCD describes the smallest diameter tube or smallest pore that a cell may fit through without increasing its surface area. A microfluidic device was developed to measure the MCD from thousands of individual infected RBCs (IRBCs) and uninfected RBCs (URBCs). Average MCD changes during the blood-stage cycle of Plasmodium falciparum were tracked for the cytoadherent strain ITG and the knobless strain Dd2. The MCD values for IRBCs and URBCs raise several new intriguing insights into how the spleen may remove IRBCs: some early-stage ring-IRBCs, and not just late-stage schizont-IRBCs, may be highly susceptible to filtration. In addition, knobby parasites may limit surface area expansions and thus confer high MCDs on IRBCs. Finally, URBCs, in culture with IRBCs, show higher surface area loss which makes them more susceptible to filtration than naive URBCs. These findings raise important basic questions about the variable pathology of malaria infections and metabolic process that affect volume and surface area of IRBCs

Leave or Remain? European identification, legitimacy of European integration, and political attitudes towards the EU

In this paper, we look at the relationship between European identification and political support for (or opposition to) EU membership. First, we argue that conceptualizing political attitudes towards the EU as a direct product of European identification (a) neglects the distinction between the social reality of Europe and the political reality of the EU and (b) leads to psychological reductionism. We propose that the relationship should instead be conceptualized as mediated by legitimacy perceptions and as moderated by social‐level variables. Second, we look at three spheres of European integration and propose that their perceived legitimacy is appraised through the following principles: (a) normative solidarity for wealth sharing, (b) political authority for sharing political decisions, and (c) collective self‐realization for the sharing of practices. We illustrate the key mediating role of those principles by drawing on data from a survey ran across five European countries. Third, we argue that these meditational relationships are in turn moderated by social, political, and ideological realities and illustrate this point by looking at the case of United Kingdom in the context of the EU membership referendum. We point to an ideological assumption in the U.K. political landscape about the illegitimacy of EU supranational decision making and argue that this contributed to shape both the debate of the referendum campaign and its result.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio