88 research outputs found
Whey proteins promote post prandial positive nitrogen balance in a muscle wasting situation but probably for a too short period of time to translate into muscle sparing
Background and aims: Muscle wasting occurred by an imbalance of muscle protein metabolism. Most of catabolic states are characterized by both an insulin and amino acid resistance which result into a food intake inefficiency to promote positive nitrogen balance during the post prandial period. So far, fast digested proteins (i.e whey) have been shown to be more efficient than casein to promote a stimulation of muscle protein synthesis (PS) in such situations; however, muscle mass is rarely improved. Our hypothesis is that this stimulation occurs only for a short period of time in the fed state, which remains insufficient to induce a significant increase in muscle mass. To address this point, a PS and proteolysis (PRO) kinetic study at the muscle level is required.Methods: Adult mini pigs were catheterized into both the femoral artery and vein and infused with 13C Phe to assess continuously) muscle PS and PRO in the hindlimb by the substrate and tracer arterio-venous difference method (every 30min before (PA) and after food intake). The catabolic state was induced by glucocorticoid treatment (8d); both casein and whey effects on PS and PRO were tested over time for 6.5 h.Results: After glucocorticoids, animals were in negative nitrogen balance at PA and casein intake had no effect on both PS and PRO and animals remained in negative nitrogen balance during the whole postprandial period. With whey, treated animals are able to generate a positive nitrogen balance for 120min after food intake (PS:+40% and PRO:-20%) which decreased thereafter along the postprandial period. Glucocorticoids were associated with insulin resistance (postprandial period: increased insulin/glycaemia). When fed whey, animals still presented hyperinsulinemia but normalized postprandial glycaemia.Conclusions. Whey are more efficient to generate positive muscle nitrogen balance in catabolic states but it remained only for a short period of time which may limit their efficiency on muscle wasting. Nutritional strategies have to be studied to optimize the duration of whey efficiency in the catabolic states. By contrast, whey are interesting to control post prandial hyperglycaemia in muscle protein wasting situations
A dietary supplementation with leucine and antioxidants is capable to accelerate muscle mass recovery after immobilization in adult rats
Prolonged inactivity induces muscle loss due to an activation of proteolysis and decreased protein synthesis; the latter is also involved in the recovery of muscle mass. The aim of the present work was to explore the evolution of muscle mass and protein metabolism during immobilization and recovery and assess the effect of a nutritional strategy for counteracting muscle loss and facilitating recovery. Adult rats (6-8 months) were subjected to unilateral hindlimb casting for 8 days (10-18) and then permitted to recover for 10 to 40 days (R10-R40). They were fed a Control or Experimental diet supplemented with antioxidants/polyphenols (AOX) (10 to 18), AOX and leucine (AOX + LEU) (18 to R15) and LEU alone (R15 to R40). Muscle mass, absolute protein synthesis rate and proteasome activities were measured in gastrocnemius muscle in casted and non-casted legs in post prandial (PP) and post absorptive (PA) states at each time point. Immobilized gastrocnemius protein content was similarly reduced (-37%) in both diets compared to the non-casted leg. Muscle mass recovery was accelerated by the AOX and LEU supplementation (+6% AOX+LEU vs. Control, P<0.05 at R40) due to a higher protein synthesis both in PA and PP states (+23% and 31% respectively, Experimental vs. Control diets, P<0.05, R40) without difference in trypsin-and chymotrypsin-like activities between diets. Thus, this nutritional supplementation accelerated the recovery of muscle mass via a stimulation of protein synthesis throughout the entire day (in the PP and PA states) and could be a promising strategy to be tested during recovery from bed rest in humans
En situation de catabolisme musculaire, les protĂ©ines de lactosĂ©rum permettent bien de restaurer un anabolisme musculaire post prandial mais dâune durĂ©e trĂšs transitoire probablement insuffisante pour limiter la fonte musculaire
En situation de catabolisme musculaire, les protĂ©ines de lactosĂ©rum permettent bien de restaurer un anabolisme musculaire post prandial mais dâune durĂ©e trĂšs transitoire probablement insuffisante pour limiter la fonte musculair
Nutrimetabolomics: An Integrative Action for Metabolomic Analyses in Human Nutritional Studies
The life sciences are currently being transformed by an unprecedented wave of developments in molecular analysis, which include important advances in instrumental analysis as well as biocomputing. In light of the central role played by metabolism in nutrition, metabolomics is rapidly being established as a key analytical tool in human nutritional studies. Consequently, an increasing number of nutritionists integrate metabolomics into their study designs. Within this dynamic landscape, the potential of nutritional metabolomics (nutrimetabolomics) to be translated into a science, which can impact on health policies, still needs to be realized. A key element to reach this goal is the ability of the research community to join, to collectively make the best use of the potential offered by nutritional metabolomics. This article, therefore, provides a methodological description of nutritional metabolomics that reflects on the stateâofâtheâart techniques used in the laboratories of the Food Biomarker Alliance (funded by the European Joint Programming Initiative "A Healthy Diet for a Healthy Life" (JPI HDHL)) as well as points of reflections to harmonize this field. It is not intended to be exhaustive but rather to present a pragmatic guidance on metabolomic methodologies, providing readers with useful "tips and tricks" along the analytical workflow
Functional genome reorganization and reprogramming in early mouse embryos
International audienc
En situation de catabolisme musculaire, les protéines de lactosérum ne permettent de contrecarrer, que transitoirement, la résistance anabolique
Lâatrophie musculaire est la consĂ©quence dâun dĂ©sĂ©quilibre du mĂ©tabolisme des protĂ©ines musculaires. La plupart des Ă©tats cataboliques sont caractĂ©risĂ©s par une rĂ©sistance du mĂ©tabolisme protĂ©ique Ă l'insuline et aux acides aminĂ©s. Il en rĂ©sulte une inefficacitĂ© de la prise alimentaire pour gĂ©nĂ©rer une balance azotĂ©e positive pendant la pĂ©riode post-prandiale. Dans de telles situations, les protĂ©ines Ă digestion rapide et riches en leucine (i.e LactosĂ©rum (LAC)) ont Ă©tĂ© montrĂ©es pour ĂȘtre plus efficaces que la casĂ©ine pour optimiser la stimulation de la protĂ©osynthĂšse musculaire (PS). Cependant et paradoxalement, la masse musculaire est rarement prĂ©servĂ©e par des supplĂ©mentations en LAC. Notre hypothĂšse est que cette stimulation ne se produit que pendant une courte pĂ©riode de temps Ă l'Ă©tat nourri mais qui reste insuffisante pour se traduire par une augmentation significative de la masse musculaire au long terme. Pour valider et vĂ©rifier cette hypothĂšse, une mesure cinĂ©tique de la PS et de la protĂ©olyse (PRO) au niveau musculaire est nĂ©cessaire pendant toute la pĂ©riode post prandiale.
MatĂ©riels et MĂ©thodes. Miniporcs ont Ă©tĂ© cathĂ©tĂ©risĂ©s Ă la fois dans l'artĂšre et la veine fĂ©morales et infusĂ©s avec de la 13C Phe afin d'Ă©valuer, toutes les 30 min, la PS et PRO musculaires dans la patte arriĂšre par la mĂ©thode de diffĂ©rence artĂ©rio-veineuse en acides aminĂ©s et en traceur. Les animaux sont Ă©tudiĂ©s avant et aprĂšs la prise du repas. L'Ă©tat catabolique a Ă©tĂ© induit par un traitement aux glucocorticoĂŻdes (dĂ©xamethasone (DEX) pendant 8j) et lâeffet de 2 protĂ©ines, la casĂ©ine (CAS) et le LAC a Ă©tĂ© testĂ© sur la PS et la PRO pendant 6,5h. Les diffĂ©rences entre groupes ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©es par ANOVA en mesures rĂ©pĂ©tĂ©es Ă 3 facteurs (type de protĂ©ines, traitement DEX , temps post prandial) et le seuil de signification Ă P<0.05.
RĂ©sultats. AprĂšs DEX, les animaux sont, au niveau musculaire, en bilan azotĂ© nĂ©gatif en PA (contrĂŽles vs DEX) et lâapport en protĂ©ines sous forme de CAS ne permets pas de passer en bilan azotĂ© positif (CAS vs CAS DEX; la PRO restant supĂ©rieure Ă la PS). Avec le rĂ©gime LAC, les animaux traitĂ©s sont en mesure de gĂ©nĂ©rer une balance azotĂ©e musculaire positive pendant les 120 premiĂšres min (PS:+40% et PRO: -20% ; P<0.05)) mais qui disparait par la suite jusquâĂ la fin de la pĂ©riode post-prandiale. Les glucocorticoĂŻdes sont associĂ©s Ă une rĂ©sistance Ă l'insuline (augmentation de l'insuline/glycĂ©mie sous CAS). Nourris avec du LAC, les animaux prĂ©sentent toujours une hyperinsulinĂ©mie (LAC vs LAC DEX) mais la glycĂ©mie postprandiale est normalisĂ©e.
Conclusions. Le LAC a bien Ă©tĂ© plus efficace pour gĂ©nĂ©rer un bilan azotĂ© musculaire positif dans cet Ă©tat catabolique mais celui-ci a Ă©tĂ© de courte durĂ©e ce qui conforte notre hypothĂšse sur son efficacitĂ© sur la perte de masse musculaire. Les stratĂ©gies nutritionnelles doivent donc ĂȘtre optimisĂ©es pour augmenter la durĂ©e de l'efficacitĂ© du LAC dans les Ă©tats cataboliques. En revanche, le LAC en soit est intĂ©ressant pour contrĂŽler l'hyperglycĂ©mie prandiale dans les situations cataboliques oĂč une rĂ©sistance Ă lâinsuline du mĂ©tabolisme du glucose est souvent associĂ©e
Cumulative 3-nitrotyrosine in specific muscle proteins is associated with muscle loss during aging
International audienc
A leucine supplementation after an immobilization-induced atrophy in old rats enhanced protein anabolism but failed in muscle mass recovery
By contrast to adult, we have shown (Magne et al. 2011) that immobilization during ageing generated muscle atrophy which is not recovered. This is not due to a sustained muscle proteolysis since it was rapidly normalized. This study was undertaken to assess if an alteration of muscle protein synthesis during the immobilization and the recovery periods was involved and if a leucine supplementation may improve muscle mass following immobilization. 23-month-old rats were immobilized for 8 days (I8) and allowed to recover during 40 days. Half of the rats received a control diet whereas the other half were fed the same diet supplemented with 4.5% leucine after cast removal. Muscle proteasome-dependent proteolytic activities, FOXO3a-phosphorylation were assessed in gastrocnemius. Protein synthesis and protein S6 phosphorylation were measured at both the postabsorptive (PA) and post prandial (PP) states At I8, immobilized-muscles were atrophied by 21% that was explained by an increased proteasome activities (+20 to +80%) but also by a large decreased in protein synthesis at PP (-30%). During recovery, proteolysis and protein synthesis were normalized. With the leucine-diet, proteolysis was normalized earlier and protein synthesis was 30% higher in PP than in controls. These observations were correlated with an increased phospho-FOXO3a/FOXO3a ratio (+80%) and a sustained increase of phospho-S6 amount (+30%) However, despite this improvement of muscle anabolism, leucine failed to improve muscle mass recovery. After immobilization, leucine supplementation, despite its beneficial effect on muscle protein anabolism failed in muscle mass recovery. This discrepancy needs to be further studied
Dietary supplementation with cysteine prevents adverse metabolic outcomes of repeated cures with paracetamol in old rats.
Cysteine (Cys), a conditionally indispensable amino acid, is required for the detoxification of paracetamol (acetaminophen, N-acetyl-para-aminophenol, 4-hydroxy-acetanilide, APAP), a drug of widespread use in older persons. We recently reported that repeated APAP cures could worsen sarcopenia in old rats, likely to be due to the impairment of Cys/GSH homoeostasis. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether a dietary Cys supplementation during APAP cures could improve Cys/GSH homoeostasis and thus preserve skeletal muscle. Male 21·5-month-old Wistar rats received three 2-week-long cures of APAP (1 % of diet) alone or with extra Cys (0·5 % of diet), intercalated with washout periods of 2 weeks (APAP and APAP-Cys groups, respectively). They were compared with untreated control rats (CT group). CT and APAP-Cys groups were pair-fed to the APAP group. Dietary Cys supplementation was efficient to prevent increase in liver mass (P<0·0001), decrease in liver GSH (P<0·0001), increase in blood GSH concentration (P<0·0001), and to some extent, decrease in plasma free Cys concentration (P<0·05), all induced by repeated APAP cures. The addition of Cys to APAP cures decreased plasma alanine transaminase (P<0·05), the fractional synthesis rate of liver proteins (P<0·01), and increased masses of extensor digitorum longus (P<0·01), and soleus (P<0·05), compared with the APAP group. Cys supplementation prevented alteration in Cys/GSH homoeostasis and increased some muscle masses in old rats under repeated cures with a non-toxic dose of APAP
Une supplémentation en cystéine permet de prévenir la perte de masse musculaire induite par des cures répétées de paracétamol chez le rat ùgé
International audienceIntroduction et but de lâĂ©tude Le vieillissement est caractĂ©risĂ©, entre autre, par une fonte musculaire pouvant conduire au syndrome de fragilitĂ© et sâaccompagne Ă©galement dâune augmentation de la prise de mĂ©dicaments, reconnue comme un facteur de fragilitĂ©. En effet, le paracĂ©tamol (P) est frĂ©quemment prescrit de façon rĂ©pĂ©titive chez les personnes ĂągĂ©es. La dĂ©toxification hĂ©patique du P sâeffectue par conjugaison au glucuronide, sulfate ou glutathion (GSH) donc par une utilisation irrĂ©versible de cystĂ©ine (Cys). En effet, la Cys Ă©tant le prĂ©curseur du sulfate et du GSH, la dĂ©toxification du P pourrait rĂ©duire sa biodisponibilitĂ© pour la synthĂšse des protĂ©ines et du GSH, conduisant Ă la perte de masse musculaire. Nos travaux prĂ©cĂ©dents ont en effet montrĂ© une perte de masse musculaire induite par le P associĂ©e Ă une baisse du GSH tissulaire et plasmatique. Le but de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait dâĂ©tudier la capacitĂ© dâune supplĂ©mentation en Cys Ă prĂ©venir les effets dĂ©lĂ©tĂšres du P chez lâĂągĂ©. MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes Trente-six rats mĂąles Wistar ĂągĂ©s de 22 mois ont reçu 3 cures de P de 2 semaines espacĂ©es de 2 semaines sans P (lot TP). Le P a Ă©tĂ© ajoutĂ© Ă hauteur de 1 % dans un rĂ©gime Ă 16 % de protĂ©ines, cette dose est Ă©quivalente aux 4 g/j autorisĂ©s chez lâhomme. Le lot TP-Cys (n = 36) a suivi le mĂȘme protocole sauf que le rĂ©gime supplĂ©mentĂ© en P a aussi Ă©tĂ© supplĂ©mentĂ© avec 0,5 % de Cys. Cette supplĂ©mentation en Cys permet de couvrir le besoin gĂ©nĂ©rĂ© par la dĂ©toxification du P que nous avons estimĂ© dans notre Ă©tude prĂ©cĂ©dente (1). Un lot tĂ©moin (PF, n = 35) a reçu le rĂ©gime Ă 16 % de protĂ©ines sans P durant tout le protocole. Comme le P peut induire une rĂ©duction de la prise alimentaire, les lots TP-Cys et PF ont Ă©tĂ© placĂ©s en pair feeding du lot TP. Les rĂ©gimes Ă©taient isoazotĂ©s du rĂ©gime contenant de la Cys par supplĂ©mentation en alanine. Les rĂ©sultats ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s par ANOVA suivie du test PLSD de Fisher. RĂ©sultats et Analyse statistique Le P a gĂ©nĂ©rĂ© une perte de 12 % du poids de lâExtensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) et de 11 % du Soleus, sans modification des autres muscles Ă©tudiĂ©s, mais une augmentation du poids du foie de 13 %. La synthĂšse protĂ©ique hĂ©patique (ASR) a eu tendance Ă augmenter de 18 % avec le P et le GSH hĂ©patique a Ă©tĂ© diminuĂ© de 14 %. La concentration plasmatique en Cys+cystine a Ă©tĂ© diminuĂ©e de 10 % avec le P et le GSH sanguin augmentĂ© de 67 %. La supplĂ©mentation en Cys a permis de prĂ©venir tout ou partie des effets induits par le P (Tableau) et notamment la fonte musculaire. En effet, les paramĂštres du lot TP-Cys nâont pas Ă©tĂ© significativement diffĂ©rents de ceux du PF sauf pour le GSH sanguin qui reste plus Ă©levĂ© de 8 % et le GSH hĂ©patique qui est mĂȘme augmentĂ© de 13 % au-delĂ du PF. Conclusion Lâensemble de ces rĂ©sultats montre quâune supplĂ©mentation en Cys Ă hauteur de la perte gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©e par la dĂ©toxification du P permet de prĂ©venir la perte de masse musculaire ainsi que la baisse du GSH hĂ©patique et de la Cys+cystine circulantes chez le rat ĂągĂ©. Lâensemble de ces observations doit encore ĂȘtre validĂ© au cours de traitements rĂ©currents chez lâhomme
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