Linear spin-2 fields in most general backgrounds

We derive the full perturbative equations of motion for the most general background solutions in ghost-free bimetric theory in its metric formulation. Clever field redefinitions at the level of fluctuations enable us to circumvent the problem of varying a square-root matrix appearing in the theory. This greatly simplifies the expressions for the linear variation of the bimetric interaction terms. We show that these field redefinitions exist and are uniquely invertible if and only if the variation of the square-root matrix itself has a unique solution, which is a requirement for the linearised theory to be well-defined. As an application of our results we examine the constraint structure of ghost-free bimetric theory at the level of linear equations of motion for the first time. We identify a scalar combination of equations which is responsible for the absence of the Boulware-Deser ghost mode in the theory. The bimetric scalar constraint is in general not manifestly covariant in its nature. However, in the massive gravity limit the constraint assumes a covariant form when one of the interaction parameters is set to zero. For that case our analysis provides an alternative and almost trivial proof of the absence of the Boulware-Deser ghost. Our findings generalise previous results in the metric formulation of massive gravity and also agree with studies of its vielbein version.Comment: Latex, 20 pages. Matches published versio

Guide to Geographical Indications: Linking Products and Their Origins (Summary)

Geographical Indications present significant opportunities for differentiating products or services that are uniquely related to their geographic origin. While they can offer many positive economic, social, cultural, and even environmental benefits, they can also be problematic and therefore caution is warranted when pursuing them. The publication distills the relevant lessons that could apply, particularly to developing countries, from a review of more than 200 documents and a number of original Case Studies. It presents a groundwork to better understand the costs and the benefits of undertaking Geographical Indications by outlining the basic processes, covering the pros and cons of different legal instruments, and offering insights into the important factors of success. It reviews and presents current data on the key issues of global GIs such as: economic results, public and private benefits; and market relevance.Geographical Indications, developing country, marketing, local, traditional, culture, appellation, legal protection, Denomination of Origin

Introgressive Hybridization and the Evolution of Lake-Adapted Catostomid Fishes.

Hybridization has been identified as a significant factor in the evolution of plants as groups of interbreeding species retain their phenotypic integrity despite gene exchange among forms. Recent studies have identified similar interactions in animals; however, the role of hybridization in the evolution of animals has been contested. Here we examine patterns of gene flow among four species of catostomid fishes from the Klamath and Rogue rivers using molecular and morphological traits. Catostomus rimiculus from the Rogue and Klamath basins represent a monophyletic group for nuclear and morphological traits; however, the Klamath form shares mtDNA lineages with other Klamath Basin species (C. snyderi, Chasmistes brevirostris, Deltistes luxatus). Within other Klamath Basin taxa, D. luxatus was largely fixed for alternate nuclear alleles relative to C. rimiculus, while Ch. brevirostris and C. snyderi exhibited a mixture of these alleles. Deltistes luxatus was the only Klamath Basin species that exhibited consistent covariation of nuclear and mitochondrial traits and was the primary source of mismatched mtDNA in Ch. brevirostris and C. snyderi, suggesting asymmetrical introgression into the latter species. In Upper Klamath Lake, D. luxatus spawning was more likely to overlap spatially and temporally with C. snyderi and Ch. brevirostris than either of those two with each other. The latter two species could not be distinguished with any molecular markers but were morphologically diagnosable in Upper Klamath Lake, where they were largely spatially and temporally segregated during spawning. We examine parallel evolution and syngameon hypotheses and conclude that observed patterns are most easily explained by introgressive hybridization among Klamath Basin catostomids

Design for sustainable cultural landscapes - A whole-systems framework

This article explores how Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) could be used as a guidance framework for the capacity development of those engaged in the process of identifying, protecting, conserving, presenting and transmitting cultural landscapes. It draws insights from the Ecovillage Design Education (EDE) curriculum intended to serve the purpose of educating for the transition to a comprehensive sustainable culture; and incorporates learning objectives from the Education for Sustainable Development Goals report by UNESCO. The framework follows the pattern of the EDE curriculum organised in four dimensions of sustainability and the three dimensions of learning - cognitive, socio-emotional and behavioural. Each of these four dimensions, in turn, contains five modules- thus twenty subject areas in total, all of which need to be considered by sustainable cultural landscape educational programmes. The paper concludes that in order to create a whole-systems guidance framework addressing cultural landscape complexities, a wide variety of viewpoints needs to be considered including community, nature rights and traditional ways of knowing and other panicipatory epistemologies.</p

Methods and a research agenda for the evaluation of event sequence visualization techniques

The present paper asks how can visualization help data scientists make sense of event sequences, and makes three main contributions. The first is a research agenda, which we divide into methods for presentation, interaction & computation, and scale-up. Second, we introduce the concept of Event Maps to help with scale-up, and illustrate coarse-, medium- and fine-grained Event Maps with electronic health record (EHR) data for prostate cancer. Third, in an experiment we investigated participants’ ability to judge the similarity of event sequences. Contrary to previous research into categorical data, color and shape were better than position for encoding event type. However, even with simple sequences (5 events of 3 types in the target sequence), participants only got 88% correct despite averaging 7.4 seconds to respond. This indicates that simple visualization techniques are not effective

Protocols and pitfalls in obtaining fatty acid-binding proteins for biophysical studies of ligand-protein and protein-protein interactions

Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP: FABP4) is a member of the intracellular lipid-binding protein family that is thought to target long-chain fatty acids to nuclear receptors such as peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which in turn plays roles in insulin resistance and obesity. A molecular understanding of AFABP function requires robust isolation of the protein in liganded and free forms as well as characterization of its oligomerization state(s) under physiological conditions. We report development of a protocol to optimize the production of members of this protein family in pure form, including removal of their bound lipids by mixing with hydrophobically functionalized hydroxypropyl dextran beads and validation by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The formation of self-associated or covalently bonded protein dimers was evaluated critically using gel filtration chromatography, revealing conditions that promote or prevent formation of disulfide-linked homodimers. The resulting scheme provides a solid foundation for future investigations of AFABP interactions with key ligand and protein partners involved in lipid metabolism

Relativistic Quantum Thermodynamics of Ideal Gases in 2 Dimensions

In this work we study the behavior of relativistic ideal Bose and Fermi gases in two space dimensions. Making use of polylogarithm functions we derive a closed and unified expression for their densities. It is shown that both type of gases are essentially inequivalent, and only in the non-relativistic limit the spinless and equal mass Bose and Fermi gases are equivalent as known in the literature.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur

Formation continue sur la prise en charge de la clientèle pédiatrique pour les infirmières de l’urgence générale

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des sciences infirmières en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en sciences infirmières option formationAu Canada, 85 % des visites pédiatriques se font à l’extérieur d’un centre pédiatrique spécialisé et 20 % de ces enfants reçoivent un traitement qui ne serait pas bénéfique, voire nocif pour eux (TREKK, 2019). Afin de remédier à cette problématique, plusieurs auteurs suggèrent que la formation continue serait la pierre angulaire pour améliorer la prise en charge de la clientèle pédiatrique par les infirmières des urgences générales (Jain et al., 2019; Klig et al., 2018; Remick et al., 2018). Malheureusement, ces dernières ont relevé un manque de formations disponibles sur les soins d’urgence pédiatrique (Crockett et al., 2018). Le but de l’intervention éducationnelle présentée dans cet article clinique était de développer, mettre à l’essai une formation continue sur les soins d’urgence pédiatrique infirmiers et en apprécier la satisfaction. Celle-ci a été dispensée aux infirmières de deux urgences générales. Un questionnaire pour établir le profil des participantes et un questionnaire sur l’évaluation de la formation ont été utilisés. Cette formation a été basée sur deux cadres de références : la formation par compétences de Lasnier (2014) et le guide clinique sur les soins d’urgence pédiatrique de l’American Academy of Pediatrics et al. (2009). La formation d’une durée de 75 minutes a été offerte sous forme d’étude de cas et jumelée à un aide-mémoire. Les participantes se sont dites satisfaites de cette activité et la recommanderaient à leurs collègues. Enfin, au terme de cette intervention éducationnelle, le milieu a souhaité ajouter cette formation au programme d’orientation des infirmières de l’urgence.In Canada, 85% of pediatric visits are made outside of a specialized pediatric center and 20% of these children receive treatment that are suboptimal and perhaps even harmful to them (TREKK, 2019). To address this problem, several authors have suggested that continuing education should be the cornerstone for improving the management of pediatric patients by general emergency nurses (Jain et al., 2019; Klig et al., 2018; Remick et al., 2018). Unfortunately, the latter have noted a lack of training available on pediatric emergency care (Crockett et al., 2018). The purpose of this educational intervention presented in this practicum dissertation was to develop and provide an educational session on pediatric emergency nursing care. This session was offered to nurses in two general emergencies. Questionnaires were distributed to nurses before and after the educational session to establish a profile and verify their satisfaction on the session offered. This training was based on two frameworks: Educational competencies from Lasnier (2014) and the Clinical guidelines for the care of children presenting to the emergency department from the American Academy of Pediatrics et al. (2009). The 75-minutes training was offered through the analysis of a case-study combined and a pocketcard was distributed to them. Overall, participants mentioned that they were satisfied of the session offered and would recommend it to their colleagues. Finally, nursing administration of the setting concerned by this practicum decided to add the content of this educational intervention to their emergency nurses training program