Disubstituted Aminoanthraquinone-Based Multicolor Photoinitiators: Photoinitiation Mechanism and Ability of Cationic Polymerization under Blue, Green, Yellow, and Red LEDs

The investigation and clarification of the photoinitiation mechanism of novel systems are of importance for the design and development of compounds with high photoinitiation efficiency of photopolymerization. Some disubstituted aminoanthraquinone derivatives have been reported to exhibit interesting photochemical/photophysical properties and have the potential to act as high performance multicolor photoinitiators under the irradiation of various wavelengths of visible light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Herein, three disubstituted aminoanthraquinone derivatives, i.e., 1-amino-4-hydroxyanthraquinone, 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone, and 1,5-diaminoanthraquinone, with iodonium salt and N-vinylcarbazole as additives, have been investigated. Their photoinitiation mechanism was studied using fluorescence spectroscopy, laser flash photolysis, steady state photolysis, computational quantum chemistry, and electron spin resonance spin trapping techniques. Then, their photoinitiation ability for the cationic photopolymerization of epoxide and divinyl ether monomers under the irradiation of diverse LEDs (i.e., blue, green, yellow, and red LEDs) was investigated. The types and positions of substituents were found to play a vital role in the photoreactivity and photoinitiation ability of the disubstituted aminoanthraquinone derivative-based photoinitiating systems.P.X. acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT170100301). M.L.C. gratefully acknowledges a Georgina Sweet ARC Laureate Fellowship (FL170100041) and generous allocations of supercomputing time on the National Facility of the Australian National Computational Infrastructur

Influenza symptoms and their impact on elderly adults: randomised trial of AS03-adjuvanted or non-adjuvanted inactivated trivalent seasonal influenza vaccines.

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are particularly relevant in influenza vaccine trials in the elderly where reduction in symptom severity could prevent illness-related functional impairment

High-resolution CT phenotypes in pulmonary sarcoidosis: a multinational Delphi consensus study

One view of sarcoidosis is that the term covers many different diseases. However, no classification framework exists for the future exploration of pathogenetic pathways, genetic or trigger predilections, patterns of lung function impairment, or treatment separations, or for the development of diagnostic algorithms or relevant outcome measures. We aimed to establish agreement on high-resolution CT (HRCT) phenotypic separations in sarcoidosis to anchor future CT research through a multinational two-round Delphi consensus process. Delphi participants included members of the Fleischner Society and the World Association of Sarcoidosis and other Granulomatous Disorders, as well as members' nominees. 146 individuals (98 chest physicians, 48 thoracic radiologists) from 28 countries took part, 144 of whom completed both Delphi rounds. After rating of 35 Delphi statements on a five-point Likert scale, consensus was achieved for 22 (63%) statements. There was 97% agreement on the existence of distinct HRCT phenotypes, with seven HRCT phenotypes that were categorised by participants as non-fibrotic or likely to be fibrotic. The international consensus reached in this Delphi exercise justifies the formulation of a CT classification as a basis for the possible definition of separate diseases. Further refinement of phenotypes with rapidly achievable CT studies is now needed to underpin the development of a formal classification of sarcoidosis

2015/16 seasonal vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation with influenza a(H1N1)pdm09 and B among elderly people in Europe: Results from the I-MOVE+ project

We conducted a multicentre test-negative caseâ\u80\u93control study in 27 hospitals of 11 European countries to measure 2015/16 influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B among people aged â\u89¥ 65 years. Patients swabbed within 7 days after onset of symptoms compatible with severe acute respiratory infection were included. Information on demographics, vaccination and underlying conditions was collected. Using logistic regression, we measured IVE adjusted for potential confounders. We included 355 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases, 110 influenza B cases, and 1,274 controls. Adjusted IVE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 42% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22 to 57). It was 59% (95% CI: 23 to 78), 48% (95% CI: 5 to 71), 43% (95% CI: 8 to 65) and 39% (95% CI: 7 to 60) in patients with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung and heart disease, respectively. Adjusted IVE against influenza B was 52% (95% CI: 24 to 70). It was 62% (95% CI: 5 to 85), 60% (95% CI: 18 to 80) and 36% (95% CI: -23 to 67) in patients with diabetes mellitus, lung and heart disease, respectively. 2015/16 IVE estimates against hospitalised influenza in elderly people was moderate against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B, including among those with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung or heart diseases

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Replacing vaccine paper package inserts : a multi-country questionnaire study on the acceptability of an electronic replacement in different target groups

BACKGROUND: In the European Union it is mandatory to include paper package leaflets (PPL) with all medicines, including vaccines, to inform the recipient. However, it is difficult to meet the necessity for localized PPLs in each of the 24 official European languages. Replacing PPLs with electronic versions offers many advantages including redistribution across nations, reduced storage space, accessibility by the visually impaired, easily updated information or the addition of video content. We wanted to assess the attitudes of patients (vaccine recipients or their parents) to the potential of replacing PPL with electronic versions. METHODS: We surveyed vaccinees or their parents in four European countries—Belgium, Italy, Bulgaria and France—for their actual use of vaccine PPLs and their opinions about switching to an electronic package leaflet. Our survey was conducted online because of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulted in 2518 responses to a questionnaire targeted at three specific groups with particular information needs: parents of young children, pregnant women and the elderly (≥ 60 years). RESULTS: Our main findings are that currently vaccine PPLs are rarely used and frequently unavailable for the vaccinee. Across the four countries surveyed 55–82% of vaccinees would accept an electronic version, as did 64% when there was an option to request a printout of the leaflet. CONCLUSIONS: We found that switching to electronic versions of vaccine PPLs is an acceptable alternative for the public, potentially increasing the quality and amount of information reaching vaccinees while eliminating some barriers to redistribution of vaccines between countries. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-12510-8

Disubstituted Aminoanthraquinone-Based Photoinitiators for Free Radical Polymerization and Fast 3D Printing under Visible Light

The development of highly efficient and rapid photoinitiating systems for free radical photopolymerization under the irradiation of visible light has attracted increasing attention due to their widespread potential applications in, for example, 3D printing or dental polymers. Unfortunately, currently available visible-light-sensitive photoinitiators are not efficient enough for 3D printing applications suffering from low printing speeds. Here we describe a series of photoinitiating systems consisting of disubstituted aminoanthraquinone derivatives (i.e., 1-amino-4-hydroxyanthraquinone, 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone, and 1,5-diaminoanthraquinone) and various additives (e.g., tertiary amine and phenacyl bromide) toward the free radical photopolymerization of various acrylate monomers (such as commercial 3D resin) under the irradiation of blue to red LEDs. It is shown that the type and position of substituents of the aminoanthraquinone derivative can significantly affect its photoinitiation properties. The most efficient disubstituted aminoanthraquinone derivative-based photoinitiating system was selected and used for the 3D printing of a commercial 3D resin in a 3D printer with polychromatic visible light as the irradiation source. It is shown that its printing speed was dramatically enhanced compared to a commercial photoinitiator 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyldiphenylphosphine oxide (TPO).P.X. acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT170100301). M.L.C. gratefully acknowledges support from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, a Georgina Sweet ARC Laureate Fellowship (FL170100041) and generous allocations of supercomputing time on the National Facility of the Australian National Computational Infrastructure. N.C. acknowledges funding from the Australian Research Council (FT140100834). EPR equipment is funded through the ARC LIEF program (LE170100023)