Preinducción cervical y rotura prematura de membranas

La rotura prematura de membranas sucede en el 5-10% de todas las gestaciones, en el 5-11% de las gestaciones a término y en el 1,5-20% de gestaciones por debajo de las 37 semanas de gestación . Al menos el 60% suceden en embarazos a término. Esta complicación se asocia a un incremento en la frecuencia de sufrimiento fetal, prolapso de cordón umbilical o de estructuras fetales, desprendimiento de placenta normalmente inserta e infección corioamniótica. En la mayoría de casos de rotura prematura de membranas ninguno de los factores etiológicos conocidos está presente, lo cual dificulta la búsqueda y toma de medidas preventivas frente a ella. De la revisión bibliográfica realizada se desprende que no existe acuerdo unánime en cuanto al manejo de las pacientes con rotura prematura de membranas a término. No está clara qué actuación es la más correcta (aunque, en general, sí se aboga por la intervencionista) ni si las pacientes preinducidas por esta indicación presentan o no mayor tasa de cesáreas. El único punto en común de todos los autores es la seguridad maternofetal de todas las técnicas empleadas. Esta investigación analiza las características maternas y los resultados perinatales de las gestaciones de al menos 34 semanas completas preinducidas por rotura prematura de membranas en el Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet según el protocolo establecido en dicho hospital y su comparación con los de gestaciones preinducidas por otras indicaciones. Para ello se realizó un estudio analítico observacional de cohortes. El objetivo fundamental fue analizar las posibles diferencias en los resultados maternofetales entre ambos grupos de estudio. Asímismo se investigaron las características maternas y obstétricas que podían ser predictoras de parto vaginal o de cesárea en las gestaciones preinducidas por rotura prematura de membranas. Conclusiones: No se han objetivado diferencias significativas en el resultado maternofetal en las gestaciones preinducidas por rotura prematura de membranas con respecto a gestaciones finalizadas electivamente por otras indicaciones. Esta ausencia de diferencias se concretó en las siguientes variables: vía de parto, anomalías de frecuencia cardíaca fetal intraparto, ph arterial de cordón, Apgar al primer y al quinto minuto de vida, necesidad de ingreso neonatal, complicaciones neonatales y aparición de complicaciones maternas. Las pacientes preinducidas por rotura prematura de membranas precisaron una segunda dosis de prostaglandinas (3,71% vs 20,87%) e inducción oxitócica (38,82% vs 51,96%) con menor frecuencia que aquellas preinducidas con bolsa íntegra. Asímismo presentaron una puntuación media de bishop inicial superior (2,34 vs 2,16) y un menor tiempo transcurrido desde inicio de preinducción cervical hasta el parto (20,11h vs 26,80h). Las gestantes preinducidas por rotura prematura de membranas que requirieron finalización del embarazo vía cesárea presentaron, de forma significativa, respecto a aquellas que lo finalizaron vía vaginal: mayor frecuencia de aumento excesivo de peso durante el embarazo (41,46% vs 11,56%), mayor edad gestacional media (275,93 días vs 271,52 días), mayor tiempo desde inicio de preinducción hasta el parto (25,39h vs 18,64h) y mayor frecuencia de inducción oxitócica (63,47% vs 31,97%). Las gestantes preinducidas por rotura prematura de membranas que precisaron realización de cesárea mostraron, en relación con las que finalizaron el embarazo vía vaginal, menor frecuencia de anomalías de la frecuencia cardíaca fetal intraparto (82,92% vs 94,55%), menor frecuencia de vueltas/nudos de cordón (9,75% vs 29,93%), mejor ph de cordón medio (7,28 vs 7,25), mayor frecuencia de apgar al primer minuto menor a 7 (19,51% vs 4,76%) y menor Apgar medio al quinto minuto (9,54 vs 9,76), mayor peso fetal medio (3349,76g vs 3060,51g) y mayor frecuencia de fiebre materna intraparto (19,51% vs 7,48%). No se ha observado asociación entre finalización mediante cesárea y otras variables como la puntuación de Bishop inicial ni el número de dosis de prostaglandinas empleadas. El tiempo de evolución de bolsa rota no ha mostrado asociación con el tiempo hasta el parto, la frecuencia de complicaciones intraparto, la modalidad de parto, ni con las diversas variables de resultado materno y perinatal. No se han observado diferencias significativas en los resultados maternofetales de gestantes preinducidas por rotura prematura de membranas con respecto a aquellas preinducidas por oligoamnios, excepto un menor tiempo medio desde el inicio de la preinducción hasta el parto (20,11h vs 24,73h) y un ph de cordón mínimamente superior (7,25 vs 7,23), así como una menor frecuencia de desaceleraciones de la frecuenciacardíaca fetal intraparto (rr: 0,743). Los resultados maternofetales de gestantes preinducidas por rotura prematura de membranas no fueron significativamente diferentes de los de aquellas preinducidas por hiperdatia, excepto un menor tiempo medio hasta el parto (20,11h vs 25,96h) y un ph de cordón mínimamente superior (7,25 vs 7,23)

Design and Study of a Wide-Band Printed Circuit Board Near-Field Probe

Magnetic near-field probes (NFP) represent a suitable tool to measure the magnetic field level from a small electromagnetic interference (EMI) source. This kind of antenna is useful as a magnetic field probe for pre-compliance EMC measurements or debugging tasks since the user can scan a printed circuit board (PCB) looking for locations with strong magnetic fields. When a strong H-field point is found, the designer should check the PCB layout and components placement in that area to detect if this could result in an EMI source. This contribution focuses on analyzing the performance of an easy to build and low-cost H-field NFP designed and manufactured using a standard PCB stack-up. Thereby, the frequency range and sensitivity of the NFP-PCB are analyzed through a Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation model that makes it possible to evaluate its sensibility and effective frequency range. The numerical results obtained with the FEM models are validated against measurements to verify the design and performance of our NFP. The FEM model reproduces the experimental procedure, which is used to evaluate the performance of the NFP in terms of sensitivity by means of the simulated near-field distribution. The NFP-PCB has almost a flat response from 180 MHz to 6 GHz, with an almost perfect concordance between numerical and experimental S21 results. The numerical results show an average transmission loss of −27.9 dB by considering the flat response bandwidth, whereas the experimental one is −29.7 dB. Finally, the designed NFP is compared to two high-quality commercial probes in order to analyze its performance

Lateralization in escape behaviour at different hierarchical levels in a Gecko: Tarentola angustimentalis from eastern Canary Islands

At the individual level, to be behaviourally lateralized avoids costly duplication of neural circuitry and decreases possible contradictory order from the two brain hemispheres. However, being prey behaviour lateralized at higher hierarchical levels could generate different negative implications, especially if predators are able to make predictions after multiple encounters. These conflicting pressures, namely between the advantages for individuals and the disadvantages for populations could be concealed if higher-level lateralization would arise from the combination of lateralized behaviours of individuals which are mutually dependent. Here, we investigated the lateralization patterns in the escape behaviour of the gecko Tarentola angustimentalis undergoing a predatory attack simulation in a "T" maze experiment. Results showed that gecko populations displayed different degrees of lateralization, with an overall dominance of right-biased individuals. This trend is similar to that observed in the Podarcis wall lizards, which share predators with Tarentola. In addition, different morphological parameters plausible to affect refuge selection were explored in order to link directional asymmetries at morphological level with lateralization during refuge selection.Fieldwork was carried out with the support of the project PTDC/BIA-BEC/101256/2008 funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal). E.G.-M. was supported by postdoc grant from FCT (SFRH/BPD/72806/2010). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Thanks are due to Herve Seligmann and an anonymous reviewer for comments and suggestions on an earlier draft of the manuscript.publishe

Non-covalent interactions in biocompatible platforms for drug delivery: Mg2(olsalazine) Metal-Organic Framework with phenylethylamine, dopamine and sertraline

Drug delivery systems can improve the efficacy of therapeutic substances. In this investigation, the biocompatible Mg2(olsalazine) [Mg2(olz)] framework is investigated as a delivery system of phenylethylamine, dopamine and sertraline, substances related to the functioning of the Central Nervous System. Experiments previously reported show that Mg2(olz) encapsulates phenylethylamine and, under physiological conditions, releases the molecules. The hypothesis of this work is that this is possible due to the presence of non-covalent interactions. The non-covalent interactions between Mg2(olz) and phenylethylamine, dopamine and sertraline are analyzed using Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules and Non-covalent Interaction Index. It was found that the coordinatively unsaturated metal site of Mg2(olz) is important for the formation of non-covalent interactions. Due to similarity of systems of dopamine and sertraline with that of phenylethylamine, we conclude that Mg2(olz) is also capable to encapsulate and release these two drugs, being a good proposal as a drug delivery system.EM thanks CONACyT, México for PhD scholarship 709721. AM acknowledges support from DGAPA through Programa de Apoyos para la Superación del Personal Académico de la UNAM (PASPA); and thanks to LANCAD-UNAM-DGTIC-141 .Peer reviewe

Temperature–Power Simultaneous Effect on Physical Properties of BaxSr1−x TiO3 Thin Films Deposited by RF–Magnetron Cosputtering for 0 ≤ x ≤1

The combined effect on the variation of the in-situ deposition temperature and the variation of the applied power on the deposition rate (DR), gap energy (Eg), and resistivity (ρ) in barium strontium titanate thin films, deposited into RF (radio frequency)–magnetron cosputtering equipment, are presented in this research. The simultaneous action of two magnetrons (BaTiO3 and SrTiO3) is explained using the first and second derivative of Boltzmann’s sigmoidal equation. This found that a deposition gradient is a very novel analysis. Using the color-code lines built through MATLAB® and analyzing the trend information, taking into account the influence of the calculated “x” parameter, by means of the Boltzmann’s sigmoidal equation fit, we propose a method to set up an RF–magnetron cosputtering system to predict the DR(x,T), Eg(x,T), and ρ(x,T) values of BaxSr1−xTiO3 solid solutions with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 for amorphous and crystalline phases. This method can be a versatile tool to optimize the deposition process with, or without, in situ deposition temperature

A molecular stratification of chilean gastric cancer patients with potential clinical applicability

Gastric cancer (GC) is a complex and heterogeneous disease. In recent decades, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Asian Cancer Research Group (ACRG) defined GC molecular subtypes. Unfortunately, these systems require high-cost and complex techniques and consequently their impact in the clinic has remained limited. Additionally, most of these studies are based on European, Asian, or North American GC cohorts. Herein, we report a molecular classification of Chilean GC patients into five subtypes, based on immunohistochemical (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH) methods. These were Epstein–Barr virus positive (EBV+), mismatch repair-deficient (MMR-D), epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like, and accumulated (p53+) or undetected p53 (p53−). Given its lower costs this system has the potential for clinical applicability. Our results confirm relevant molecular alterations previously reported by TCGA and ACRG. We confirm EBV+ and MMR-D patients had the best prognosis and could be candidates for immunotherapy. Conversely, EMT-like displayed the poorest prognosis; our data suggest FGFR2 or KRAS could serve as potential actionable targets for these patients. Finally, we propose a low-cost step-by-step stratification system for GC patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Latin American report on a molecular classification for GC. Pending further validation, this stratification system could be implemented into the routine clinic

Ciencia Odontológica

Es para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el primero de una serie de 5 libros sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche y Universidad de Guadalajara

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele