Prácticas culturales de consumo de cigarrillo y conductas de prevención establecidas en la Ley Anti Tabáquica en jóvenes universitarios de Bogotá

Esta investigación se propuso analizar la coherencia entre las prácticas culturales de consumo de cigarrillo en jóvenes universitarios de Bogotá y las conductas de prevención establecidas en la Ley Anti Tabáquica, identificando los factores y elementos que determinan las ocasiones, modelos, reglas, las consecuencias a nivel operante y cultural en torno al consumo de cigarrillo.This research aimed to analyze the consistency between the cultural practices of cigarette consumption in university students in Bogota and prevention behaviors set out in the Anti Nicotine, identifying the factors and elements that determine the chances, models, and rules, consequences at operant and cultural around smoking.Psicólogo (a)Pregrad

Obligation and negative consequences in primary caregivers of dependent older relatives

The purpose of this study was to analyse the multidimensional nature of obligation and the relations between each dimension of obligation and both anxiety and depression. A secondary analysis of data from two cross-sectional studies of primary home caregivers (N = 400; probabilistic sample) of older adult relatives in Spain was conducted. Data regarding obligation (four categories basing on beliefs of obligation and social pressure: low pressure and low beliefs, low pressure and high beliefs, high pressure and low beliefs and high pressure and high beliefs), stressors, anxiety and depression were collected by interview in 2013. The combination of high pressure and low beliefs had the highest levels of anxiety and depression, and the combination of low pressure and high beliefs had the lowest levels of anxiety and depression. When the relation of behavioural problems with anxiety and depression stratified by the previous four categories of obligation was analysed, behavioural problems were associated with anxiety and depression in the subgroups with low beliefs of obligation, whereas this association disappeared in the subgroups with high beliefs of obligation.Original studies in this secondary analysis study were supported with grants from the Spanish Government (Instituto de Salud Carlos III and FEDER founds, PI90583) and Andalusian Government (Andalusian Health Service, 2011-2013). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Barley-ß-glucans reduce systemic inflammation, renal injury and aortic calcification through ADAM17 and neutral-sphingomyelinase2 inhibition

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), hyperphosphatemia-induced inflammation aggravates vascular calcification (VC) by increasing vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) osteogenic differentiation, ADAM17-induced renal and vascular injury, and TNFα-induction of neutral-sphingomyelinase2 (nSMase2) to release pro-calcifying exosomes. This study examined anti-inflammatory β-glucans efficacy at attenuating systemic inflammation in health, and renal and vascular injury favoring VC in hyperphosphatemic CKD. In healthy adults, dietary barley β-glucans (Bβglucans) reduced leukocyte superoxide production, inflammatory ADAM17, TNFα, nSMase2, and pro-aging/pro-inflammatory STING (Stimulator of interferon genes) gene expression without decreasing circulating inflammatory cytokines, except for γ-interferon. In hyperphosphatemic rat CKD, dietary Bβglucans reduced renal and aortic ADAM17-driven inflammation attenuating CKD-progression (higher GFR and lower serum creatinine, proteinuria, kidney inflammatory infiltration and nSMase2), and TNFα-driven increases in aortic nSMase2 and calcium deposition without improving mineral homeostasis. In VSMC, Bβglucans prevented LPS- or uremic serum-induced rapid increases in ADAM17, TNFα and nSMase2, and reduced the 13-fold higher calcium deposition induced by prolonged calcifying conditions by inhibiting osteogenic differentiation and increases in nSMase2 through Dectin1-independent actions involving Bβglucans internalization. Thus, dietary Bβglucans inhibit leukocyte superoxide production and leukocyte, renal and aortic ADAM17- and nSMase2 gene expression attenuating systemic inflammation in health, and renal injury and aortic calcification despite hyperphosphatemia in CKD.A grant to A.S.D. and M.J.M. from IRBLleida and Agrotecnio Research collaborative projects from the Consell Social at Lleida University supported initial work, Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-funded by European Union (ERDF/FEDER) (FIS PI11/00259, PI14/01452, PI17/02181), Plan de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación 2013–2017 y 2018–2022 del Principado de Asturias (GRUPIN14-028, IDI-2018-000152), RedInRen from ISCIII (ISCIII-RETIC REDINREN RD16/0009). Investigator support included: NC-L by GRUPIN14-028 and IDI-2018-000152, LM-A by GRUPIN14-028, SP by FICYT; MVA and PV by Educational Grant 2 A/2015 from ERA-EDTA CKD-MBD Working Group; PV and AC by ERA-EDTA fellowships 2011 and 2012; JR-C by MINECO (“Juan de la Cierva” program, FJCI-2015-23849); A.S.D. by Asociación Investigación de Fisiología Aplicada. A.S.D. and M.J.M. are members of the Campus Iberus (Ebro Valley Campus of International Excellence)

Afectaciones psicosociales relacionadas con despenalización de marihuana en consumidores jóvenes de Bello - Niquía

Confirmada la despenalización en Colombia, se genera impacto en algunas dinámicas sociales como la libre expresión de la personalidad, la legislación de la autoridad y algunas afectaciones psicosociales que se transforman en la sociedad. Este artículo presenta por medio de un análisis categorial, obtenido a partir de entrevistas semiestruturada que recogieron una visión de la problemática del consumo de marihuana, orientada a identificar las afectaciones psicosociales relacionadas con la despenalización en jóvenes del sector Bello - Niquía, como resultado de la investigación del semillero de Farmacodependencia.Por otra parte, en los jóvenes se identificó que al comienzo del consumo de marihuana hubo prevalencia en los fines recreativos, donde la motivación fue la curiosidad y descubrir diferentes sensaciones, encontrando una vía tranquilizadora respecto a las problemáticas familiares y personales. A medida que el consumo fue tomando lugar en la realidad de los entrevistados, la dosis y la frecuencia aumentó; esta prevalencia es consecuente con hipótesis como: un nivel de dependencia, exigencias de un círculo social o que involucren con mayor intensidad las dinámicas personales y familiares.En conclusión, el consumo en el sector Bello - Niquía es un fenómeno de impacto social, que involucra la interacción de algunos jóvenes y que dentro de su misma realidad, existen causas que movilizan la inmersión al consumo desde fines recreativos hasta niveles de dependencia; en diferentes contextos sociales los consumidores se sienten estigmatizados, aunque existe una aceptación parcial cuando de uso recreativo se trat

Revisión sistemática de los instrumentos más aplicados para conocer las prácticas de la recreación, tiempo libre y ocio.

El hilo conductor del trabajo que se venía desarrollando era de gran importancia tener claro el papel que desempeñaban el tiempo libre y el ocio dentro de la recreación y se genero una búsqueda de información que pudiera dar cuenta del objetivo aquí planteado, se identifico que los dos conceptos al momento de mencionarlos tiene diferente conceptualización, lo cual quiere no se hace evidente, ya que presentan pocas diferencias que tienen entre sí, si bien es cierto que son más las características que las correlacionan y que se complementan entre si ya que si no se presenta el tiempo libre no puede existir un tiempo de ocio, una de las principales diferencias entre estos dos tiempos son el carácter autónomo ya que las actividades realizadas por una persona en su tiempo de ocio es de libre decisión y que serán de aprovechamiento netamente personal sin tener ningún tipo de dependencia de carácter laboral, social, esto generando un gozo o satisfacción personal, lo que en el tiempo libre no se presenta

Revisión sistemática de los instrumentos más aplicados para conocer las prácticas de la recreación, tiempo libre y ocio.

El hilo conductor del trabajo que se venía desarrollando era de gran importancia tener claro el papel que desempeñaban el tiempo libre y el ocio dentro de la recreación y se genero una búsqueda de información que pudiera dar cuenta del objetivo aquí planteado, se identifico que los dos conceptos al momento de mencionarlos tiene diferente conceptualización, lo cual quiere no se hace evidente, ya que presentan pocas diferencias que tienen entre sí, si bien es cierto que son más las características que las correlacionan y que se complementan entre si ya que si no se presenta el tiempo libre no puede existir un tiempo de ocio, una de las principales diferencias entre estos dos tiempos son el carácter autónomo ya que las actividades realizadas por una persona en su tiempo de ocio es de libre decisión y que serán de aprovechamiento netamente personal sin tener ningún tipo de dependencia de carácter laboral, social, esto generando un gozo o satisfacción personal, lo que en el tiempo libre no se presenta

Vitamin D treatment prevents uremia-induced reductions in aortic microRNA-145 attenuating osteogenic differentiation despite hyperphosphatemia

In chronic kidney disease, systemic inflammation and high serum phosphate (P) promote the de-differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) to osteoblast-like cells, increasing the propensity for medial calcification and cardiovascular mortality. Vascular microRNA-145 (miR-145) content is essential to maintain VSMC contractile phenotype. Because vitamin D induces aortic miR-145, uremia and high serum P reduce it and miR-145 directly targets osteogenic osterix in osteoblasts, this study evaluated a potential causal link between vascular miR-145 reductions and osterix-driven osteogenic differentiation and its counter-regulation by vitamin D. Studies in aortic rings from normal rats and in the rat aortic VSMC line A7r5 exposed to calcifying conditions corroborated that miR-145 reductions were associated with decreases in contractile markers and increases in osteogenic differentiation and calcium (Ca) deposition. Furthermore, miR-145 silencing enhanced Ca deposition in A7r5 cells exposed to calcifying conditions, while miR-145 overexpression attenuated it, partly through increasing α-actin levels and reducing osterix-driven osteogenic differentiation. In mice, 14 weeks after the induction of renal mass reduction, both aortic miR-145 and α-actin mRNA decreased by 80% without significant elevations in osterix or Ca deposition. Vitamin D treatment from week 8 to 14 fully prevented the reductions in aortic miR-145 and attenuated by 50% the decreases in α-actin, despite uremia-induced hyperphosphatemia. In conclusion, vitamin D was able to prevent the reductions in aortic miR-145 and α-actin content induced by uremia, reducing the alterations in vascular contractility and osteogenic differentiation despite hyperphosphatemia

Comportamento alimentar durante o confinamento por COVID-19 (CoV-Eat Project): protocolo de um estudo transversal em países de língua espanhola

In December 2019, cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology emerged, which were later classified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On March 11st, the pandemic by COVID-19 disease was declared, and since then it has been used transmission containment measures such as social distancing and confinement, measures with known effects as stressors that can influence eating behavior. Therefore, the aim of this research protocol is to identify eating behavior through dietary restriction, emotional feeding, and uncontrolled intake and to explore the factors associated with these adult behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spanish-speaking countries.En diciembre de 2019 surgieron casos de neumonía de etiología desconocida, que más tarde fueron clasificados como coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave de tipo 2 (SARS-CoV-2). El 11 de marzo se declaró la pandemia por la enfermedad respiratoria coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), por lo que se recurrió a medidas de contención de la transmisión, como el distanciamiento social y confinamiento, medidas con conocidos efectos estresores que pueden influir en la conducta alimentaria. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación es identificar la conducta alimentaria a través de la restricción dietética, alimentación emocional e ingesta incontrolada, y explorar los factores asociados con estas conductas en adultos durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en países hispanohablantes.Em dezembro de 2019 surgiram casos de pneumonia de etiologia desconhecida, posteriormente classificados como coronavírus de síndrome respiratória aguda grave do tipo 2 (SARS-CoV-2). No dia 11 de março, foi declarada a pandemia pela doença respiratória coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), por isto foram utilizadas medidas de contenção da transmissão, como o distanciamento social e o confinamento, medidas com conhecidos efeitos estressantes que podem influenciar o comportamento alimentar. Portanto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar o comportamento alimentar por meio da restrição dietética, a alimentação emocional e a ingestão descontrolada, e explorar os fatores associados a esses comportamentos em adultos durante o confinamento por COVID-19 em países de língua espanhola

P53 wild-type colorectal cancer cells that express a fetal gene signature are associated with metastasis and poor prognosis

Current therapy against colorectal cancer (CRC) is based on DNA-damaging agents that remain ineffective in a proportion of patients. Whether and how non-curative DNA damage-based treatment affects tumor cell behavior and patient outcome is primarily unstudied. Using CRC patient-derived organoids (PDO)s, we show that sublethal doses of chemotherapy (CT) does not select previously resistant tumor populations but induces a quiescent state specifically to TP53 wildtype (WT) cancer cells, which is linked to the acquisition of a YAP1-dependent fetal phenotype. Cells displaying this phenotype exhibit high tumor-initiating and metastatic activity. Nuclear YAP1 and fetal traits are present in a proportion of tumors at diagnosis and predict poor prognosis in patients carrying TP53 WT CRC tumors. We provide data indicating the higher efficacy of CT together with YAP1 inhibitors for eradication of therapy resistant TP53 WT cancer cells. Together these results identify fetal conversion as a useful biomarker for patient prognosis and therapy prescription. The failure of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer is currently unclear. Here, the authors show that upon sub-lethal dose of chemotherapy wild-type p53 colorectal cancers acquire a quiescence-like phenotype and a YAP-dependent fetal-like intestinal stem cell state associated with a higher metastatic activity and poor prognosis in patients