Lessons Learned: Recruiting Aging Adults for Research

Aging adults are the fastest-growing population in the United States, but they are underrepresented in health care research. Evidence-based decisions for aging adults need to be made using research done with this population. However, recruiting aging adults into research has many challenges. This article presents multiple cases of recruiting aging adults into nutrition research studies in 3 different US geographic locations. The challenges, successes, and lessons learned are presented. The lessons learned can provide guidance to others already doing research with aging adults and those clinical and community dietitians who want to start doing research with aging adults

Using LongSAGE to Detect Biomarkers of Cervical Cancer Potentially Amenable to Optical Contrast Agent Labelling

Sixteen longSAGE libraries from four different clinical stages of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia have enabled us to identify novel cell-surface biomarkers indicative of CIN stage. By comparing gene expression profiles of cervical tissue at early and advanced stages of CIN, several genes are identified to be novel genetic markers. We present fifty-six cell-surface gene products differentially expressed during progression of CIN. These cell surface proteins are being examined to establish their capacity for optical contrast agent binding. Contrast agent visualization will allow real-time assessment of the physiological state of the disease process bringing vast benefit to cancer care. The data discussed in this publication have been submitted to NCBIs Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) and are accessible through GEO Series accession number GSE6252

PERFILOMETRIA DIMENSIONAL DO ALGINATO CONVENCIONAL FRENTE ÀS DIFERENTES SOLUÇÕES PARA MANIPULAÇÃO.

Objetivos:O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em, portanto, verificar como os diversos tipos de água em termos de propriedades físico-químicas influenciam na alteração dimensional das moldagens em associação ao hidrocolóide irreversível. Método:O alginato convencional marca comercial Jeltrate (Dentsply, Brazil) foram manipulados de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante. A análise do comportamento dimensional do alginato convencional foi de acordo com os grupos seguintes: água com cloreto de sódio; água destilada; pH neutro em temperatura de 22°C;água gaseificada, pH ácido e água do sistema público de abastecimento em tempos de armazenamento de 1 e 24 horas. Foram manipulados na proporção 1:1 com gral de borracha espátula e, em seguida, colocados em recipientes de 2,5 mm de diâmetro , em seguida foram mensurados os corpo-de-provas com auxílio de paquímetro digital (Super Tool MKDC-6). Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que os grupos água destilada 9,89 (±0,26) água gaseificada 9,92 (±,22) apresentaram no tempo imediato diferença significativa frente aos grupos água com cloreto de sódio 9,97 (±0,32) e água de abastecimento 9,59 (±0,30). Neste tempo o grupo a água com cloreto de sódio apresentou maior alteração dimensional. No tempo 24 horas, o grupo cloreto de sódio 10,63 (±0,14) e água de abastecimento 10,60 (±0,21) apresentar o maior alteração dimensional frente a água destilada e água gaseificada ANOVA

In vitro potency, in vitro and in vivo efficacy of liposomal alendronate in combination with γδ T cell immunotherapy in mice

Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (N-BP), including zoledronic acid (ZOL) and alendronate (ALD), have been proposed as sensitisers in γδ T cell immunotherapy in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Therapeutic efficacy of N-BPs is hampered by their rapid renal excretion and high affinity for bone. Liposomal formulations of N-BP have been proposed to improve accumulation in solid tumours. Liposomal alendronate (L-ALD) has been suggested as a suitable alternative to liposomal ZOL (L-ZOL), due to unexpected mice death experienced in pre-clinical studies with the latter. Only one study so far has proven the therapeutic efficacy of L-ALD, in combination with γδ T cell immunotherapy, after intraperitoneal administration of γδ T cell resulting in delayed growth of ovarian cancer in mice. This study aims to assess the in vitro efficacy of L-ALD, in combination with γδ T cell immunotherapy, in a range of cancerous cell lines, using L-ZOL as a comparator. The therapeutic efficacy was tested in a pseudo-metastatic lung mouse model, following intravenous injection of γδ T cell, L-ALD or the combination. In vivo biocompatibility and organ biodistribution studies of L-BPs were undertaken simultaneously. Higher concentrations of L-ALD (40–60 μM) than L-ZOL (3–10 μM) were required to produce a comparative reduction in cell viability in vitro, when used in combination with γδ T cells. Significant inhibition of tumour growth was observed after treatment with both L-ALD and γδ T cells in pseudo-metastatic lung melanoma tumour-bearing mice after tail vein injection of both treatments, suggesting that therapeutically relevant concentrations of L-ALD and γδ T cell could be achieved in the tumour sites, resulting in significant delay in tumour growth

Técnica minimamente invasiva para restabelecimento de dimensão vertical de oclusão de dentição com erosão.

INTRODUÇÃO: A erosão dentária caracteriza-se como uma condição multifatorial associada com a perda irreversível de estrutura dentária resultante de processo químico envolvendo fontes ácidas não bacterianas. Nos casos mais severos o grau de dano tecidual pode não raro provocar a redução da dimensão vertical de oclusão (DVO). O amplo desenvolvimento das técnicas adesivas tem favorecido a adoção de procedimentos mais conservadores com preservação de estrutura dentária hígida. OBJETIVO: Relatar um caso clínico de técnica aditiva minimamente invasiva para reanatomização de dentes anteriores superiores como parte integrante do restabelecimento de dimensão vertical de oclusão de arcadas danificadas pelo processo de erosão dentária. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente HGH, 42 anos, gênero feminino, apresentou com queixa de insatisfação com a aparência estética de seu sorriso. As imagens de face apresentam sinais característicos de uma dimensão vertical de oclusão reduzida, associada a desgaste generalizado dos dentes anteriores. Para a reanatomização da face palatal dos dentes 11,12,13, 22 e 23, bastante destruída, optou-se pela técnica aditiva de com resina composta direta associada à faceta cerâmica nas faces vestibular e incisal, conhecida como Técnica de Sanduíche. O emprego de uma matriz de silicone transparente possibilitou uma reprodução fiel, e tecnicamente mais simplificada, da anatomia palatal definida no enceramento. CONCLUSÃO: A técnica Sanduiche apresenta-se como alternativa segura, exequível e efetiva para o restabelecimento de DVO de arcadas severamente danificadas pelo processo de erosão dentária

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment

Significant Reduction of Antibiotic Use in the Community after a Nationwide Campaign in France, 2002–2007

Didier Guillemot and colleagues describe the evaluation of a nationwide programme in France aimed at decreasing unnecessary outpatient prescriptions for antibiotics. The campaign was successful, particularly in reducing prescriptions for children