The role of women in Pixar’s animated cinema

Pixar es considerado sin duda alguna uno de los grandes referentes del cine de animación actual, por lo que debe lamentarse especialmente la escasez de personajes femeninos de relevancia en sus películas. Fácilmente se comprueba que la mayor parte de sus personajes principales pertenecen al género masculino y presentan además rasgos acusadamente patriarcales. Solo en contadas ocasiones el protagonismo de la película en cuestión es compartido por un personaje femenino, y, como este artículo pretende comprobar, también estos se hallan en su mayor parte sujetos a una representación que propone, aún en estos tiempos, roles más bien tradicionales.Pixar is definitely considered one of the greatest role models in the current animated cinema scope, and that’s why it is dissapointing to see the lack of relevant female characters. It can be easily proved that most of the main characters are male and show patriarcal features. We hardly ever find a female main character, and it is the purpose of this article to evidence that even these ones usually represent traditional roles

La construcción y evolución del personaje a través de las películas de M. Night Shyamalan

El personaje es un elemento esencial de todo relato cinematográfico, lo que hace que su buena construcción sea especialmente importante. Desarrollado desde el guion, el espectador debe poder sentirse identificado con él y, del mismo modo, verse atrapado por la historia que protagoniza. Igual de importante es que el personaje principal evolucione durante el film, mostrando que, con cada acto que realiza a lo largo de la película, da un paso hacia una transformación. En muchas ocasiones, incluso, el cambio es tal que quien finaliza el relato dista mucho del que lo comenzó. Esta evolución es especialmente evidente en los protagonistas de las películas dirigidas por M. Night Shyamalan. El director los construye partiendo de una idea similar: el sufrimiento de una pérdida, mostrando a partir de esta cómo se pueden desarrollar historias muy diferentes. Este trabajo se propone analizar algunos de los personajes más relevantes de la filmografía de este director, y determinar cómo se produce una transformación en cada uno de ellos.Universidad de Sevilla. Máster en Guion, Narrativa y Creatividad Audiovisua

Shrek como cuento de hadas tradicional

Muchas películas de animación parten del cuento de hadas tradicional para construir su relato. Por eso mismo, suelen compartir con él gran parte de su estructura y también estereotipos. La historia de un príncipe apuesto y encantador que va a rescatar a una bella princesa en apuros, por ejemplo, es de lo más frecuente. Varios de estos estereotipos, así como algunas estructuras propias del cuento de hadas también aparecen reflejados en Shrek (Adamson y Jenson, 2001), aunque sorprende ver que aquí estas herramientas se han utilizado como medio para transmitir precisamente un mensaje contrario al de los cuentos. Es interesante, por tanto, realizar un análisis más detenido de esta película para comprobar cuáles son los aspectos del relato que parten del cuento de hadas tradicional, cómo han sido utilizados estos para llegar a un mensaje distinto, así como cuáles de los recursos habituales han sido sustituidos por su opuesto.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Comunicación Audiovisua

Keep swimming : Dory female traveler of Pixar

En el cine de animación de Pixar los personajes femeninos han sido habitualmente relegados a un segundo plano, funcionando en su mayor parte como meros acompañantes del protagonista masculino. También Dory, en quien se centra este estudio, fue inicialmente concebida como acompañante, pero logró despertar tal interés en el espectador que Pixar decidió que necesitaba protagonizar una película propia. Este personaje cuenta además con un rasgo distintivo adicional que la convierte en más excepcional aún, pues se trata de una mujer pez discapacitada. Dory evoluciona de Buscando a Nemo (Finding Nemo, Andrew Stanton y Lee Unkrich, 2003) a Buscando a Dory (Finding Dory, Andrew Stanton y Angus MacLane, 2016), de modo que este segundo viaje por el océano ha de entenderse no sólo y de nuevo como un camino hacia el propio descubrimiento, sino que además sugiere al espectador que cualquier meta es posible aún, contando con impedimentos importantes, si se confía suficientemente en uno mismo.In Pixar’s animated films, female characters have been routinely relegated to the background, functioning for the most part as mere companions to the male protagonist. Dory, on whom this study focuses, was also initially conceived as a companion, but managed to arouse such interest in the audience that Pixar decided that she needed to star in a movie of her own. This character also has an additional distinctive feature that makes her even more exceptional, since she is a disabled fish woman. Dory evolves from Finding Nemo (Andrew Stanton, and Lee Unkrich, 2003) to Finding Dory (Andrew Stanton, and Angus MacLane, 2016), so this second ocean voyage has to be understood not only and again as a path to self-discovery, but also suggests to the spectator that any goal is possible, even with significant impediments, if you trust yourself enough.Fil: Maldonado Parra, Mireia. Universidad de Sevill

Risk factors for infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: an international matched case-control-control study (EURECA)

Cases were patients with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), complicated intraabdominal (cIAI), pneumonia or bacteraemia from other sources (BSI-OS) due to CRE; control groups were patients with infection caused by carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacterales (CSE), and by non-infected patients, respectively. Matching criteria included type of infection for CSE group, ward and duration of hospital admission. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify risk factors. Findings Overall, 235 CRE case patients, 235 CSE controls and 705 non-infected controls were included. The CRE infections were cUTI (133, 56.7%), pneumonia (44, 18.7%), cIAI and BSI-OS (29, 12.3% each). Carbapenemase genes were found in 228 isolates: OXA-48/like, 112 (47.6%), KPC, 84 (35.7%), and metallo-beta-lactamases, 44 (18.7%); 13 produced two. The risk factors for CRE infection in both type of controls were (adjusted OR for CSE controls; 95% CI; p value) previous colonisation/infection by CRE (6.94; 2.74-15.53; <0.001), urinary catheter (1.78; 1.03-3.07; 0.038) and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics, as categorical (2.20; 1.25-3.88; 0.006) and time-dependent (1.04 per day; 1.00-1.07; 0.014); chronic renal failure (2.81; 1.40-5.64; 0.004) and admission from home (0.44; 0.23-0.85; 0.014) were significant only for CSE controls. Subgroup analyses provided similar results. Interpretation The main risk factors for CRE infections in hospitals with high incidence included previous coloni-zation, urinary catheter and exposure to broad spectrum antibiotics

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P &lt; 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

El papel de la mujer en el cine de animación de Pixar

Pixar is definitely considered one of the greatest role models in the current animated cinema scope, and that’s why it is dissapointing to see the lack of relevant female characters. It can be easily proved that most of the main characters are male and show patriarcal features. We hardly ever find a female main character, and it is the purpose of this article to evidence that even these ones usually represent traditional roles.Pixar es considerado sin duda alguna uno de los grandes referentes del cine de animación actual, por lo que debe lamentarse especialmente la escasez de personajes femeninos de relevancia en sus películas. Fácilmente se comprueba que la mayor parte de sus personajes principales pertenecen al género masculino y presentan además rasgos acusadamente patriarcales. Solo en contadas ocasiones el protagonismo de la película en cuestión es compartido por un personaje femenino, y, como este artículo pretende comprobar, también estos se hallan en su mayor parte sujetos a una representación que propone, aún en estos tiempos, roles más bien tradicionale

Characteristics and outcomes of an international cohort of 600 000 hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Background: We describe demographic features, treatments and clinical outcomes in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 cohort, one of the world's largest international, standardized data sets concerning hospitalized patients. Methods: The data set analysed includes COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January 2020 and January 2022 in 52 countries. We investigated how symptoms on admission, co-morbidities, risk factors and treatments varied by age, sex and other characteristics. We used Cox regression models to investigate associations between demographics, symptoms, co-morbidities and other factors with risk of death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Results: Data were available for 689 572 patients with laboratory-confirmed (91.1%) or clinically diagnosed (8.9%) SARS-CoV-2 infection from 52 countries. Age [adjusted hazard ratio per 10 years 1.49 (95% CI 1.48, 1.49)] and male sex [1.23 (1.21, 1.24)] were associated with a higher risk of death. Rates of admission to an ICU and use of IMV increased with age up to age 60&nbsp;years then dropped. Symptoms, co-morbidities and treatments varied by age and had varied associations with clinical outcomes. The case-fatality ratio varied by country partly due to differences in the clinical characteristics of recruited patients and was on average 21.5%. Conclusions: Age was the strongest determinant of risk of death, with a ∼30-fold difference between the oldest and youngest groups; each of the co-morbidities included was associated with up to an almost 2-fold increase in risk. Smoking and obesity were also associated with a higher risk of death.&nbsp;The size of our international database and the standardized data collection method make this study a comprehensive international description of COVID-19 clinical features. Our findings may inform strategies that involve prioritization of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who have a higher risk of death

The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response: lessons from ISARIC

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