8 research outputs found
Narrative Review of Nimesulide in Adults: Current Scenario
Nimesulide, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has been used as an effective treatment regimen for patients aged >12 years for fever, acute pain, acute tendinitis, osteoarthritis and dysmenorrhea. It is reported to be a superior antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug than paracetamol and aspirin, respectively, and is equal to any of the NSAIDs alone in terms of analgesia. This paper reviews the current scenario of nimesulide in adult patients, concerning clinical evidence, use in special population and expert opinion. Overall, in comparison to other NSAIDs, including coxibs, nimesulide has a promising overall efficacy, safety and tolerability profile, as well as a satisfactory benefit/risk evaluation
Aggregation of Carbocyanine Dyes in Choline Chloride-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents in the Presence of an Aqueous Base
Deep eutectic solvents
(DESs) have shown potential as novel media
to support molecular aggregation. The self-aggregation behavior of
two common and popular carbocyanine dyes, 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′-diethyl-3,3′-di(4-sulfobutyl)-benzimidazole
carbocyanine (TDBC) and 5,5′-dichloro-3,3′-di(3-sulfopropyl)-9-methyl-benzothiacarbo
cyanine (DMTC), is investigated within DES-based systems under ambient
conditions. Although TDBC is known to form J-aggregates in basic aqueous
solution, DMTC forms H-aggregates under similar conditions. The DESs
used, glyceline and reline, are composed of salt choline chloride
and two vastly different H-bond donors, glycerol and urea, respectively,
in 1:2 mol ratios. Both DESs in the presence of base are found to
support J-aggregates of TDBC. These fluorescent J-aggregates are characterized
by small Stokes’ shifts and subnanosecond fluorescence lifetimes.
Under similar conditions, DMTC forms fluorescent H-aggregates along
with J-aggregates within the two DES-based systems. The addition of
cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium
bromide (CTAB) below its critical micelle concentration (cmc) to a
TDBC solution of aqueous base-added glyceline shows the prominent
presence of J-aggregates, and increasing the CTAB concentration to
above cmc results in the disruption of J-aggregates and the formation
of unprecedented H-aggregates. DMTC exclusively forms H-aggregates
within a CTAB solution of aqueous base-added glyceline irrespective
of the surfactant concentration. Anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate
(SDS), present below its cmc within aqueous base-added DESs supports
J-aggregation by TDBC; for similar SDS addition, DMTC forms H-aggregates
within the glyceline-based system whereas both H- and J-aggregates
exist within the reline-based system. A comparison of the carbocyanine
dye behavior in various aqueous base-added DES systems to that in
aqueous basic media reveals contrasting aggregation tendencies and/or
efficiencies. Surfactants as additives are demonstrated to control
and modulate carbocyanine dye self-aggregation within DES-based media.
The unique nature of DESs as alternate media toward affecting cyanine
dye aggregation is highlighted
Self-Aggregation of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate within (Choline Chloride + Urea) Deep Eutectic Solvent
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have
shown tremendous promise as
green solvents with low toxicity and cost. Understanding molecular
aggregation processes within DESs will not only enhance the application
potential of these solvents but also help alleviate some of the limitations
associated with them. Among DESs, those comprising choline chloride
and appropriate hydrogen-bond donors are inexpensive and easy to prepare.
On the basis of fluorescence probe, electrical conductivity, and surface
tension experiments, we present the first clear lines of evidence
for self-aggregation of an anionic surfactant within a DES containing
a small fraction of water. Namely, well-defined assemblies of sodium
dodecyl sulfate (SDS) apparently form in the archetype DES Reline
comprising a 1:2 molar mixture of choline chloride and urea. Significant
enhancement in the solubility of organic solvents that are otherwise
not miscible in choline chloride-based DESs is achieved within Reline
in the presence of SDS. The remarkably improved solubility of cyclohexane
within SDS-added Reline is attributed to the presence of spontaneously
formed cyclohexane-in-Reline microemulsions by SDS under ambient conditions.
Surface tension, dynamic light scattering (DLS), small-angle X-ray
scattering (SAXS), density, and dynamic viscosity measurements along
with responses from the fluorescence dipolarity and microfluidity
probes of pyrene and 1,3-bis(1-pyrenyl)propane are employed to characterize
these aggregates. Such water-free oil-in-DES microemulsions are appropriately
sized to be considered as a new type of nanoreactor
Management of trochanteric fractures of the femur with external fixation in high-risk patients
The aim of this prospective study was to assess the outcome of trochanteric fractures of the femur after external fixation in a group of elderly patients with high surgical risk. The study population consisted of 50 patients with trochanteric fractures of the femur and a mean age of 87 years who were classified by an anaesthetist as ASA 3 or 4 and considered not suitable for conventional fractures fixation. The fracture was fixed with an external fixator under spinal anaesthesia. The final follow-up was at 12 months. All fractures healed within 12 weeks. Superficial pin tract infection occurred in 30 patients, and fracture united with a shortening of 14 mm (5–20) in 12 patients. No implant failures or limitation of knee movements were recorded. Five patients died within 1 year. External fixation is a valuable treatment alternative for trochanteric fracture of the femur in elderly patients