Sociocultural Aspects of Disorders of Sex Development

Disorders of sex development (DSD) is a congenital condition in which the help-seeking behavior for medical treatments, attitudes toward medical development of chromosomes, gonads, hormones, and reproductive treatment, religious beliefs, and values concerning marriage and fertility. The structures are atypical. DSD brings with it a psychological impact on the involvement of social scientists is needed to study sociocultural aspects of affected individual and their families. The consensus statement on DSD from more diverse cultures, to help affected individuals and their families management of DSD strongly advised an integrated and multidisciplinary in gaining better social acceptance. Key words: culture; socio-cultural; genital anomalies; disorders of sex development; and making decisions with regard to gender assignment or reassignment, stigm

REPRESENTASI PERISTIWA DAN AKTOR DALAM KASUS FERDY SAMBO PADA KORAN TEMPO: ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS BERBASIS KORPUS

The murder case of Yosua Hutabarat involving high-ranking National Police officer Ferdy Sambo has attracted the attention of the public and the mass media, including Koran Tempo. This article aims to explain Koran Tempo's ideology by representing incident and actors featured in news stories about the Ferdy Sambo case in Koran Tempo using Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis and corpus-based approaches. The research results show that the news about the Ferdy Sambo case in Koran Tempo tends to side with the victim or Yosua Hutabarat. This can be seen from the large number of uses of passive sentences to represent the victim and active sentences to represent the perpetrator as the main actor in the murder. This article argues that using sentences and words in the media through formed discourse can construct reality and social phenomena and influence society to side with certain ideologies or values ​​espoused by the media.Kasus pembunuhan Yosua Hutabarat yang melibatkan petinggi Polri Ferdy Sambo telah menjadi perhatian publik dan media massa, termasuk Koran Tempo. Artikel ini bertujuan menjelaskan ideologi Koran Tempo melalui representasi peristiwa dan aktor yang ditampilkan dalam berita-berita tentang kasus Ferdy Sambo di Koran Tempo menggunakan pendekatan analisis wacana kritis Norman Fairclough dan berbasis korpus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berita-berita tentang kasus Ferdy Sambo di Koran Tempo cenderung memihak pada korban atau Yosua Hutabarat. Hal itu dapat dilihat dari banyaknya penggunaan kalimat pasif untuk merepresentasikan korban dan kalimat aktif untuk merepresentasikan pelaku sebagai aktor utama pembunuhan. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa penggunaan kalimat dan kata-kata di media melalui wacana yang dibentuk dapat mengonstruksi realitas dan fenomena sosial serta memengaruhi masyarakat untuk berpihak pada ideologi atau nilai tertentu yang dianut sebuah media.&nbsp

Effect of Mangosteen Peel Extract on SGOT and SGPT in Rats Fed Reused Cooking Oil

Background: Free radicals that enter the body due to consumption of reused cooking oil can cause liver cell damage. Mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L) is known to contain mangostin as an ntioxidant. However, it is not known whether it can repair liver damage.Objective: To deter mine the ef fect of mangosteen peel extract on the levels of SGOT and SGPT of Wistar rats fed with reused cooking oil.the ef fect of mangosteen peel extract on the levels of SGOT and SGPT of Wistar rats fed with reused cooking oil.Methods: This study was a tr ue experimental study with post-test only controlled group design. Twenty four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups randomly. The CN-G group was given the standard diet, the MJ-G group was given a standard diet and cooking oil, the MJM- 400 group was given standard diet, reused cooking oil, and mangosteen peel extract at a dose of 400 mg/KgBW, and the MJM-800 group was fed with a standard, reused cooking oil, and mangosteen peel extract at 800mg/KgBW. The treatment was car ried out for 28 days, and then continued with examination of reused cooking oil, and mangosteen peel extract at 800mg/KgBW. The treatment was car ried out for 28 days, and then continued with examination of SGOT and SGPT levels using the Inter national Federation of Clinical Chemistr y (IFCC) method without Pyridoxal Phosphate 37ºC.Results: Kr uskal Walis test showed that SGOT and SGPT levels showed no signif icant dif ferences between groups (p = 0.197 and 0.063, respectively).Conclusion: administration of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) peel extract did not af fect SGOT levels, even tended to increase SGPT levels in ratsinduced by cooking oil.Background: Free radicals that enter the body due to consumption of reused cooking oil can cause liver cell damage. Mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L) is known to contain mangostin as an antioxidant. However, it is not known whether it can repair liver damage.Objective: To determine the effect of mangosteen peel extract on the levels of SGOT and SGPT of Wistar rats fed with reused cooking oil.Methods: This study was a true experimental study with post-test only controlled group design. Twenty four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups randomly. The CN-G group was given the standard diet, the MJ-G group was given a standard diet and cooking oil, the MJM-400 group was given standard diet, reused cooking oil, and mangosteen peel extract at a dose of 400 mg/KgBW, and the MJM-800 group was fed with a standard, reused cooking oil, and mangosteen peel extract at 800mg/KgBW. The treatment was carried out for 28 days, and then continued with examination of SGOT and SGPT levels using the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC) method without Pyridoxal Phosphate 37⁰C.Results: Kruskal Walis test showed that SGOT and SGPT levels showed no significant differences between groups (p = 0.197 and 0.063, respectively).Conclusion: administration of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) peel extract did not affect SGOT levels, even tended to increase SGPT levels in rats induced by cooking oil.

Analisis Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Kontekstual pada Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar Ditinjau dari Teori Nolting

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan serta menganalisis jenis-jenis kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal kontekstual pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar dan mengetahui faktor penyebabnya. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Al-Ahyar Sukaratu, dengan mengambil subjek kelas VIII A sebanyak 9 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah soal tes kontekstual matematika berupa 3 soal esai. Teknik pengumpulan data berasal dari hasil jawaban tes tulis dan hasil wawancara siswa. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif, dengan langkah-langkahnya yaitu kondensasi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai upaya meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam pemecahan masalah kontekstual pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh informasi bahwa terdapat 6 jenis kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal kontekstual berdasarkan Teori Nolting, dengan persentase untuk setiap jenis kesalahan yaitu kesalahan membaca petunjuk 40,74%, kesalahan kecerobohan 44,44%, kesalahan konsep 29,62%, kesalahan penerapan 37,03%, kesalahan saat tes 77,77%, dan kesalahan belajar 44,44%. Secara umum, faktor penyebab siswa melakukan kesalahan yaitu siswa jarang mengerjakan latihan soal kontekstual, siswa lebih menekankan hafalan rumus daripada pemahaman konsep serta siswa kurang memperdalam materi. Solusi untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, yaitu sering melakukan latihan soal yang bersifat kontekstual, memahami konsep materi yang diajarkan dari berbagai sumber terpercaya

Pemanfaatan Bioflok dari Limbah Budidaya Lele Dumbo (Clarias Gariepinus) sebagai Pakan Nila (Oreochromis Niloticus)

Lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) merupakan jenis ikan air tawar yang mudah dibudidayakan secara intensif. Limbah dari budidaya lele dumbo dapat berdampak pada penurunan kualitas air tetapi dapat digunakan sebagai sumber media tumbuh organisme yang bermanfaat sebagai pakan alami ikan. Teknologi bioflok merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam efisiensi pakan dan penyangga kualitas air dalam akuakultur yang diadaptasi dari teknik pengolahan limbah domestik secara konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penambahan bioflok sebagai pakan alami dari limbah budidaya lele dumbo terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap, dengan empat perlakuan (penambahan bioflok sebanyak 0, 5, 10 dan 15 ml/l) dan tiga kali ulangan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan benih nila berukuran 2-3 cm yang dipelihara dengan akuarium berukuran 40 x 30 x 30 cm. Parameter dalam penelitian meliputi suhu, pH, amonia, laju pertumbuhan harian dan kelangsungan hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penambahan bioflok tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup nila. Kisaran laju pertumbuhan nila 0,21- 0,24 g/hari dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup nila 57-88%. Hasil pengukuran parameter kualitas air untuk suhu pagi berkisar 26– 27oC sedangkan pada sore hari berkisar 27- 28oC, pH relatif stabil pada kisaran 6, sedangkan kandungan amonia terjadi peningkatan pada akhir penelitian pada setiap perlakuan

PENGARUH EKSTRAK TOMAT (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) TERHADAP KADAR GLUTATION (GSH) DARAH TIKUS WISTAR HIPERURISEMIA

Latar Belakang : Hiperurisemia menyebabkan kerusakan membran sel seperti sel hepar dan ginjal akibat reaksi berantai peroksidase lipid. Kerusakan tersebut menimbulkan peningkatan kadar stress oksidatif. Tomat mengandung likopen dan flavonoid yang berperan sebagai antioksidan, sehingga dapat mengoptimalkan kinerja glutation (GSH) dalam tubuh. Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak tomat (Lycopersicon esculelntum Mill.) terhadap kadar GSH darah tikus wistar hiperurisemia. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian True Experimental dengan rancangan Post Test Only Control Group Design. Sampel sebanyak 24 ekor tikus wistar jantan yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, diadaptasi selama 7 hari, diberi pakan dan minum standar. Kelompok K1 tidak diberi perlakuan, Kelompok K2 diberi pakan dan minum standar, hati ayam, dan potasium oksonat. Kelompok P1 diberi pakan dan minum standar, hati ayam, potasium oksonat, dan ekstrak tomat 1 mg/200grBB/hari. Kelompok P2 diberi pakan dan minum standar, hati ayam, potasium oksonat, dan ekstrak tomat 1,5 mg/200grBB/hari. Ekstrak tomat diberikan mulai hari ke-21 sampai ke-35. Pada hari ke-36, sampel darah diambil di retroorbita kemudian diterminasi. Plasma darah kemudian dianalisis untuk mengetahui kadar GSH. Hasil : Kadar GSH pada kelompok K1 = 154 ± 21,9 μg/ml; K2 = 228 ± 30,3 μg/ml; P1= 193 ± 21,5 μg/ml; dan P2= 176 ± 23,9 μg/ml. Simpulan : Pemberian ekstrak tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) menurunkan kadar GSH darah tikus wistar hiperurisemia dan secara statistik didapatkan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna. Kata Kunci : ekstrak tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), kadar GSH, hiperurisemi

Pemanfaatan Bioflok Dari Limbah Budidaya Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) Sebagai Pakan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus)

Lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) merupakan jenis ikan air tawar yang mudah dibudidayakan secara intensif. Limbah dari budidaya lele dumbo dapat berdampak pada penurunan kualitas air tetapi dapat digunakan sebagai sumber media tumbuh organisme yang bermanfaat sebagai pakan alami ikan. Teknologi bioflok merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam efisiensi pakan dan penyangga kualitas air dalam akuakultur yang diadaptasi dari teknik pengolahan limbah domestik secara konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penambahan bioflok sebagai pakan alami dari limbah budidaya lele dumbo terhadap pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup  nila  (Oreochromis niloticus). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap, dengan empat perlakuan (penambahan bioflok sebanyak 0, 5, 10 dan 15 ml/l) dan tiga kali ulangan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan benih nila  berukuran 2-3 cm yang dipelihara dengan akuarium berukuran 40 x 30 x 30 cm. Parameter dalam penelitian meliputi suhu, pH, amonia, laju pertumbuhan harian dan kelangsungan hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penambahan bioflok tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup nila.  Kisaran laju pertumbuhan nila 0,21- 0,24 g/hari dan  tingkat kelangsungan hidup nila 57-88%. Hasil pengukuran parameter kualitas air untuk suhu pagi berkisar  26– 27oC sedangkan pada sore hari berkisar 27- 28oC, pH relatif stabil pada kisaran 6, sedangkan kandungan amonia terjadi peningkatan pada akhir penelitian pada setiap perlakuan

Asupan protein, zink, dan defisiensi zink pada santriwati underweight

Protein intake, zinc intake, and zinc deficiency in underweight female students attending Islamic Boarding School in IndonesiaBackground: One of the nutritional issues in Indonesia is underweight. Groups of teenage girls tend to have underweight especially female students (santriwati) who live far from their parents. It happens due to a lack of macronutrients and micronutrients, zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency impacts are reproductive disorders, stunted growth, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Objective: Analyzing the differences in zinc levels, protein, and zinc intakes between female students with underweight and normal nutritional status. Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design in Askhabul Kahfi Islamic Boarding School with 24 underweight female students selected by consecutive sampling and 24 normal nutritional status female students were selected by matching techniques based on age. Data included nutritional status assessed by BMI for age z-score, protein and zinc intakes assessed by Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire, and zinc levels were tested using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The data analyses used Mann-Whitney test. Results: Underweight female students had lower average protein intake than normal nutritional status female students (52.20±25.06 and 75.52±23.19 grams) as well as zinc intake (4.63±1.22 and 7.51±1.94 grams). Protein and zinc intake were significantly different, but the two groups did not differ in zinc levels. All subjects had a normal zinc level of 100%. Conclusions: There was a difference in protein and zinc intake between underweight and normal nutritional female students (p<0.001), while the zinc levels were not found any differences (p=0.773)

Cigarette Smoke Exposure, but Not High Fat Diet, is Able to Induce Atherosclerosis in Wild-Type Rats

Background: High-fat diet (HFD) and cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) have been used to induce atherosclerosis in wild-type (WT) rats however, their effectivity remains unclear.Objective: To confirm and compare the effectivity of HFD and CSE on both the histopathology of aorta and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in WT rats.Methods: Thirty-six WT Wistar rats were divided into four main groups (K0, K1, K2, and K3) and four subgroups (K3A, K3B, K3C, and K3D). The negative control group (K0) was fed with regular diet. Group K1 was treated with an intravenous adrenaline followed by high-fat diet (HFD), K2 was fed with regular diet and given CSE, while K3 was treated with a combination of CSE and HFD. The serum and cardiac MDA levels were measured using ELISA. Hematoxylin eosin and oil red O staining of aorta were done for measuring of the intima-media thickness (IMT) ratio and for counting of foam cells, respectively. Results: Both serum and cardiac tissue MDA levels in either K1, K2, or K3 were significant higher (p<0.01) than that of in K0. IMT ratio in K3 was significant higher compared to other groups (p<0.01). Foam cell numbers were significant higher in K2 and K3 groups than that of in either K0 or K1 (p<0.01).Conclusion: While the HFD fails to induce atherosclerosis in WT rats for 28 days, either CSE or combination of CSE and HFD is able to induce it, and the combination is better than alone.