Habitabilidad: desafío en diseño arquitectónico

Con este ensayo, producto de un trabajo más amplio de investigación en materia de habitabilidad urbana, se propone buscar y analizar la habitabilidad como proceso de diseño desde la visión del oriundo de la ciudad. Por tanto, es pertinente reconocer la participación de éste como actor en el diseño a través de la prefiguración, configuración y refiguración de los objetos urbano-arquitectónicos en el territorio. En el contexto del arquitecto, específicamente en el espacio urbano, se manifiesta la relación naturaleza-hombre-diseño en la concurrencia de los actores como práctica humana en el espacio habitable. Reflexión que se propone a partir del análisis y contrastación en la mirada de Edgar Morín, Paul Ricoeur y Francisco Irygoyen Castillo. Se parte del concepto de que el diseño urbano-arquitectónico no se agota en una mera cuestión formal funcional, sino se extiende al reconocimiento de las necesidades humanas en el ámbito social y cultural, así como en las estructuras y formas de organización entre seres humanos que viven y hacen ciudad. Lo esencial del diseño de objetos arquitectónicos que hacen ciudad refiere su origen a la necesidad de entender el ambiente humano como escenario de múltiples movilidades que deambulan en el contexto de la habitabilidad como concepto que priva en las relaciones humanas. Actualmente, para quienes experimentamos el campo de conocimiento del diseño, nos movemos en una etapa de hiperespecialización y crisis mundial saturada de contradicciones y alternativas emergentes dispuestas en paralelo a nivel local y global. De ahí que resulta pertinente plantear el desafío de las implicaciones de la habitabilidad en el contexto del diseño urbano-arquitectónico actual para estar en posibilidad de crear otras alterativas de diseño.Con este ensayo, producto de un trabajo más amplio de investigación en materia de habitabilidad urbana, se propone buscar y analizar la habitabilidad como proceso de diseño desde la visión del oriundo de la ciudad. Por tanto, es pertinente reconocer la participación de éste como actor en el diseño a través de la prefiguración, configuración y refiguración de los objetos urbano-arquitectónicos en el territorio. En el contexto del arquitecto, específicamente en el espacio urbano, se manifiesta la relación naturaleza-hombre-diseño en la concurrencia de los actores como práctica humana en el espacio habitable. Reflexión que se propone a partir del análisis y contrastación en la mirada de Edgar Morín, Paul Ricoeur y Francisco Irygoyen Castillo. Se parte del concepto de que el diseño urbano-arquitectónico no se agota en una mera cuestión formal funcional, sino se extiende al reconocimiento de las necesidades humanas en el ámbito social y cultural, así como en las estructuras y formas de organización entre seres humanos que viven y hacen ciudad. Lo esencial del diseño de objetos arquitectónicos que hacen ciudad refiere su origen a la necesidad de entender el ambiente humano como escenario de múltiples movilidades que deambulan en el contexto de la habitabilidad como concepto que priva en las relaciones humanas. Actualmente, para quienes experimentamos el campo de conocimiento del diseño, nos movemos en una etapa de hiperespecialización y crisis mundial saturada de contradicciones y alternativas emergentes dispuestas en paralelo a nivel local y global. De ahí que resulta pertinente plantear el desafío de las implicaciones de la habitabilidad en el contexto del diseño urbano-arquitectónico actual para estar en posibilidad de crear otras alterativas de diseño

Sustentabilidad organizacional en Pymes familiares restauranteras de La Jonquera en Cataluña, España

El rol de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (Pymes) familiares en la economía de un país indica la importancia para ellas de ser organizacionalmente susten-tables. En el presente artículo se identifican las manifestaciones de sustentabili-dad organizacional en la capacidad del líder, como principal stakeholder, para la generación de recursos. Se realizó un estudio con trece Pymes familiares restauranteras en la ciudad de La Jonquera, Cataluña, por medio de un cues-tionario aplicado a 50 stakeholders y 9 entrevistas a profundidad con líderes de dichas empresas. Los resultados muestran que la sustentabilidad organiza-cional se encuentra manifiesta en el pensamiento de los stakeholders mediante el análisis cuantitativo de la prueba ANOVA, así como también en el análisis cualitativo de las entrevistas a profundidad. Estos hallazgos pueden ser de uti-lidad para los empresarios, al constatar la necesidad de generar recursos en la empresa para alcanzar su sustentabilidad organizacional

Morphological convergence in a Mexican garter snake associated with the ingestion of a novel prey

Morphological convergence is expected when organisms which differ in phenotype experience similar functional demands, which lead to similar associations between resource utilization and performance. To consume prey with hard exoskeletons, snakes require either specialized head morphology, or to deal with them when they are vulnerable, for example, during molting. Such attributes may in turn reduce the efficiency with which they prey on soft-bodied, slippery animals such as fish. Snakes which consume a range of prey may present intermediate morphology, such as that of Thamnophiine (Natricinae), which may be classified morphometrically across the soft–hard prey dietary boundary. In this study, we compared the dentition and head structure of populations of Thamnophis melanogaster that have entered the arthropod–crustacean (crayfish)-eating niche and those that have not, and tested for convergence between the former and two distantly related crayfish specialists of the genus Regina (R. septemvittata and R. grahamii). As a control, we included the congener T. eques. Multivariate analysis of jaw length, head length, head width, and number of maxillary teeth yielded three significant canonical variables that together explained 98.8% of the variance in the size-corrected morphological data. The first canonical variable significantly discriminated between the three species. The results show that head dimensions and number of teeth of the two Regina species are more similar to those of crayfish-eating T. melanogaster than to non-crayfish- eating snakes or of T. eques. It is unclear how particular head proportions or teeth number facilitates capture of crayfish, but our results and the rarity of soft crayfish ingestion by T. melanogaster may reflect the novelty of this niche expansion, and are consistent with the hypothesis that some populations of T. melanogaster have converged in their head morphology with the two soft crayfish-eating Regina species, although we cannot rule out the possibility of a morphological pre-adaptation to ingest crayfish.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México: 2865/2010 and 2663/201

Diseño de un tablero de mando integral para el sistema de gestión integrado de la empresa Gonalva SAS

El tablero de mando integral, es una herramienta gerencial el cual tiene como objetivo principal la entrega de datos cuantificables sobre el nivel de cumplimiento de los objetivos estratégicos de la organización, así como el desarrollo de sus procesos, de este modo para GONALVA SAS, una organización fundada por el Ing. Daniel Jesus Gonzalez Alvarez, dedicada a la realización de proyectos en ingenierías y consultorías, en el municipio de Puerto Wilches, Santander se diseñó un tablero de mando integral, mediante el análisis de su contexto organizacional, el diseño del mismo y la formulación de indicadores de gestión, los cuales fueron determinados según la naturaleza de la misma. La organización actualmente establece estrategias para el mejoramiento continuo de sus procesos, de este modo se encuentra en busca de una futura certificación en las NTCISO 9001 Requisitos de los Sistemas de Gestión de Calidad, NTCISO 45001, Sistema de gestión en seguridad y salud ocupacional, NTCISO 14001 Sistema de Gestión Ambiental, con el fin de destacarse en el mercado laboral y competitivo. Su enfoque a la calidad total, permite que la alta dirección tenga una afinidad para la implementación de diversas estrategias direccionadas al desarrollo y crecimiento de la organización, mediante la entrega de resultados tangibles y cuantificables, aportando insumos influyentes para la toma de decisiones, obtenidos mediante el diseño de un Tablero de Mando Integral que permita tener una visión clara de los resultados de cada uno de los procesos. Palabras claves: Indicadores, gestión, medición, auditoria, proceso, procedimiento, sistema, tabular, estandarización.The integral dashboard is a management tool which has as its main objective the delivery of quantifiable data on the level of compliance with the strategic objectives of the organization, as well as the development of its processes, in this way for GONALVA SAS, an organization founded by Eng. Daniel Jesus Gonzalez Alvarez, dedicated to the realization of projects in engineering and consulting, in the municipality of Puerto Wilches, Santander, a comprehensive dashboard was designed, through the analysis of its organizational context, its design and the formulation of management indicators, which were determined according to the nature of it. The organization currently establishes strategies for the continuous improvement of its processes, in this way it is looking for a future certification in the NTCISO 9001 Requirements of Quality Management Systems, NTCISO 45001, Management System in occupational health and safety, NTCISO 14001 Environmental Management System, in order to stand out in the labor and competitive market. Its approach to total quality allows senior management to have an affinity for the implementation of various strategies aimed at the development and growth of the organization, through the delivery of tangible and quantifiable results, providing influential inputs for decision making, obtained through the design of a Comprehensive Dashboard that allows to have a clear vision of the results of each of the processes. Keywords: Indicators, management, measurement, audit, process, procedure, system, table, standardization

Congenital feeding response to a novel prey in a Mexican gartersnake.

Articulo de investigación científica publicado en revista indizadaIn this study, we explored chemosensory, ingestive and prey-catching responses of neonate Mexican Black-bellied Gartersnakes (Thamnophis melanogaster) to crayfish (Cambarellus montezumae). By comparing snakes from a recently discovered crayfisheating population and a typical non-crayfish-eating population, we asked which behavioral components change as a species enlarges its feeding niche. In the crayfisheating population chemosensory responsiveness to crayfish was not enhanced but its heritability was higher. Neonates of both populations showed similar preference for freshly-molted versus unmolted crayfish, and whereas the tendency to ingest both crayfish stages remained stable between ages 15 and 90 days in the non-crayfisheating population, in the crayfish-eating population it actually decreased. Techniques to catch and manipulate molted crayfish were similar in the two populations. We discuss the possibility that there is no increase in the behavioral response to eat crayfish by the neonates of the crayfish-eating populations, possibly due to the absence of ecological and spatial isolation between the two T. melanogaster populations. The crayfish ingestion in some population of T. melanogaster can be explained by environmental differences between populations, or by recent origin of crayfish ingestion in T. melanogaster.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (3589/2013SF, 4047/2016SF, 4865/2019SF)

Fueling Plankton Production By a Meandering Frontal Jet: A Case Study For The Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean)

A three dimensional biophysical model is employed to investigate the biological impacts of a meandering frontal jet for which the Alboran Sea of the Western Mediterranean is considered as a case study. The jet is characterized by relatively low density Atlantic water mass issuing from the Gibraltar Strait within the upper 100 m. It flows eastward as a highly nonlinear meandering current around the western and the eastern anticyclonic gyres prior to its attachment to the North African shelf/slope topography of the Algerian basin. Its inherent nonlinearity leads to the development of strong ageostrophic cross-frontal circulation that supplies nutrients into the nutrient-starved euphotic layer and stimulates an effective phytoplankton growth along the jet. The production intensity is strongest in the western basin and decreases eastwards with the gradual weakening of the jet. The stronger production intensity at the subsurface levels suggests the Alboran Sea is likely more productive than envisaged by the satellite chlorophyll data. The Mediterranean water mass away from the jet as well as the interior of the western and eastern anticyclonic gyres remain poorly productive.JRC.H.1-Water Resource

Green façades and in situ measurements of outdoor building thermal behaviour

Using green façades in large cities with hot climates has been introduced in the search for more sustainable solutions for urban development. This paper presents the data collected in situ and quantifies the thermal external behaviour of a green wall and a bare one in the same surrounding environment in the city centre of Madrid, Spain. The methodological approach helps to assess the impacts of both walls on the variation of the urban temperature range at the microclimate scale in accordance with environmental physical data at different seasons and times of the day. In the summer campaign, the maximum values of air temperature reduction as measured in situ range between 2.5 °C and 2.9 °C which confirmed the values of various other studies using similar measurements. In the autumn campaign, the maximum values were half of the ones obtained for the summer, not exceeding 1.5 °C. However, these values increased after calculating similar conditions of sunlight in both façades. This comparative analysis of the experimental results on a green wall and a bare wall demonstrates that green façades can have a significant temperature reduction potential in the surrounding microclimate.The authors are grateful to the European Union Erasmusþ Program for funding the Portuguese researchers' trips and visits to Madrid

Energy Expenditure Performing Hands-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation During Average Emergency Response Times

Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) by civilian responders is a critical aspect in the survival of cardiac arrest patients. According to the American Red Cross (ARC), the average response time to a 911 call is 8-12 min. High-quality CPR performed as soon as possible following cardiac arrest considerably increases a person’s chances of survival and recovery. It is possible that fatigue may decrease CPR quality, and to date no data exists on the metabolic cost of preforming hands-only CPR. PURPOSE: To determine the energy expenditure of performing hands-only CPR during the average emergency response time. METHODS: Eight college-aged participants (23.6 ± 4.6 years) with a current CPR certification from the ARC or American Heart Association (AHA) volunteered for the study. Anthropometric measurements were collected, participants were then fitted with a heart rate (HR) monitor. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure oxygen consumption and caloric expenditure during hands-only CPR for the minimum 8-minute response time. Participants were instructed to provide hands-only CPR to a manikin at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute with a metronome (110 bpm) providing pacing. Descriptive statistics (mean ± SD) were evaluated for peak HR, peak metabolic equivalents (MET), estimated maximal HR, percent of maximal HR and caloric expenditure (kcals). RESULTS: Participants expended 33.3 ± 13.7 kcals when performing hands-only CPR for 8 minutes. Further, participants provided compressions at an intensity of 5.7 ± 1.5 METs. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the metabolic cost of performing hands-only CPR for the minimum 8-minute response time is comparable to the energy expenditure of a very brisk walk. One of the common reasons to discontinue CPR is that the responder is too exhausted to continue. The results of our study suggest it is unlikely that cardiorespiratory fatigue is the primary cause of exhaustion. Therefore, future research should aim to measure the energy expenditure of hands-only CPR to volitional exhaustion and identify perceived sources of fatigue

Approach to integrate product conceptual design information into a computer-aided design system

Commercial computer-aided design systems support the geometric definition of product, but they lack utilities to support initial design stages. Typical tasks such as customer need capture, functional requirement formalization, or design parameter definition are conducted in applications that, for instance, support ?quality function deployment? and ?failure modes and effects analysis? techniques. Such applications are noninteroperable with the computer-aided design systems, leading to discontinuous design information flows. This study addresses this issue and proposes a method to enhance the integration of design information generated in the early design stages into a commercial computer-aided design system. To demonstrate the feasibility of the approach adopted, a prototype application was developed and two case studies were executed