Immediately and Early Restored and Loaded Single Dental Implants after Immediate and Early Implantations in Anterior and Posterior Regions -Case Reports

Tradicionalno prihvaćenim protokolom za postizanje oseointegracije prihvaća se da razdoblje cijeljenja bez opterećenja iznosi 4 do 6 mjeseci - a uveli su ga Bränemark i suradnici 1977. godine. Kao rezultat dotjeranih protokola, optimiziranog dizajna usatka i ostalih površinskih obilježja, danas je moguće postići da razdoblje cijeljenja bude kraće. Nekoliko autora navodi da je stopa uspjeha pri postavljanju imedijatnih implantata križno stabiliziranih bilo krutom prečkom ili fiksnom privremenom protezom usporediva s onom pri konvencionalnom postavljanju usatka. Danas se u sve više radova i prikaza slučajeva iznose rezultati postavljanja imedijatnih i rano opterećenih usatka pojedinačnih zuba u anteriornim i posteriornim područjima. U ovom prikazu slučajeva iznosimo rezultate postavljanje imedijatnih i ranih implantata te ranih i imedijatnih protetičkih restoracija (imedijatni, funkcijski neopterećeni) implantata pojedinačnih zuba u anteriornim i posteriornim područjima. Pri ranoj i imedijatnoj restoraciji zubnih usadaka i dalje je bitan pažljiv odabir pacijenata i planiranje liječenja. Premda tehnika imedijatnog i ranog opterećenja omogućava očuvanje mekog i tvrdog tkiva, a pacijentu osigurava komfor i estetiku i pokazuje se uspješnom, nužno je duže razdoblje evaluacije postignutih rezultata i veća populacija pacijenata.A healing period of approximately 4 to 6 months without loading has been a traditionally accepted protocol for attaining osseointergration - introduced by Brånemark and coworkers in 1977. As a result of refined surgical protocols, an optimized implant design, and other surface characteristics, a shortened healing period is currently possible. The success rate of immediately loading of implants that are crossarch stabilized with either rigid bar or fixed provisional prosthesis is comparable to that of conventionally loaded implants according to several authors. Today more and more studies and case reports are presenting immediate and early loading of single-tooth implants in anterior and posterior regions. This case report presents immediate and early implantations and early and immediately prosthodontic restorations (immediate non-functional loading) on implants for a single tooth in anterior and posterior regions. With early and immediately restored dental implants careful patient selection and treatment planning remain significant. Although the immediate and early loading technique allows maintenance of soft and hard tissue, provides patient comfort and aesthetics, and has demonstrated success so far, a longer evaluation period with larger patient populations is needed

Simulated Data for Genomic Selection and Genome-Wide Association Studies Using a Combination of Coalescent and Gene Drop Methods

An approach is described for simulating data sequence, genotype, and phenotype data to study genomic selection and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The simulation method, implemented in a software package called AlphaDrop, can be used to simulate genomic data and phenotypes with flexibility in terms of the historical population structure, recent pedigree structure, distribution of quantitative trait loci effects, and with sequence and single nucleotide polymorphism-phased alleles and genotypes. Ten replicates of a representative scenario used to study genomic selection in livestock were generated and have been made publically available. The simulated data sets were structured to encompass a spectrum of additive quantitative trait loci effect distributions, relationship structures, and single nucleotide polymorphism chip densities

Early Clinical Results of Immediate Placement of Dental Implants into Extraction Sockets

Prvi objavljeni rad o postavljanju dentalnih usadaka odmah nakon ekstrakcije zuba datira iz 1978. godine. Od tada su objavljeni rezultati brojnih istraživanja i donesene su određene smjernice. Među prednosti takvog pristupa ubrajaju se smanjenje broja kirurških intervencija i skraćivanje vremena liječenja. Lakše se postiže primjerena orijentacija usatka, apsorpcija kosti je slabija, a može se očekivati i bolja estetika mekih tkiva. S druge strane, nepodudarnost između oblika tijela usatka i alveole ekstrahiranog zuba, te prisutnost infekcije mogu negativno utjecati na klinički ishod. Cilj našeg istraživanja bio je usporediti stope uspjeha i preživljenja između imedijatne implantacije i odgođene/kasnije implantacije. Obavljen je pregled dokumentacije o implantatima postavljenim od 1998. do 2005. godine na Kliničkom odjelu za maksilofacijalnu i oralnu kirurgiju u Ljubljani. Bilježeni su i obrađeni podatci o epidemiološkim obilježjima i stopama kliničkog uspjeha pri imedijatnoj implantaciji u odnosu na odgođenu/ kasniju implantaciju. Izvedena je ukupno 421 implantacija u 381 pacijenta te je postavljeno ukupno 911 usadaka. Od toga su 62 usatka bila medijatna. Opća stopa preživljenja iznosila je 98,5 %. Stopa preživljenja odgođenih/ kasnih usadaka iznosila je 98,5 % (836/849), a stopa preživljenja imedijatnih 98,4 % (61/62). Između dviju skupina uočene su određene razlike s obzirom na lokalizaciju usatka i na korištenje tehnika osteoplastike. Stopa preživljenja imedijatnih usadaka slična je stopi preživljenja kasnih/odgođenih usadaka. Izravna kirurška tehnika s temeljitim debridmanom alveole, korištenje postupaka vođene regeneracije kosti i sistemna primjena antibiotika nadmašuju povećani rizik od infekcije i gubitka usatka pri imedijatnoj implantaciji. Očekuje se da će estetski učinak pri imedijatnoj implantaciji biti nadmoćan onom pri odgođenoj/kasnijoj implantaciji te stoga pacijente treba ohrabrivati da se odlučuju za imedijatnu implantaciju.The first report on immediate placement of dental implants dates back to 1978. Since then, many studies have been published and some guidelines have been established. The advantages include reductions in the number of surgical interventions and in the treatment time required. Appropriate orientation of the implant is achived more easily, there is less bone resorption and better soft tissue aesthetics can be expected. On the other hand, incongruity between the shape of the implant body and the extraction socket and the presence infection may adversely affect clinical success. The goal of out study was to compare the success and survival rates of immediately palced implants to delayed and late implant placements. Review of all implants placed from 1998 to 2005 at the Clinical Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery in Ljubljana was performed. Epidemiological characteristics were recorded and clinical success rates for immediate versus delayed/late groups were calculated and compared. 421 implantation operations on 381 patients were performed and 911 dental implants were placed. Among them, 62 were immediate mplants. The general survival rate was 98.5%. Survival rate for the delayed/late palcements was 98.5% (836/849) and 98.4% (61/62) for the immediate group. There have been some differences regarding implant localisation and the use of osteoplastic procedures between the groups. Survival rate of immediately placed implants is similar to the late/delayed placed implants. Straightforward surgical technique with thorough debridement of the socket, use of guided bone regeneration procedures and systematic application of antibiotics outweights the increased risk infection and implant loss in immediate palcements. As soft tissue aesthetics are expected to be superior with immediate implants, this type of implantation should be encouraged with our patients

Plasma and Sol-Gel Technology for Creating Nanostructured Surfaces of Fibrous Polymers

For a modification of natural and synthetic fibrous polymers low-pressure ICRF plasma and liquid repellent sol-gel fluoroalkyl-functional siloxane precursor were used. Plasma induced surface chemical and morphological changes on fluorinated poly(ethylene terephthalate) and cellulose were analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Wettability properties of sol-gel functionalized polymers were determined by the goniometric water contact angles and water sliding angle measurements. After plasma treatment the oxygen content on the surface of both polymers increased (increase of O/C ratio) and a nanostructured surface roughness appeared. Plasma ablation caused partially defluorinated nanostructured surface of fluorinated poly(ethylene terephthalate) polymer and increased its hydrophilicity. Plasma activation and etching of cellulose polymer contributed to the creation of highly adhesive and wash resistant sol-gel coating with superhydrophobic, oleophobic and self-cleaning properties. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3539

Accounting for nuclear and mito genome in dairy cattle breeding - a simulation study

Mitochondria play a significant role in numerous cellular processes through proteins encoded by both the nuclear genome (nDNA) and mito genome (mDNA), and increasing evidence shows that traits of interest might be affected by mito-nuclear interactions. While the variation in nDNA is influenced by mutations and recombination of parental genomes, the variation in mDNA is solely driven by mutations. In addition, mDNA is inherited in a haploid form, from the dam. Cattle populations show significant variation in mDNA between and within breeds. Past research suggests that variation in mDNA accounts for 1–5% of the phenotypic variation in dairy traits. Here we simulated a dairy cattle breeding program to assess the impact of accounting for mDNA variation in pedigree-based and genome-based genetic evaluations on the accuracy of estimated breeding values for mDNA and nDNA components. We also examined the impact of alternative definitions of breeding values on genetic gain, including nDNA and mDNA components that both impact phenotype expression, but mDNA is inherited only maternally. We found that accounting for mDNA variation increased accuracy between +0.01 and +0.03 for different categories of animals, especially for young bulls (+0.03) and females without genotype data (between +0.01 and +0.03). Different scenarios of modeling and breeding value definition impacted genetic gain. The standard approach of ignoring mDNA variation achieved competitive genetic gain. Modeling, but not selecting on mDNA expectedly reduced genetic gain, while optimal use of mDNA variation recovered the genetic gain

Towards Uniform Gene Bank Documentation In Europe – The Experience From The EFABISnet Project

In the EFABISnet project, a collaborative effort of EAAP, FAO and partners from 14 European countries, in cooperation with the European Regional Focal Point for Animal Genetic Resources (ERFP), national information systems for monitoring the animal genetic resources on breed level were established in Austria, Cyprus, Estonia, Georgia, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, and United Kingdom. The network was soon extended beyond the project plans, with the establishment of EFABIS databases in Finland, Greece, and Hungary. The network was then complemented by a set of inventories of national gene bank collections to strengthen the documentation of ex situ conservation programmes. These documentation systems were established by the National Focal Points for management of farm animal genetic resources. Here we present the experience gained in establishment of these national inventories of gene banks and their relevance to the Strategic Priority Areas of the Global Plan of Action which could be useful for other areas in the world

Genomic selection using random regressions on known and latent environmental covariates

KEY MESSAGE: The integration of known and latent environmental covariates within a single-stage genomic selection approach provides breeders with an informative and practical framework to utilise genotype by environment interaction for prediction into current and future environments. ABSTRACT: This paper develops a single-stage genomic selection approach which integrates known and latent environmental covariates within a special factor analytic framework. The factor analytic linear mixed model of Smith et al. (2001) is an effective method for analysing multi-environment trial (MET) datasets, but has limited practicality since the underlying factors are latent so the modelled genotype by environment interaction (GEI) is observable, rather than predictable. The advantage of using random regressions on known environmental covariates, such as soil moisture and daily temperature, is that the modelled GEI becomes predictable. The integrated factor analytic linear mixed model (IFA-LMM) developed in this paper includes a model for predictable and observable GEI in terms of a joint set of known and latent environmental covariates. The IFA-LMM is demonstrated on a late-stage cotton breeding MET dataset from Bayer CropScience. The results show that the known covariates predominately capture crossover GEI and explain 34.4% of the overall genetic variance. The most notable covariates are maximum downward solar radiation (10.1%), average cloud cover (4.5%) and maximum temperature (4.0%). The latent covariates predominately capture non-crossover GEI and explain 40.5% of the overall genetic variance. The results also show that the average prediction accuracy of the IFA-LMM is [Formula: see text] higher than conventional random regression models for current environments and [Formula: see text] higher for future environments. The IFA-LMM is therefore an effective method for analysing MET datasets which also utilises crossover and non-crossover GEI for genomic prediction into current and future environments. This is becoming increasingly important with the emergence of rapidly changing environments and climate change. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00122-022-04186-w

Effect of manipulating recombination rates on response to selection in livestock breeding programs

International audienceBackgroundIn this work, we performed simulations to explore the potential of manipulating recombination rates to increase response to selection in livestock breeding programs.MethodsWe carried out ten replicates of several scenarios that followed a common overall structure but differed in the average rate of recombination along the genome (expressed as the length of a chromosome in Morgan), the genetic architecture of the trait under selection, and the selection intensity under truncation selection (expressed as the proportion of males selected). Recombination rates were defined by simulating nine different chromosome lengths: 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 Morgan, respectively. One Morgan was considered to be the typical chromosome length for current livestock species. The genetic architecture was defined by the number of quantitative trait variants (QTV) that affected the trait under selection. Either a large (10,000) or a small (1000 or 500) number of QTV was simulated. Finally, the proportions of males selected under truncation selection as sires for the next generation were equal to 1.2, 2.4, 5, or 10 %.ResultsIncreasing recombination rate increased the overall response to selection and decreased the loss of genetic variance. The difference in cumulative response between low and high recombination rates increased over generations. At low recombination rates, cumulative response to selection tended to asymptote sooner and the genetic variance was completely eroded. If the trait under selection was affected by few QTV, differences between low and high recombination rates still existed, but the selection limit was reached at all rates of recombination.ConclusionsHigher recombination rates can enhance the efficiency of breeding programs to turn genetic variation into response to selection. However, to increase response to selection significantly, the recombination rate would need to be increased 10- or 20-fold. The biological feasibility and consequences of such large increases in recombination rates are unknown