Service-led industrialization in developing economies: Some implications of technology gap dynamics

Can expansion of modern-services such as telecommunications, banking & finance and business services boost industrialization in developing countries? We explore this question in a two-sector Kaleckian model where an autonomously growing service sector generates market for a demand-constrained domestic industry but the latter faces competition from technologically-superior imports. We show that it is possible to have a steady state in this model, where domestic industry grows at the same rate as the service sector with positive industrial employment growth. Convergence to this steady state, however, requires domestic industry to increase its rate of technical change in response to increasing import competition. We find that improvements in the conditions for technological progress in the domestic industrial sector, say because of policy interventions that helps in upgrading technology, can increase relative size of domestic industry. On the other hand, an increase in the pace of technological progress abroad or an increase in the elasticity of imports of industrial product with respect to technology gap between the domestic industry and its foreign competitor reduces the same

Wear resistance of some elements of the drill string during drilling

The article is concerned with questions of wearing capacity of some elements of the drill string, including the abrasive drilling of hard-alloy insert rolling cutter drilling bits. The given basic dependencies on probably wear property and damage determining characteristics of drilling tools are determined its wearing capacity during boring

Modern services led growth and development in a structuralist dual economy: long-run implications of skilled labor constraint

Motivated by the South Asian experience, this paper highlights the importance of the rate of expansion of skilled labor force for service-led growth and development in economies characterized by large populations and low average education and skill endowments using a dual economy model. The model economy consists of a skilled-labor intensive service sector and a skilled-labor indifferent industrial sector - both Kaleckian, in the sense that they maintain excess capacity and operate under conditions of imperfect competition. Labor market is fragmented. There is unlimited supply of unskilled labour but skilled labor is scarce and grows only at a finite rate. Growth of skilled labor supply is only fractionally explained by growth in real wage of skilled labor while the rest depends on education policy of the government. Since government policies take time to adjust to the needs of the private sector, we argue that effect of education policy on skilled labor supply growth can be treated as autonomous. The main result of this paper shows that the model economy can converge to a steady state characterized by balanced sectoral growth at a rate equal to the autonomous part of skilled labor growth. Also, increase in returns to skilled labor can drive up the output share of modern services as the two are positively related in the steady state. The model also shows that the supply side can determine growth in structuralist models despite persistence of unemployed resources

Features of Cryptic Promoters and Their Varied Reliance on Bromodomain-Containing Factors

The Set2-Rpd3S pathway is important for the control of transcription memory. Mutation of components of this pathway results in cryptic transcription initiation within the coding region of approximately 30% of yeast genes. Specifically, deletion of the Set2 histone methyltransferase or Rco1, a component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex leads to hyperacetylation of certain open reading frames (ORFs). We used this mutant as a system to study the role of histone modifications and co-activator recruitment in preinitiation complex (PIC) formation. Specifically, we looked at the dependence of promoters on the bromodomain-containing RSC complex and the Bdf1 protein. We found that the dependence of cryptic promoters for these proteins varied. Overall, our data indicate that cryptic promoters are independently regulated, and their activation is dependent on factors that govern gene activation at canonical promoters

Design of metallic nanoparticles gratings for filtering properties in the visible spectrum

Plasmonic resonances in metallic nanoparticles are exploited to create efficient optical filtering functions. A Finite Element Method is used to model metallic nanoparticles gratings. The accuracy of this method is shown by comparing numerical results with measurements on a two-dimensional grating of gold nanocylinders with elliptic cross section. Then a parametric analysis is performed in order to design efficient filters with polarization dependent properties together with high transparency over the visible range. The behavior of nanoparticle gratings is also modelled using the Maxwell-Garnett homogenization theory and analyzed by comparison with the diffraction by a single nanoparticle. The proposed structures are intended to be included in optical systems which could find innovative applications.Comment: submitted to Applied Optic

Erratum to: Design of pharmaceutical products to meet future patient needs requires modification of current development paradigms and business models

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On some manifestations of Markov properties in long-term dynamics of thermal regime anomalies in Kazan

Long-term (1900-2004) dynamics of anomalies of annual mean air temperature, documented at the Meteorological Observatory of Kazan University, is considered as the behavior of a system passing through its certain states. By using the basic statements of random function theory, some features of the system behavior are studied from scientific and applied points of view. © Allerton Press, Inc. 2008

Elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss.

PublishedJournal ArticleEmerging infectious diseases (EIDs) have contributed significantly to the current biodiversity crisis, leading to widespread epidemics and population loss. Owing to genetic variation in pathogen virulence, a complete understanding of species decline requires the accurate identification and characterization of EIDs. We explore this issue in the Western honeybee, where increasing mortality of populations in the Northern Hemisphere has caused major concern. Specifically, we investigate the importance of genetic identity of the main suspect in mortality, deformed wing virus (DWV), in driving honeybee loss. Using laboratory experiments and a systematic field survey, we demonstrate that an emerging DWV genotype (DWV-B) is more virulent than the established DWV genotype (DWV-A) and is widespread in the landscape. Furthermore, we show in a simple model that colonies infected with DWV-B collapse sooner than colonies infected with DWV-A. We also identify potential for rapid DWV evolution by revealing extensive genome-wide recombination in vivo The emergence of DWV-B in naive honeybee populations, including via recombination with DWV-A, could be of significant ecological and economic importance. Our findings emphasize that knowledge of pathogen genetic identity and diversity is critical to understanding drivers of species decline.This work was supported by the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (Germany): Fit Bee project (grant 511-06.01-28-1-71.007-10), the EU: BeeDoc (grant 244956), iDiv (2013 NGS-Fast Track grant W47004118) and the Insect Pollinators Initiative (IPI grant BB/I000100/1 and BB/I000151/1). The IPI is funded jointly by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, the Natural Environment Research Council, the Scottish Government and the Wellcome Trust, under the Living with Environmental Change Partnership