Optimización de sistemas de prevención de riesgos laborales en entornos de trabajo conectados e inteligentes. Aplicación a la construcción 4.0

Los programas de Horizonte 2020 y el conjunto de líneas de investigación propuestas internacionalmente relacionadas con la Cuarta Revolución Industrial o Industria 4.0, reflejan el interés y necesidad de ampliar el alcance de la gestión de los riesgos ocupacionales en los sistemas productivos desde el punto de vista de la digitalización y automatización para asegurar la protección integral del trabajador. Partiendo de esta situación, y teniendo en cuenta el auge que en los últimos años está teniendo la Industria 4.0 a través del inicio de la Cuarta Revolución Industrial en todos los sectores de actividad, habría que plantearse (1) cuáles son los facilitadores tecnológicos y digitales más idóneos para alcanzar la automatización y digitalización fomentada para el alcance de los sistemas de construcción inteligentes (Construcción 4.0), (2) cómo conseguir una integración eficiente entre tecnología y trabajador (productos inteligentes, wearables) y (3) la forma de configurar dicha integración, como solución al rápido aumento de la incorporación de nuevas tecnologías, sistemas TIC y digitalización. En este contexto se desarrolla el presente artículo: teniendo en cuenta que el diseño actual de los dispositivos inteligentes aún no está adaptado a entornos ocupacionales y considerando los nuevos retos para la construcción 4.0.The Horizon 2020 programs and the set of internationally proposed research lines related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 reflect the interest and need to broaden the scope of the management of occupational risks in the production systems from the point of view of digitization and automation to ensure the full protection of the worker. Starting from this situation, and taking into account the boom that Industry 4.0 is having in recent years through the start of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in all sectors of activity, we should consider (1) what the technological and digital facilitators are best suited to achieve the automation and digitalization promoted for the scope of intelligent construction systems (Construction 4.0), (2) how to achieve an efficient integration between technology and worker (intelligent products, wearables) and (3) how to configure such integration, as a solution to the rapid increase in the incorporation of new technologies, ICT systems and digitalisation. In this context the present article is developed: bearing in mind that the current design of intelligent devices is not yet adapted to occupational environments and considering the new challenges for construction 4.0

Cardiometabolic aspects of the polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder amongst women of reproductive age and is associated with various metabolic perturbations, in addition to chronic anovulation and factors related to androgen excess. In general, women live longer than men and develop cardiovascular disease at an older age. However, women with PCOS, as compared with age- and body mass index-matched women without the syndrome, appear to have a higher risk of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and an increased prothrombotic state, possibly resulting in a higher rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, subclinical atherosclerosis, vascular dysfunction, and finally cardiovascular disease and mortality. Further alterations in PCOS include an increased prevalence of sleep apnea, as well as various changes in the secretion and/or function of adipokines, adipose tissue-derived proinflammatory factors and gut hormones, all of them with direct or indirect influences on the complex signaling network that regulates metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and energy homeostasis. Reviews on the cardiometabolic aspects of PCOS are rare, and our knowledge from recent studies is expanding rapidly. Therefore, it is the aim of the present review to discuss and to summarize the current knowledge, focusing on the alterations of cardiometabolic factors in women with PCOS. Further insight into this network of factors may facilitate finding therapeutic targets that should ameliorate not only ovarian dysfunction but also the various cardiometabolic alterations related to the syndrome

La evaluación colegiada de las competencias básicas en la Comunidad Autónoma de Canarias : hacia un modelo de escuela inclusiva y sostenible

Precede al título: Educación Primaria y Educación Secundaria ObligatoriaLa Ley Orgánica de Educación (LOE) introduce el concepto de «competencias básicas» como eje articulador del currículo, conectando de pleno con las reflexiones y las estrategias que se están desarrollando en otros sistemas educativos internacionales a la luz del informe Delors (1996), el documento DeSeCo (Definición y Selección de Competencias fundamentales) elaborado por la OCDE, de las evaluaciones PISA (Programa para la Evaluación Internacional del Alumnado), etc. Esta propuesta centra el foco en la dimensión formativa de la «evaluación», aspecto inacabado con la LOGSE (Ley Orgánica General del Sistema Educativo), a pesar de los esfuerzos realizados en esa dirección. Trabajar en las aulas para la consecución de las «competencias básicas» lleva ineludiblemente al problema de cómo evaluarlas de forma colegiada —cuando la propia ordenación del sistema educativo fragmenta cada una de las enseñanzas en diferentes áreas o materias— y de cómo emplear la información que proporciona esta labor para hacer valer el sentido formativo y regulador que debe tener la evaluación de las competencias básicas.Consejería de Educación y Universidades. Dirección General de Ordenación, Innovación y Promoción Educativa; Avda. Buenos Aires, 5; 38071 Tenerife; Tel. +34922592592; Fax +34922592570; [email protected]

Pneumonia treated in the internal medicine department: Focus on healthcare-associated pneumonia

Patients with pneumonia treated in the internal medicine department (IMD) are often at risk of healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP). The importance of HCAP is controversial. We invited physicians from 72 IMDs to report on all patients with pneumonia hospitalized in their department during 2weeks (one each in January and June 2010) to compare HCAP with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). We analysed 1002 episodes of pneumonia: 58.9% were CAP, 30.6% were HCAP and 10.4% were HAP. A comparison between CAP, HCAP and HAP showed that HCAP patients were older (77, 83 and 80.5years; p<0.001), had poorer functional status (Barthel 100, 30 and 65; p<0.001) and had more risk factors for aspiration pneumonia (18, 50 and 34%; p<0.001). The frequency of testing to establish an aetiological diagnosis was lower among HCAP patients (87, 72 and 79; p<0.001), as was adherence to the therapeutic recommendations of guidelines (70, 23 and 56%; p<0.001). In-hospital mortality increased progressively between CAP, HCAP and HAP (8, 19 and 27%; p<0.001). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the main pathogen in CAP and HCAP. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) caused 17 and 12.3% of HCAP. In patients with a confirmed aetiological diagnosis, the independent risk factors for pneumonia due do difficult-to-treat microorganisms (Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa or MRSA) were HCAP, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and higher Port Severity Index. Our data confirm the importance of maintaining high awareness of HCAP among patients treated in IMDs, because of the different aetiologies, therapy requirements and prognosis of this population. © 2011 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2011 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases