179 research outputs found
Bacterial Diversity Of Symptomatic Primary Endodontic Infection By Clonal Analysis
The aim of this study was to explore the bacterial diversity of 10 root canals with acute apical abscess using clonal analysis. Samples were collected from 10 patients and submitted to bacterial DNA isolation, 16S rRNA gene amplification, cloning, and sequencing. A bacterial genomic library was constructed and bacterial diversity was estimated. The mean number of taxa per canal was 15, ranging from 11 to 21. A total of 689 clones were analyzed and 76 phylotypes identified, of which 47 (61.84%) were different species and 29 (38.15%) were taxa reported as yet-uncultivable or as yet-uncharacterized species. Prevotella spp., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Filifactor alocis, and Peptostreptococcus stomatis were the most frequently detected species, followed by Dialister invisus, Phocaeicola abscessus, the uncharacterized Lachnospiraceae oral clone, Porphyromonas spp., and Parvimonas micra. Eight phyla were detected and the most frequently identified taxa belonged to the phylum Firmicutes (43.5%), followed by Bacteroidetes (22.5%) and Proteobacteria (13.2%). No species was detected in all studied samples and some species were identified in only one case. It was concluded that acute primary endodontic infection is characterized by wide bacterial diversity and a high intersubject variability was observed. Anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the phylum Firmicutes, followed by Bacteroidetes, were the most frequently detected microorganisms.30
Experimental Study of the Influence of Inlet and Outlet Conditions on the Flow Pattern of a Rectangular Shallow Reservoir
This article presents an analysis of the influence of symmetrical and asymmetrical positioning of the inlet and outlet channels on flow pattern inside a rectangular shallow reservoir, by means of a series of experiments with clear water in the laboratory. The experimental facility was built in the Hydraulic Research Center (CPH) of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), which consisted of a 3 m long and 2 m wide rectangular basin, whose maximum depth was 0.30 m. The inlet and outlet channels were 1.0 m long, 0.125 m wide and 0.30 m deep. Three different positions were provided for the installation of inlet and outlet channels in their respective transverse walls: left, center and right. Six different geometric combinations of the inlet and outlet channels were experimentally tested, each under three different flow rates: 0.50, 1.25 and 3.40 l/s. Considering the results related to the unique axis-symmetric configuration, the main jet crossed the basin from upstream to downstream, developing a meander-like path for the lower flow discharge. Moreover, it has been noticed the formation of two large eddies in opposite directions, one on each side of the main jet. For the higher flow rates, however, the flow pattern was asymmetrical with the main jet diverting to the right and forming a large counter clockwise vortex. For all the asymmetrical configurations, the flow pattern was also asymmetrical, regardless of the flow rate
Estudo da correlação dos índices de placa e gengival em mães e filhos
This study aimed to compare the periodontal condition between plaque and gingival indexes in 30 pairs of mother and child with mixed dentition, as well as to correlate the findings with some of their social and oral hygiene habits. Mother's and child's plaque and gingival indexes were recorded during clinical examination. Periapical and bitewing radiographs were taken in order to assess the presence of any pathologic bone loss. Questionnaires answered by the mothers were used to collect information regarding the mother's and the child's habits of tooth hygiene and the mother's job, instruction level and family income. The data collected from the mothers' group and from the children's group were statistically analyzed both separately and with the two groups together. From the statistical analyses (Pearson correlation test, student test and Covariance analysis), it was possible to conclude that there was a greater correlation between the plaque and gingival indexes in the mothers' group than in the children's group. No significant correlation between plaque and gingival indexes could be found between the pairs. Also, bone loss and plaque and gingival indexes in the children did not show any correlation. The mothers' plaque indexes increased with age and decreased when they flossed everyday and when they had a job. The children's plaque indexes were lower when they had their tooth hygiene done by their mothers, when the latter had declared that they flossed their children's teeth everyday, and also when the mothers had a job. Children's gingival indexes increased with age and decreased when they brushed their teeth more often, when their mothers had a job and when their mothers declared they are used to flossing every day.O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a condição periodontal em 30 pares de mães e crianças com dentição mista, através dos índices de placa e gengival, bem como verificar sua correlação com alguns aspectos sociais e hábitos de higiene oral. No exame clínico foram registrados o índice de placa (IP) e índice gengival (IG) e, em seguida, foram realizadas tomadas radiográficas periapicais e interproximais que possibilitaram avaliar a possível presença de perdas ósseas em mães e crianças. Através de questionários, foram colhidas informações a respeito dos hábitos de higiene oral das mães e crianças, nível de escolaridade da mãe, se a mãe trabalhava fora e a renda familiar. Após análise estatística (Teste de Correlação de Pearson; test t de Student; Análise de Covariância), concluiu-se que houve maior correlação entre os índices de placa e gengival composto por adultos do que no grupo de crianças. Não foi encontrada correlação significante entre os índices de placa e gengival nos pares de mães e crianças. Não foi encontrada nenhuma correlação significante entre perda óssea e os índices de placa ou gengival dos pares. O índice de placa total das mães aumentou a idade e diminuiu quando a mãe utilizava fio dental diariamente e quando esta trabalhava fora. O índice gengival total das mães também foi reduzido quando elas trabalhavam fora. Houve redução no índice de placa total da criança quando a mãe a auxiliava durante a escovação, quando a mãe utilizava fio dental diariamente e quando esta trabalhava fora. O índice gengival total da criança foi maior com o aumento da idade e foi reduzido com aumento da sua freqüência de escovação, quando a mãe utilizava fio dental diariamente e quando a mãe trabalhava fora
Impactos psicossociais do isolamento social por covid-19 em crianças, adolescentes e jovens: scoping review
Objective: to map the psychosocial impacts caused by social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic in children, adolescents and young people. Method: a scoping review conducted according to the method proposed by the JBI and adopting the recommendations set forth in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews international guide. The review protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework. Results: a total of 20 articles comprised this review. Depression (70%; n=14) and anxiety (60%; n=16) were the most frequent symptoms among the research studies evaluated. An increase in screen time and in Internet use was identified. Conclusion: social isolation due to COVID-19 has exerted social and psychological effects on children's and adolescents' lives. In this population, mental ailments and their repercussion in child-youth development cannot be disregarded.Objetivo: mapear os impactos psicossociais causados pelo isolamento social, durante a pandemia da COVID-19, em crianças, adolescentes e jovens. Método: revisão de escopo realizada de acordo com o método proposto por JBI e adotando as recomendações do guia internacional Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Protocolo de revisão registrado no Open Science Framework. Resultados: compuseram esta revisão 20 artigos. A depressão (70%; n=14) e a ansiedade (60%; n=16) foram os sintomas mais frequentes entre as investigações estudadas. Identificou-se um aumento do tempo de tela e utilização de internet. Conclusão: o isolamento social em função da COVID-19 tem impactado socialmente e psicologicamente na vida de crianças e adolescentes. O adoecimento mental deste público é uma realidade e as repercussões no desenvolvimento infanto-juvenil não podem ser desconsideradas
Novas diretrizes no diagnóstico e tratamento das insônias
The Brazilian Sleep Association brought together specialists in sleep medicine, in order to develop new guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of insomnias. The following subjects were discussed: concepts, clinical and psychosocial evaluations, recommendations for polysomnography, pharmacological treatment, behavioral and cognitive therapy, comorbidities and insomnia in children. Four levels of evidence were envisaged: standard, recommended, optional and not recommended. For diagnosing of insomnia, psychosocial and polysomnographic investigation were recommended. For non-pharmacological treatment, cognitive behavioral treatment was considered to be standard, while for pharmacological treatment, zolpidem was indicated as the standard drug because of its hypnotic profile, while zopiclone, trazodone and doxepin were recommended. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTA Associação Brasileira de Sono reuniu especialistas em medicina do sono com o objetivo de desenvolver novas diretrizes no diagnóstico e tratamento das insônias. Nós consideramos quatro níveis de evidência: padrão, recomendado, opcional e não recomendado. Os tópicos abordados foram: conceito, avaliação clínica e psicossocial, indicação da polissonografia, tratamento farmacológico, terapia comportamental cognitiva, comorbidades e insônia na infância. Para o diagnóstico da insônia, foi recomendada uma avaliação psicossocial e a realização da polissonografia, enquanto que no que se refere ao tratamento, foi estabelecido como padrão a indicação da terapia comportamental cognitiva, e, quanto ao tratamento farmacológico, foi indicado o uso do zolpidem como hipnótico padrão, e sendo recomendado o zopiclone, a trazodona e a doxepina
Associação entre o Perfil do Estudante e o Desempenho Acadêmico em um Curso de Especialização em Atenção Primária a Saúde EaD
The aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the student’s profile and academic achievement, using data of the Family Health Specialization course at the UNA-SUS/UFCSPA (FHS). A total of 4,438 students enrolled in the course until 2018, and all that completed the activities (n = 4219) were considered in the analysis. The characterization of academic performance, the student’ status at the end of the course were considered, and the students were classified as: approved, reproved, evaded or unsubscribed; also the student's final grade was considered to characterize their academic achievement. A descriptive analysis and logistic regression models were constructed to verify an association between the student profiles and academic achievements. Most students were female (63.7%), Brazilian (63.9%), unmarried (66.9%), part of the Mais Médicos Program (54.5%), have less than one year formed (32.0%), had never performed distance education activities (72.5%), had internet access at home (94.9%) and at work (64.5%), and used the computer at least six days a week (53.4%). Among the students, 2,643 (52.6%) approved and 1,576 (47,4%) reproved or did not finish the cours. Gender, course entry form, undergraduate course, age at the beginning of the course and region of professional activity were associated with the achievement in the course and grade in complex cases essay.
Keywords: Academic achievement. Distance learning. e-larning. Primary health care.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a relação entre as características do aluno do curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família da UNA-SUS/UFCSPA (EspSF) e o desempenho acadêmico. O estudo tem caráter observacional transversal analítico. As análises foram realizadas a partir de dados do curso de EspSF, que é ofertado na modalidade a distância, para médicos, dentistas e enfermeiros. Um total de 4438 alunos realizaram matrícula no curso até 2018, sendo considerados nas análises todos os concluintes até 2018 (n=4219). Para caracterização do desempenho acadêmico no curso foram considerados o estado do aluno ao final do curso, sendo os alunos classificados em: aprovado, reprovado, evadido ou desligado; e a nota final do aluno na atividade de casos complexos. Após uma análise descritiva foram construídos modelos de regressão logística para verificar a associação entre as características dos alunos e o desempenho no curso. A maior parte dos alunos é do gênero feminino (63,7%), brasileiro (63,9%), não é casado (66,9%), faz parte do Programa Mais Médicos (54,5%), formado há menos de um ano (32,0%), nunca havia realizado atividades de educação a distância (72,5%), tem acesso à internet em casa (94,9%) e no trabalho (64,5%), e usa o computador ao menos seis dias da semana (53,4%). Dentre os alunos há 2643 (52,6%) aprovados e 1576 (47,4%) reprovaram ou não concluíram o curso. Gênero, forma de entrada no curso, curso de graduação, idade no início do curso e a região de atuação profissional estão associados ao aproveitamento no curso e nota na avaliação de casos complexos.
Palavras-chave: Desempenho acadêmico. Educação a distância. Ensino online. Atenção primária à saúde
Estudo do sistema portal hepático no pato doméstico (Cairina moshata)
Estudou-se o comportamento do sistema portal hepático em 30 patos domésticos, adultos, machos e fêmeas. O sistema apresenta-se constituído por duas veias portais hepáticas: direita e esquerda. A veia portal hepática esquerda é formada por veias gástricas esquerdas (em número de 1 a 2), veias da margem ventral do ventrículo, veia pilórica e veia proventricular caudal. A veia portal hepática direita é formada pela veia mesentérica caudal, veia mesentérica cranial, veia proventrículo-esplênica e veia gastropancreaticoduodenal. A veia mesentérica caudal recebe tributárias do mesorreto, cloaca e junção ileocecocólica. A veia mesentérica cranial recebe tributárias jejunais (em número de 12 a 21) e se anastomosa com a veia mesentérica caudal, formando a veia mesentérica comum. A veia pancreaticoduodenal recebe duas veias gástricas direitas, constituindo assim a veia gastropancreaticoduodenal. A veia proventrículo-esplênica é formada pelas veias proventriculares dorsal e direita e pelas veias esplênicas.In this research a study on the course of the portal hepatic system in 30 adult domestic ducks, male and female was performed. The portal venous system consists of two portal hepatic veins: right and left. The left portal hepatic vein is formed by left gastric veins (in a number varying from 1 to 2), veins from the ventral margin of the gizzard, piloric vein and caudal proventricular vein. The right portal hepatic vein is formed by the caudal mesenteric vein, cranial mesenteric vein, proventricular-spleenic vein and gastro-pancreatic-duodenal vein. The mesenteric caudal vein takes in tributaries from the mesorectum, cloaca and ileo-cecum-colic junction. The cranial mesenteric vein takes in jejunal tributaries (in number varying from 12 to 21) and forms anastomosys with the caudal mesenteric vein, which results in the common mesenteric vein. The pancreatic-duodenal vein receives two right gastric veins, this way forming the gastro-pancreatic-duodenal vein. The proventricular-spleenic vein is formed by the dorsal and right proventricular vein and by the spleenic veins
Glycans as Key Checkpoints of T Cell Activity and Function
The immune system is highly controlled and fine-tuned by glycosylation, through the addition of a diversity of carbohydrates structures (glycans) to virtually all immune cell receptors. Despite a relative backlog in understanding the importance of glycans in the immune system, due to its inherent complexity, remarkable findings have been highlighting the essential contributions of glycosylation in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses with important implications in the pathogenesis of major diseases such as autoimmunity and cancer. Glycans are implicated in fundamental cellular and molecular processes that regulate both stimulatory and inhibitory immune pathways. Besides being actively involved in pathogen recognition through interaction with glycan-binding proteins (such as C-type lectins), glycans have been also shown to regulate key pathophysiological steps within T cell biology such as T cell development and thymocyte selection; T cell activity and signaling as well as T cell differentiation and proliferation. These effects of glycans in T cells functions highlight their importance as determinants of either self-tolerance or T cell hyper-responsiveness which ultimately might be implicated in the creation of tolerogenic pathways in cancer or loss of immunological tolerance in autoimmunity. This review discusses how specific glycans (with a focus on N-linked glycans) act as regulators of T cell biology and their implications in disease
Prática informacional no contexto do HIV: Análise espacial do conhecimento acerca de estratégicas de prevenção
It highlights the interdisciplinary perspective between Information Science and Health Sciences. It discusses the relevance of knowledge about the ways of HIV / AIDS transmission and prevention strategies in the Brazilian response to this epidemic. It aims to measure the level of knowledge about the virus transmission routes and Combined Prevention strategies, by spatial distribution in the Federal District - DF. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, applied research, with a quantitative-qualitative approach, whose method uses the survey. The results indicate a higher proportion of moderate and high knowledge about the forms of transmission. There is little knowledge about biomedical interventions based on the use of antiretrovirals on pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis. After assessing the sociodemographic characteristics and the categories of knowledge, it is found that the age group, education level and internet access have a statistically significant association. The spatial distribution among participants with a moderate level of knowledge is homogeneous, while for those with high and low knowledge, the distribution in the territory is heterogeneous. It is concluded that there are gaps in knowledge about the forms of transmission and strategies for Combined Prevention. Adequate level of knowledge is a structuring component for coping with HIV / AIDS.Evidencia la perspectiva interdisciplinaria entre las Ciencias de la Información y las Ciencias de la Salud. Discute la relevancia del conocimiento sobre las formas de transmisión del VIH / SIDA y las estrategias de prevención en la respuesta brasileña a esta epidemia. Su objetivo es medir el nivel de conocimiento sobre las rutas de transmisión del virus y las estrategias de prevención combinada, por distribución espacial en el Distrito Federal - DF. Es una investigación transversal, descriptiva, aplicada, con un enfoque cuantitativo-cualitativo, cuyo método utiliza la encuesta. Los resultados indican una mayor proporción de conocimiento moderado y alto sobre las formas de transmisión. Hay poco conocimiento sobre las intervenciones biomédicas basadas en el uso de antirretrovirales en la profilaxis previa y posterior a la exposición. Después de evaluar las características sociodemográficas y las categorías de conocimiento, se descubre que el grupo de edad, el nivel educativo y el acceso a Internet tienen una asociación estadísticamente significativa. La distribución espacial entre los participantes con un nivel moderado de conocimiento es homogénea, mientras que para aquellos con alto y bajo conocimiento, la distribución en el territorio es heterogénea. Se concluye que existen lagunas en el conocimiento sobre las formas de transmisión y las estrategias para la Prevención combinada. El nivel adecuado de conocimiento es un componente estructurante para hacer frente al VIH / SIDA.Evidencia a perspectiva interdisciplinar entre a Ciência da Informação e as Ciências da Saúde. Discute a relevância do conhecimento sobre as formas de transmissão do HIV/aids e as estratégias de prevenção na resposta brasileira a essa epidemia. Objetiva mensurar o nível de conhecimento a respeito das vias de transmissão do vírus e das estratégias da Prevenção Combinada, por distribuição espacial no Distrito Federal ”“ DF. Trata-se de pesquisa de corte transversal, descritiva, aplicada, de abordagem quantitativa-qualitativa, cujo método utiliza o survey. Os resultados indicam maior proporção de conhecimento moderado e alto acerca das formas de transmissão. Observa-se haver conhecimento baixo a respeito das intervenções biomédicas baseadas no uso de antirretrovirais sobre as Profilaxias Pré e Pós-Exposição. Avaliadas as características sociodemográficas e as categorias de conhecimento, tem-se que a faixa etária, o grau de escolaridade e o acesso à internet possuem associação estatisticamente significativa. A distribuição espacial entre os participantes com nível de conhecimento moderado é homogênea, enquanto para aqueles com conhecimento alto e baixo a distribuição no território se dá de maneira heterogênea. Conclui-se que há lacunas no conhecimento sobre as formas de transmissão e estratégias de Prevenção Combinada. Adequado nível de conhecimento é componente estruturante para o enfrentamento do HIV/aids
Agronomic characteristics and postharvest quality of strawberry in a semi-hydroponic cultivation system
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do uso de sistema semi-hidropônico sobre as variáveis agronômicas e de pós-colheita de cultivares de morangueiro. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com as cultivares Aromas, Camarosa, Festival, Merced, Oso Grande e San Andreas, com oito plantas por parcela e cinco repetições. Foram avaliadas variáveis agronômicas e de pós-colheita. A cultivar San Andreas apresentou os maiores valores para as variáveis agronômicas número de frutos comerciais e produção total e comercial por planta, com as maiores produtividades em outubro, novembro e dezembro. As variáveis de pós-colheita umidade, firmeza, pH, acidez titulável e açúcares redutores não diferiram entre as cultivares. Em sistema semi-hidropônico, a cultivar San Andreas apresenta os melhores resultados para as variáveis agronômicas de produção de frutos, com as maiores produtividades em outubro e novembro. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of using a semi-hydroponic system on the agronomic and postharvest variables of strawberry cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, with cultivars Aromas, Camarosa, Festival, Merced, Oso Grande, and San Andreas, with eight plants per plot and five replicates. Agronomic and postharvest variables were evaluated. Cultivar San Andreas showed the highest values for the agronomic variables number of commercial fruits and total and commercial yield per plant, with the highest yield in October, November, and December. The postharvest variables moisture, firmness, pH, titratable acidity, and reducing sugars did not differ between cultivars. In a semi-hydroponic system, the San Andreas cultivar presents the best results for the agronomic variables related to fruit yield, with the highest yield in October and November.
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