Assessment of scientific literacy levels of IPB students

[EN] The higher education institutions use scientific and multidisciplinary electronic publication with an anonymous review process and free access to spread technical and scientific knowledge. The Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB) has two electronic journals with the aim of provoking, in young people, the search for wisdom, scientific spirit, respect for authorship and boosting reading and writing skills. This paper presents an exploratory research that evaluated the student's production and publication from IPB by applying a questionary about scientific literacy in the first semester of the 2020/2021 academic year. Participated 102 individuals, majority women, with Portuguese nationality, undergraduate students from Higher School of Education of IPB. The analysis revealed that 71 (69,6%) students have difficulties linked to reading and comprehension skills, just as 82 (80,4%) with scientific writing. That aspect may concern a shortage that debate characteristics of scientific reading, interpretation, and publication. Also, 85 (83.3%) students had not yet published any article, which may require scientific literacy for a better understanding of the scientific method. However, it was possible to note several other types of production developed within the scope of school activities, which may come to stimulate scientific literacy.This work has been supported by FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UIDB/05777/2020.William Lopes, G.; Gonçalves, V. (2022). Assessment of scientific literacy levels of IPB students. En Proceedings INNODOCT/21. International Conference on Innovation, Documentation and Education. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 189-196. https://doi.org/10.4995/INN2021.2021.13631OCS18919

A produção científica jovem na adolesCiência: Entrevista a Vitor Gonçalves, diretor da revista adolesCiência

Após cerca de 9 anos de existência, a adolesCiência conta com 90 publicações em 6 volumes e 7 números, da autoria de mais de 320 autores, sendo 47 trabalhos do ensino não superior e 43 trabalhos do ensino superior (53 artigos de investigação & práticas, 14 recensões críticas, 7 entrevistas e 16 relatórios de projeto, de visitas de estudo ou de experiências). Numa fase em que estão a ser concluídos os processos de revisão e edição do próximo número da revista adolesCiência (2020), pensamos ser o momento ideal para perceber o passado, presente e futuro desta revista de iniciação científica com o diretor da revista adolesCiência e professor adjunto no Departamento de Tecnologia Educativa e Gestão da Informação da Escola Superior de Educação (ESE) do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB). O professor Vitor Gonçalves é doutor em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores e Mestre em Tecnologia Multimédia pela Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto. Atualmente é investigador no CIEB (Centro de Investigação em Educação Básica do IPB), membro do GPITIC (Grupo de Pesquisa Interdisciplinar em Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação), membro do GPISEC (Grupo de Pesquisas Interdisciplinares em Secretariado) e coordenador do Gabinete de Relações Internacionais da ESE-IPBAfter about 9 years of existence, adolesCiência has 90 publications in 6 volumes and 7 issues, authored by more than 320 authors, 47 of which are non-higher education works and 43 higher education works (53 research & practice articles, 14 critical reviews, 7 interviews and 16 project reports, study visits reports or experience reports). In a phase in which the processes of reviewing and editing the next issue of the adolesCiência journal (2020) are being concluded, we think it is the ideal time to understand the past, present and future of this scientific initiation magazine with the director of the magazine adolesCiência and professor in the Department of Educational Technology and Information Management of the Escola Superior de Educação (ESE) of the Instituto Politécnico de Bragança (IPB). Professor Vitor Gonçalves holds a PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering and a Master in Multimedia Technology from the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto. He is currently a researcher at CIEB (Research Center for Basic Education at IPB), a member of GPITIC (Interdisciplinary Research Group in Information and Communication Technology), a member of GPISEC (Interdisciplinary Research Group in Secretariat) and coordinator of the International Relations Office of the ESE-IPB.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Building comprehensive social analyzes: contributions from intersectionality

O livro Interseccionalidade integra uma coletânea intitulada Feminismos Plurais, organizada pela filósofa e feminista Djamila Ribeiro, cujo objetivo é proporcionar discussões importantes sobre os diversos feminismos de maneira didática e acessível. Deste modo, cada produção está centrada em torno de uma temática, apresentando em uma linguagem simples - porém não simplista - e compreensível de categorias teóricas historicamente invisibilizadas pelas estruturas académicas. Na referida coleção encontram-se também materiais que abordam os seguintes tópicos: lugar de fala, racismo estrutural, encarceramento em massa, racismo recreativo, empoderamento, intolerância religiosa e apropriação cultural.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Securing instant messages with hardware-based cryptography and authentication in browser extension

Instant Messaging (IM) provides near-real-time communication between users, which has shown to be a valuable tool for internal communication in companies and for general-purpose interaction among people. IM systems and supporting protocols, however, must consider security aspects to guarantee the messages' authenticity, confidentiality, and integrity. In this paper, we present a solution for integrating hardware-based public key cryptography into Converse.js, an open-source IM client for browsers enabled with the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP). The proposal is developed as a plugin for Converse.js, thus overriding the original functions of the client; and a browser extension that is triggered by the plugin and is responsible for calling the encryption and decryption services for each sent and received message. This integrated artifact allowed the experimental validation of the proposal providing authenticity of IM users with digital certificates and protection of IM messages with hardware-based cryptography. Results also shows the proposed systems is resistent to adversarial attacks against confidentiality and integrity and it is secure when considering cryptrographic tests like the Hamming distance and the NIST SP800-22

Rarity of monodominance in hyperdiverse Amazonian forests.

Tropical forests are known for their high diversity. Yet, forest patches do occur in the tropics where a single tree species is dominant. Such "monodominant" forests are known from all of the main tropical regions. For Amazonia, we sampled the occurrence of monodominance in a massive, basin-wide database of forest-inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). Utilizing a simple defining metric of at least half of the trees ≥ 10 cm diameter belonging to one species, we found only a few occurrences of monodominance in Amazonia, and the phenomenon was not significantly linked to previously hypothesized life history traits such wood density, seed mass, ectomycorrhizal associations, or Rhizobium nodulation. In our analysis, coppicing (the formation of sprouts at the base of the tree or on roots) was the only trait significantly linked to monodominance. While at specific locales coppicing or ectomycorrhizal associations may confer a considerable advantage to a tree species and lead to its monodominance, very few species have these traits. Mining of the ATDN dataset suggests that monodominance is quite rare in Amazonia, and may be linked primarily to edaphic factors

Avaliação de técnicas de fechamento primário tardio versus primário em pacientes com apendicite aguda complicada submetidos à apendicectomia

A apendicite aguda é uma das emergências cirúrgicas gerais mais comuns entre a população mundial, com um risco estimado ao longo da vida relatado em 7 a 8%. Com o intuito de se reduzir as taxas de infecções do sítio cirúrgico pós apendicectomia, o fechamento primário tardio da ferida é uma técnica empregada nesse contexto. O presente estudo de revisão buscou avaliar a técnica de fechamento primário tardio em comparação com o fechamento primário em pacientes com apendicite aguda complicada submetidos à apendicectomia, a partir de ensaios clínicos publicados na literatura médica atual. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa realizada por meio da base de dados PubMed, que levou em consideração os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos; artigos publicados no último ano (2023-2024); que possuíam texto completo disponível e que abordassem acerca do uso de técnicas de fechamento primário tardio ou primário em pacientes com apendicite aguda complicada submetidos à apendicectomia. Ficou constatado que o fechamento primário tardio da ferida operatória após apendicectomia resultou em uma significativa redução na incidência de infecção da ferida em comparação com o fechamento primário. Apesar do fechamento do tipo primário ter apresentado maior benefício em pacientes diabéticos e com apendicite perfurada, contaminação fecal e comprimento de incisão superior a 10 cm, o fechamento primário tardio pode ser uma abordagem mais eficaz quando não considerados esses grupos. Portanto, recomenda-se considerar o fechamento primário tardio como a opção de tratamento preferencial em casos de apendicite complicada, o que pode ter implicações significativas na prática clínica

Para a noção de transformação curricular

Neste artigo é evidenciada a relação entre currículo e conhecimento, abordando-se o conhecimento escolar na sua seleção, organização e transformação, a partir de uma revisão do conceito de transposição didática e da proposição dos conceitos de transformação curricular e transformação didática. Qualquer debate sobre o currículo exige a dilucidação do conhecimento e uma reflexão sobre os seus diversos significados, sobretudo quando a educação se torna num projeto amplo de questionamento da realidade social. Para além de várias questões colocadas acerca do conhecimento escolar e do modo como a sua organização pode ser realizada, procura-se centrar o debate numa reflexão sobre as fronteiras entre conhecimentos e esclarecer que, sobre essa temática, jamais poderão existir respostas fechadas.This article highlights the link between curriculum and knowledge, the approach of school knowledge’s selection, organization and transformation is based on a revision of the concept of didactic transposition and on the proposal of the concepts of curriculum and didactic transformation. Debates on curriculum demand an explanation and a reflection on the multiple meanings of knowledge mainly when education aims to be a broad project to contest social reality. It aims to focus the discussion on a reflection regarding the borders between knowledges and to show that in this subject there are never closed answers.Dans cet article est mis en évidence le rapport entre le curriculum et la connaissance, en abordant la connaissance scolaire dans sa sélection, son organisation et sa transformation à partir d’une révision du concept de transposition didactique et de la proposition des concepts de transformation du curriculum et de transformation didactique. Toute discussion sur le curriculum exige la dilucidation de la connaissance et une réflexion sur ses plusieurs signifiés, surtout quand l’éducation devient un projet plus large de mise en question de la réalité sociale. Au delà des plusieurs questions posées autour de la connaissance scolaire et de la manière comme son organisation peut être réalisée, on cherche á fixer le débat dans une réflexion sur les frontières entre connaissances et éclaircir que, sur cette thématique jamais ne pourront exister des réponses absolues.En este trabajo se pone en evidencia la relación entre el currículum y el conocimiento, abordándose el conocimiento escolar en su selección, organización y transformación desde una revisión del concepto de transposición didáctica y de la proposición de los conceptos de transformación curricular y transformación didáctica. Cualquier discusión sobre el currículum requiere la aclaración del conocimiento y una reflexión sobre sus diversos significados, especialmente cuando la educación se convierte en un proyecto más amplio de cuestionamiento de la realidad social. Además de varias preguntas sobre el conocimiento escolar y el modo en el que su organización puede tener lugar, se intenta centrar el debate en una reflexión sobre las fronteras entre conocimientos y aclarar que en esta temática jamás podrán existir respuestas cerradas.(undefined

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions