Refugiados: necesidad de una revisión

El artículo trata de los refugiados y sus derechos.Analiza comparativarnente su situación en diversos paises y en España.The article deals with refugees and their rights in receiving countries. It analyses their situation in different European countries and in Spain

Alzheimer's disease: oral manifestations, treatment and preventive measures.

In the treatment of patients with dementia Alzheimer's type non-current and are facing tough situations. Treatment should be tailored to each stage of the disease and for each patient. In this type of disease is very important to involve families and caregivers to improve the quality of life of patients. The main goal with these patients is prevention. Patients should be all oral manifestations caused by the lack of inadequate oral hygiene, xerostomia and manifestations derived by taking drugs. The aim of this review is to describe the main oral manifestations that can result from this disease and the best treatment options taking into account the clinical stages in which patients are found.Keywords: Alzheimer, Dementia, Oral health, Disease, Prevention.Enfermedad de Alzheimer: manifestaciones orales, tratamiento y medidas preventivas.En el tratamiento a pacientes con demencias tipo Alzheimer se afrontan situaciones infrecuentes y comprometidas. El tratamiento debe personalizarse para cada estadio de la enfermedad y para cada paciente. En este tipo de enfermedades es muy importante involucrar a los familiares y cuidadores para mejorar la calidad de vida del enfermo. El  principal objetivo con estos pacientes es la prevención. Se deben controlar todas las manifestaciones orales provocadas por la falta de una inadecuada higiene oral, la xerostomía y las manifestaciones derivadas por los fármacos que consumen. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir cuáles son las principales manifestaciones orales que pueden derivar de esta enfermedad y las mejores opciones de tratamiento teniendo en cuenta las etapas clínicas en las que se encuentran los pacientes.Palabras clave: Alzehimer, Demencia, Salud oral, Enfermedad, Prevención.

El tejido residencial en la transformación urbana de ciudades intermedias de la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona (1980- 2020)

Las ciudades intermedias de la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona tienen relevancia en el crecimiento contemporáneo de la principal conurbación urbana de Cataluña. El estudio de los tejidos residenciales en la transformación de la segunda corona metropolitana entre el 1980 y 2020, pretende mostrar su incidencia en transformación del territorio y señalar algunos retos futuros de las ciudades intermedias. En los últimos 40 años los fragmentos residenciales, junto a la construcción de infraestructuras viarias y el desarrollo las áreas de actividad económica, han sido determinantes para la transformación de las ciudades intermedias en la metrópolis barcelonesa. Los nuevos tejidos complementan y renuevan la ciudad con viviendas, equipamientos, espacios libres y reconfiguran la lógica interna a través de las avenidas, rondas y variantes que surgen de los nuevos proyectos. Crecimientos, que apoyados en el tejido existente, transforman la ciudad produciendo el cambio de escala redefiniendo los límites. Proyectos de escala intermedia de los fragmentos residenciales, que se integra en la ciudad y construye un entorno mejorado. Como resultado, han renovado la ciudad modificando la estructura general con la incorporación de tramas y tejidos nuevos, han modificado las relaciones entre las partes y con ello, han cambiado la imagen de la ciudad. Los nuevos estándares aplicados han permitido desarrollar una ciudad más pública y abierta, con más espacios públicos, dotaciones y mayor calidad urbana para sus habitantes.The intermediate cities of the Barcelona Metropolitan Region are relevant to the contemporary growth of Catalonia's main urban conurbation. The study of the residential fabric in the transformation of the second metropolitan ring between 1980 and 2020 aims to show its impact on the transformation of the territory and to point out some future challenges of the intermediate cities. In the last 40 years the residential fragments, together with the construction of road infrastructures and the development of the economic activity areas have been decisive for the transformation of the intermediate cities in the Barcelona metropolis. The new urbanistic fabrics complement and renew the city with housing, facilities, open spaces, and reconfigure the internal logic through the avenues, roads, and variants that arise from the new projects. The growth that, supported by the existing fabric, transform the city by changing the scale, and redefining its limits. Projects of the intermediate scale of residential fragments, which integrate into the city and build an improved environment. As a result, they have renovated the city by modifying the general structure with the incorporation of new wefts and fabrics, they have modified the relations between the parts, and for this reason, they have also changed the image of the city. The new standards applied, have enabled the development of a more public and open city, with more public spaces, facilities, and greater urban quality for its inhabitants

The residential fabric in the urban transformation of intermediate cities of the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona (1980-2020)

El estudio de los tejidos residenciales en la transformación de la segunda corona metropolitana entre el 1980 y 2020, pretende mostrar su incidencia en transformación del territorio y señalar algunos retos futuros de las ciudades intermedias. En los últimos 40 años los fragmentos residenciales, junto a la construcción de infraestructuras viarias y el desarrollo las áreas de actividad económica, han sido determinantes para su transformación. Los nuevos tejidos complementan y renuevan la ciudad con viviendas, equipamientos, espacios libres y reconfiguran la lógica interna a través de las avenidas, rondas y variantes. Apoyados en el tejido existente, transforman la ciudad produciendo el cambio de escala y redefiniendo los límites. Proyectos de escala intermedia, los fragmentos residenciales, que se integra en la ciudad y construye un entorno mejorado. Como resultado, han renovado la ciudad modificando la estructura general con la incorporación de tramas y tejidos nuevos, modificando las relaciones entre las partes y con ello, cambiando la imagen de la ciudad. Los nuevos estándares aplicados han permitido desarrollar una ciudad más pública y abierta, con más espacios públicos, dotaciones y mayor calidad urbana para sus habitantes.The study of the residential fabrics in the transformation of the second metropolitan crown between 1980 and 2020, aims to show its incidence in the transformation of the territory and point out some future challenges for intermediate cities. In the last 40 years, the residential fragments, together with the construction of road infrastructures and the development of areas of economic activity, have been decisive for its transformation. The new fabrics complement and renew the city with houses, facilities, free spaces and reconfigure the internal logic through avenues, roundabouts and variants. Supported by the existing fabric, they transform the city, producing a change of scale and redefining the limits. Intermediate-scale projects, residential fragments, which are integrated into the city and build an improved environment. As a result, they have renovated the city by modifying the general structure with the incorporation of new frames and fabrics, modifying the relationships between the parts and with it, changing the image of the city. The new standards applied have made it possible to develop a more public and open city, with more public spaces, facilities and greater urban quality for its inhabitants.Artículo realizado en el marco de una Beca de Investigación del Programa de Formación de Personal Investigador (FPU) de la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.Peer Reviewe

El Dissolvent, medi o reactiu?

El dissolvent ha estat considerat, clàssicament, com el medi que envolta el sistema reaccionant. Fets experimentals i estudis teòrics recents han posat en qiiestió aquesta visió, mostrant que el dissolvent té un paper actiu en les reaccions en dissolució. La reorganització del dissolvent en el transcurs de la reacció, forma part de la coordenada de reacció i, en alguns processos, el dissolvent actua com a vertader reactiu químic. Es discuteixen les consequències d'aquesta nova visió.Solvent has been considered classically as the medium that surrounds the reactant system. Experimental facts and recent theoretical studies have become such a view doubtful, showing that solvent plays an active role on reactions in solution. The solvent reorganization during the reaction belongs to the reaction coordinate and, in some processes, solvent acts like a true chemical reactant. Consequences of this new idea are discussed

El dietista-nutricionista en Atención Primaria: una aproximación viable

II Congreso de Alimentación, Nutrición y Dietética. Avances en Nutrición y Dietética Clínica: Prevención, Tratamiento y Gestión - Rol del Dietista-Nutricionist

Elastomeric cardiopatch scaffold for myocardial repair and ventricular support

[EN] OBJECTIVES: Prevention of postischaemic ventricular dilatation progressing towards pathological remodelling is necessary to decrease ventricular wall deterioration. Myocardial tissue engineering may play a therapeutic role due to its capacity to replace the extracellular matrix, thereby creating niches for cell homing. In this experimental animal study, a biomimetic cardiopatch was created with elastomeric scaffolds and nanotechnologies. METHODS: In an experimental animal study in 18 sheep, a cardiopatch was created with adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells seeded into an engineered bioimplant consisting of 3-dimensional bioabsorbable polycaprolactone scaffolds filled with a peptide hydrogel (PuraMatrix (TM)). This patch was then transplanted to cover infarcted myocardium. Non-absorbable poly(ethyl) acrylate polymer scaffolds were used as controls. RESULTS: Fifteen sheep were followed with ultrasound scans at 6 months, including echocardiography scans, tissue Doppler and spectral flow analysis and speckle-tracking imaging, which showed a reduction in longitudinal left ventricular deformation in the cardiopatch-treated group. Magnetic resonance imaging (late gadolinium enhancement) showed reduction of infarct size relative to left ventricular mass in the cardiopatch group versus the controls. Histopathological analysis at 6 months showed that the cardiopatch was fully anchored and integrated to the infarct area with minimal fibrosis interface, thereby promoting angiogenesis and migration of adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells to surrounding tissues. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the feasibility and effectiveness of a cardiopatch grafted onto myocardial infarction scars in an experimental animal model. This treatment decreased fibrosis, limited infarct scar expansion and reduced postischaemic ventricular deformity. A capillary network developed between our scaffold and the heart. The elastomeric cardiopatch seems to have a positive impact on ventricular remodelling and performance in patients with heart failure.The RECATABI Project (Regeneration of Cardiac Tissue Assisted by Bioactive Implants) was financially supported by the 7th Framework Programme (FP7) of the European Commission. Project ID: 229239. Funded under FP7-NMP and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER Spain).Chachques, JC.; Lila, N.; Soler Botija, C.; Martínez-Ramos, C.; Vallés Lluch, A.; Autret, G.; Perier, M.... (2020). Elastomeric cardiopatch scaffold for myocardial repair and ventricular support. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 57(3):545-555. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejcts/ezz252S545555573Madonna, R., Van Laake, L. W., Botker, H. E., Davidson, S. M., De Caterina, R., Engel, F. B., … Sluijter, J. P. G. (2019). 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C., Moratal, D., Vallés-Lluch, A., & Monleón Pradas, M. (2014). Design and Assembly Procedures for Large-Sized Biohybrid Scaffolds as Patches for Myocardial Infarct. Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods, 20(10), 817-827. doi:10.1089/ten.tec.2013.0489Biswas, M., Sudhakar, S., Nanda, N. C., Buckberg, G., Pradhan, M., Roomi, A. U., … Houle, H. (2013). Two- and Three-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography: Clinical Applications and Future Directions. Echocardiography, 30(1), 88-105. doi:10.1111/echo.12079Dorsey, S. M., McGarvey, J. R., Wang, H., Nikou, A., Arama, L., Koomalsingh, K. J., … Burdick, J. A. (2015). MRI evaluation of injectable hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel therapy to limit ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Biomaterials, 69, 65-75. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.08.011Chachques, J. C. (2009). Cellular cardiac regenerative therapy in which patients? Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 7(8), 911-919. doi:10.1586/erc.09.84Chachques, J. (1997). 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Journal of Clinical Investigation, 106(1), 55-62. doi:10.1172/jci8768Sieminski, A. L., Semino, C. E., Gong, H., & Kamm, R. D. (2008). Primary sequence of ionic self-assembling peptide gels affects endothelial cell adhesion and capillary morphogenesis. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 87A(2), 494-504. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.31785Bagó, J. R., Soler-Botija, C., Casaní, L., Aguilar, E., Alieva, M., Rubio, N., … Blanco, J. (2013). Bioluminescence imaging of cardiomyogenic and vascular differentiation of cardiac and subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived progenitor cells in fibrin patches in a myocardium infarct model. International Journal of Cardiology, 169(4), 288-295. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.09.013Chachques, J. C., Trainini, J. C., Lago, N., Cortes-Morichetti, M., Schussler, O., & Carpentier, A. (2008). Myocardial Assistance by Grafting a New Bioartificial Upgraded Myocardium (MAGNUM Trial): Clinical Feasibility Study. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 85(3), 901-908. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2007.10.052Lee, H., Ahn, S., Bonassar, L. J., & Kim, G. (2012). Cell(MC3T3-E1)-Printed Poly(ϵ-caprolactone)/Alginate Hybrid Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration. Macromolecular Rapid Communications, 34(2), 142-149. doi:10.1002/marc.201200524Strub, M., Van Bellinghen, X., Fioretti, F., Bornert, F., Benkirane-Jessel, N., Idoux-Gillet, Y., … Clauss, F. (2018). Maxillary Bone Regeneration Based on Nanoreservoirs Functionalizedε-Polycaprolactone Biomembranes in a Mouse Model of Jaw Bone Lesion. BioMed Research International, 2018, 1-12. doi:10.1155/2018/7380389Rohman, G., Huot, S., Vilas-Boas, M., Radu-Bostan, G., Castner, D. G., & Migonney, V. (2015). The grafting of a thin layer of poly(sodium styrene sulfonate) onto poly(ε-caprolactone) surface can enhance fibroblast behavior. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 26(7). doi:10.1007/s10856-015-5539-7Spadaccio, C., Nappi, F., De Marco, F., Sedati, P., Taffon, C., Nenna, A., … Rainer, A. (2017). Implantation of a Poly-l-Lactide GCSF-Functionalized Scaffold in a Model of Chronic Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research, 10(1), 47-65. doi:10.1007/s12265-016-9718-9Monnet, E., & Chachques, J. C. (2005). Animal Models of Heart Failure: What Is New? The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 79(4), 1445-1453. doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.04.002Bellin, G., Gardin, C., Ferroni, L., Chachques, J., Rogante, M., Mitrečić, D., … Zavan, B. (2019). Exosome in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Complex World Full of Hope. Cells, 8(2), 166. doi:10.3390/cells802016