Financial Advisors' Role in Influencing Social Security Claiming

For millions of Americans, financial advisors are a trusted source of financial and retirement preparation information. This includes providing advice and information on Social Security benefits, a critical component of most Americans’ retirement finances. To gain greater insight into what financial advisors say to their clients about Social Security, an online survey of over 400 professional financial advisors was conducted in the Spring of 2011. The results reveal that a majority of advisors believe that they are responsible for educating their clients on the role Social Security will play in their retirement income. Moreover, advisors have the ability to influence their clients’ decisions about when to claim their Social Security retirement benefits. Three-quarters advise the majority of their clients on when to claim. In addition, the study finds that the Social Security Administration (SSA) is the leading and preferred source of information and education for financial advisors and their clients. Over half of advisors say it is a major source of Social Security-related information, more than any other source. However, advisors are critical of the job SSA does in educating advisors and the public, and are interested in additional resources from the Agency. Financial advisors also indicate that the financial services companies they work with could improve their communication and education efforts as it relates to Social Security. The research findings uncover a need for improved methods of educating and disseminating information to financial advisors and the public on Social Security.

How Financial Advisers and Defined Contribution Plan Providers Educate Clients and Participants about Social Security

American workers have demonstrated relatively low levels of knowledge of how Social Security works. Most claim benefits at age 62, far earlier than many experts believe is optimal. Early claiming has a particularly negative impact on women. A significant proportion of workers use professional financial advisors and most workers participate in a defined contribution plan. Through a survey and in-depth interviews information was collected on how advisors and plan providers counsel clients and participants on Social Security. The results indicate steps that could increase the effectiveness of these channels to provide effective education and advice on Social Security and claiming

Evaluation of Handheld Assays for the Detection of Ricin and Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B in Disinfected Waters

Development of a rapid field test is needed capable of determining if field supplies of water are safe to drink by the warfighter during a military operation. The present study sought to assess the effectiveness of handheld assays (HHAs) in detecting ricin and Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) in water. Performance of HHAs was evaluated in formulated tap water with and without chlorine, reverse osmosis water (RO) with chlorine, and RO with bromine. Each matrix was prepared, spiked with ricin or SEB at multiple concentrations, and then loaded onto HHAs. HHAs were allowed to develop and then read visually. Limits of detection (LOD) were determined for all HHAs in each water type. Both ricin and SEB were detected by HHAs in formulated tap water at or below the suggested health effect levels of 455 ng/mL and 4.55 ng/mL, respectively. However, in brominated or chlorinated waters, LODs for SEB increased to approximately 2,500 ng/mL. LODs for ricin increased in chlorinated water, but still remained below the suggested health effect level. In brominated water, the LOD for ricin increased to approximately 2,500 ng/mL. In conclusion, the HHAs tested were less effective at detecting ricin and SEB in disinfected water, as currently configured

Synthesis of nuclear waste simulants by reaction precipitation: formation of caesium phosphomolybdate, zirconium molybdate and morphology modification with citratomolybdate complex

Caesium phosphomolybdate (CsPMoO·xHO) and zirconium molybdate ([ZrMoO(OH)]·2HO) solids are known to precipitate out from highly active liquors (HAL) during reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. Here, a new synthesis for these simulants is reported; with the initial step producing spherical ceasium phosphomolybdate particles, which can then be converted into cubic Zirconium molybdate. Additionally, the addition of citric acid prior to the formation of the zirconium salt is investigated. In this case, a citratomolybdate complex is generated, leading to the synthesis of elongated cuboidal zirconium citratomolybdate ([ZrMoO(OH)]·2HO·[(MoO)O(cit)]). A key focus of this study is to explore the optimisation of reaction conditions to create a controlled environment for the particles to form with high conversion rates and with desired shape properties. Elemental and structural characterisation of the particles at various points during the synthesis, as well as post-synthesis, was undertaken to provide further insights. Ultimately, it is of importance to determine the mechanism of how these simulants are formed within the components in HAL. Establishing the influence of particle properties on HAL behaviour is key for current processing, post operational clean out (POCO) and life-time assessment of the nuclear waste facilities

Negotiating Leadership in Interdisciplinary Co-Productive Research:A Case Study of An International Community-Based Project Between Collaborators From South Africa and the United Kingdom

In the absence of empirical and conceptual considerations of the negotiation of leadership in teams doing communitybased research, this article adds to the leadership literature by offering a critical reflection on positioning and collaborative teams in the context of one interdisciplinary, co-productive, cross-generational and international research project. The project focused on youth and community resilience to drought in South Africa. Fourteen co-researchers reflected on their experiences of leadership within the project, using a collectively developed questionnaire. Findings uniquely highlight wider ethical considerations when youth and novice researchers are included in research teams. A strong emphasis on cultural responsiveness was found; with local and culturally led leadership seen to positively influence both processes and outcomes. Reflections suggest collaboration may be approached as an “ethos” and aided by transformational leadership theories and methodologies. Findings may be especially relevant to research teams, funders, and ethical bodies.The Natural Environment Research Council, as part of the Global Challenge Research Fund, and the Economic and Social Research Council.http://journals.sagepub.com/home/sgoam2021Educational Psycholog

In-cell NMR characterization of the secondary structure populations of a disordered conformation of α-Synuclein within E. coli cells

α-Synuclein is a small protein strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. We report here the use of in-cell NMR spectroscopy to observe directly the structure and dynamics of this protein within E. coli cells. To improve the accuracy in the measurement of backbone chemical shifts within crowded in-cell NMR spectra, we have developed a deconvolution method to reduce inhomogeneous line broadening within cellular samples. The resulting chemical shift values were then used to evaluate the distribution of secondary structure populations which, in the absence of stable tertiary contacts, are a most effective way to describe the conformational fluctuations of disordered proteins. The results indicate that, at least within the bacterial cytosol, α-synuclein populates a highly dynamic state that, despite the highly crowded environment, has the same characteristics as the disordered monomeric form observed in aqueous solution

Evidence that vitamin D3 promotes mast cell–dependent reduction of chronic UVB-induced skin pathology in mice

Mast cell production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) can limit the skin pathology induced by chronic low-dose ultraviolet (UV)-B irradiation. Although the mechanism that promotes mast cell IL-10 production in this setting is unknown, exposure of the skin to UVB irradiation induces increased production of the immune modifying agent 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25[OH]2D3). We now show that 1α,25(OH)2D3 can up-regulate IL-10 mRNA expression and induce IL-10 secretion in mouse mast cells in vitro. To investigate the roles of 1α,25(OH)2D3 and mast cell vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in chronically UVB-irradiated skin in vivo, we engrafted the skin of genetically mast cell–deficient WBB6F1-KitW/W-v mice with bone marrow–derived cultured mast cells derived from C57BL/6 wild-type or VDR−/− mice. Optimal mast cell–dependent suppression of the inflammation, local production of proinflammatory cytokines, epidermal hyperplasia, and epidermal ulceration associated with chronic UVB irradiation of the skin in KitW/W-v mice required expression of VDR by the adoptively transferred mast cells. Our findings suggest that 1α,25(OH)2D3/VDR-dependent induction of IL-10 production by cutaneous mast cells can contribute to the mast cell’s ability to suppress inflammation and skin pathology at sites of chronic UVB irradiation

What is the purpose of clinical trial monitoring?

Background: The sources of information on clinical trial monitoring do not give information in an accessible language and do not give detailed guidance. In order to enable communication and to build clinical trial monitoring tools on a strong easily communicated foundation, we identified the need to define monitoring in accessible language. Methods: In a three-step process, the material from sources that describe clinical trial monitoring were synthesised into principles of monitoring. A poll regarding their applicability was run at a UK national academic clinical trials monitoring meeting. Results: The process derived 5 key principles of monitoring: keeping participants safe and respecting their rights, having data we can trust, making sure the trial is being run as it was meant to be, improving the way the trial is run and preventing problems before they happen. Conclusion: From the many sources mentioning monitoring of clinical trials, the purpose of monitoring can be summarised simply as 5 principles. These principles, given in accessible language, should form a firm basis for discussion of monitoring of clinical trials