Does Obesity Modify the Relationship between Exposure to Occupational Factors and Musculoskeletal Pain in Men? Results from the GAZEL Cohort Study

Objective: To analyze relationships between physical occupational exposures, post-retirement shoulder/knee pain, and obesity. Methods: 9 415 male participants (aged 63–73 in 2012) from the French GAZEL cohort answered self-administered questionnaires in 2006 and 2012. Occupational exposures retrospectively assessed in 2006 included arm elevation and squatting (never, <10 years, ≥10 years). “Severe” shoulder and knee pain were defined as ≥5 on an 8-point scale. BMI was self-reported. Results: Mean BMI was 26.59 kg/m2 +/−3.5 in 2012. Long-term occupational exposure to arm elevation and squatting predicted severe shoulder and knee pain after retirement. Obesity (BMI≥30 kg/m2) was a risk factor for severe shoulder pain (adjusted OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.03, 1.90). Overweight (adjusted OR 1.71; 1.28,2.29) and obesity (adjusted OR 3.21; 1.90,5.41) were risk factors for severe knee pain. In stratified models, associations between long-term squatting and severe knee pain varied by BMI. Conclusion: Obesity plays a role in relationships between occupational exposures and musculoskeletal pain. Further prospective studies should use BMI in analyses of musculoskeletal pain and occupational factors, and continue to clarify this relationship

Physico-chemical qualities and potentials for biochar agro- environmental valorization

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Characterization of biochars by nuclear magnetic resonance

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Effects of DDT and permethrin on rat hepatocytes cultivated in microfluidic biochips: Metabolomics and gene expression study

Dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and permethrin (PMT) are amongst most prevalent pesticides in the environment. Although their toxicity has been extensively studied, molecular mechanisms and metabolic effects remain unclear, including in liver where their detoxification occurs. Here, we used metabolomics, coupled to RT-qPCR analysis, to examine effects of DDT and PMT on hepatocytes cultivated in biochips. At 150 μM, DDT caused cell death, cytochrome P450 induction and modulation of estrogen metabolism. Metabolomics analysis showed an increase in some lipids and sugars after 6 h, and a decrease in fatty acids (tetradecanoate, octanoate and linoleate) after 24 h exposure. We also found a change in expression associated with genes involved in hepatic estrogen, lipid, and sugar metabolism. PMT at 150 μM perturbed lipid/sugar homeostasis and estrogen signaling pathway, between 2 and 6 h. After 24 h, lipids and sugars were found to decrease, suggesting continuous energy demand to detoxify PMT. Finally, at 15 μM, DDT and PMT appeared to have a small effect on metabolism and were detoxified after 24 h. Our results show a time-dependent perturbation of sugar/lipid homeostasis by DDT and PMT at 150 μM. Furthermore, DDT at high dose led to cell death, inflammatory response and oxidative stress.The study was supported by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES, project IMITOMICS-N°EST-2014/1/093). The molds to fabricate the PDMS devices used in this study were built by the LAAS in the frame of the RENATECH French network

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome associated with COVID-19: An Emulated Target Trial Analysis.

RATIONALE: Whether COVID patients may benefit from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) compared with conventional invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of ECMO on 90-Day mortality vs IMV only Methods: Among 4,244 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 included in a multicenter cohort study, we emulated a target trial comparing the treatment strategies of initiating ECMO vs. no ECMO within 7 days of IMV in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2 <80 or PaCO2 ≥60 mmHg). We controlled for confounding using a multivariable Cox model based on predefined variables. MAIN RESULTS: 1,235 patients met the full eligibility criteria for the emulated trial, among whom 164 patients initiated ECMO. The ECMO strategy had a higher survival probability at Day-7 from the onset of eligibility criteria (87% vs 83%, risk difference: 4%, 95% CI 0;9%) which decreased during follow-up (survival at Day-90: 63% vs 65%, risk difference: -2%, 95% CI -10;5%). However, ECMO was associated with higher survival when performed in high-volume ECMO centers or in regions where a specific ECMO network organization was set up to handle high demand, and when initiated within the first 4 days of MV and in profoundly hypoxemic patients. CONCLUSIONS: In an emulated trial based on a nationwide COVID-19 cohort, we found differential survival over time of an ECMO compared with a no-ECMO strategy. However, ECMO was consistently associated with better outcomes when performed in high-volume centers and in regions with ECMO capacities specifically organized to handle high demand. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Two-Phase Displacement In Porous Media Studied By MRI Techniques

International audienceTo perform the numerical simulations the phenomenological meniscus model [1] for two-phase flow was used. It takes into consideration the phase distribution in porous medium, the displacing front deformation and the residual phase formation. The closing relations for this model were obtained from the given experiments. The simulations confirmed qualitatively the experimental results

Mathematical modelling and visualization of gas transport in a zeolite bed using a slice selection procedure

International audienceWe present the analytical solution of the equations of gas diffusion in a heterogeneous zeolite bed. The problem is handled by assuming that the bed consists of a large number of very thin layers of solid, perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the gas. Mass transfer by diffusion in such a material is determined by a system of differential equations with boundary and interface conditions. The results allow the theoretical determination of the time dependence of the concentration profiles and the inter- and intra-crystallite diffusion coefficients of a gas in each layer of the bed. A numerical application concerns the diffusion of benzene in a cylindrical bed of ZSM5 displaced vertically and rapidly, step by step, inside the NMR probe. Thus we can obtain the time dependence of the concentration of gas absorbed at the level of each slice. These coupled investigations give a better understanding of the diffusion process in this multilayer material

RMN express: spins 1/2, état liquide

International audienceLa RMN (Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire) est devenue, depuis la première expérience en 1945, un moyen d’investigation incontournable. Leschimistes organiciens ont été les premiers à s’en emparer dans le but de déterminer la structure de leurs molécules. Toute la communautéscientifique a suivi, tant cette spectroscopie aux multiples facettes présente une universalité indiscutable. L’avancée la plus spectaculaire estsans conteste l’IRM (Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique) et il faut bien comprendre qu’un examen par IRM n’est autre qu’une expérience deRMN avec marquage spatial.Dans ce petit livre, nous avons essayé d’aborder bon nombre d’aspects fondamentaux de la RMN tout en nous efforçant d’indiquer clairementles différents domaines d’application. Plutôt que de donner un aperçu qui aurait pu déstabiliser le lecteur, nous avons volontairement omis deparler de RMN du solide ou des noyaux quadrupolaires (de spin supérieur à ½). Sans prétendre à l’exhaustivité, nous avons traité ce qui noussemblait être le plus important d’un point de vue physicochimique (et concerner le plus grand nombre de lecteurs) pour la RMN de l’état liquideet l’IRM.Nous nous sommes efforcés de présenter (dans les pages de droite) des schémas et des clichés aussi clairs que possible et qui se comprennent demanière intuitive. Les développements mathématiques indispensables (qui figurent dans les pages de gauche) ont été simplifiés au maximum,notre souci primordial étant que cet ouvrage soit accessible à tous

NMR measurement of self-diffusion coefficients by slice selection

International audienceMost of the time, so-called inversion–recovery experiments concern longitudinal nuclear magnetization of the whole sample, the region of interest being limited by the transmitting–receiving coil. Here we address the question of what occurs if the region of interest is purposely limited to a thin slice selected by means of procedures employing magnetic field gradients. Gradients of both magnetic fields (B0, the static magnetic field, and B1, the radio-frequency magnetic field) can be used. In this study we resorted essentially to B1 gradients and novel procedures, based on the natural inhomogeneity of the B1 field delivered by a saddle coil, are described. It is obvious that molecules leaving and entering the slice during the evolution (recovery) period should influence the magnetization recovery. Molecular self-diffusion is responsible for such effects, experimentally visible and accounted for by an appropriate theory which has been approximated for by permitting an easy physical assessment. This approach should lead to alternative methods for measuring self-diffusion coefficients

HMBC-like experiment based on longitudinal csa/dipolar cross-correlation

International audienceA gradient-based sequence is proposed for efficiently filtering out all quantities except the longitudinal two-spin order, created by csa/dipolar cross-correlation rates. The dipolar interaction is between a proton and a heteronucleus, the csa being generally the one of the heteronucleus. Proton detection is carried out to benefit from maximum sensitivity. The resulting two-dimensional spectrum has the same aspect as an HMBC spectrum, implying the existence of a J coupling between the two considered nuclei, but here cross-peaks indicate the strength of the relevant csa/dipolar cross-correlation rate. The method is especially interesting in the case of medium-sized molecules where a given heteronucleus is subjected to several csa/dipolar cross-correlation effects, along with the corresponding J couplings